Old wine tastes more mellow, and friends for many years have deeper feelings.
What is "alcohol"?
The general molecular formula is CnH2n+ 1 OH.
alcohol
alcohol
A class of organic compounds in which one or several hydrogens in hydrocarbon molecules are replaced by hydroxyl groups. The compounds produced by the substitution of hydrogen on the aromatic hydrocarbon ring by hydroxyl groups are not alcohols but phenols.
There are many kinds of alcohols in nature, and there are also ethanol and other alcohols in the same series in the fermentation broth. There are many terpenoids and aromatic alcohols in plant essential oils, which exist in free state or in the form of esters and acetals. There are also many alcohols in the form of esters in animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes.
According to the number of hydroxyl groups, it can be divided into monohydric alcohol, dihydric alcohol, trihydric alcohol or polyhydric alcohol. Generally, a carbon atom cannot contain two hydroxyl groups, and the diol with the same carbon is unstable and easy to lose water to form carbonyl compounds. According to the amount of hydrogen on the carbon atom connected with hydroxyl group, alcohols can also be divided into primary alcohol, secondary alcohol and tertiary alcohol.
Generally, there are three naming methods: ① Common naming method, that is, alcohol is regarded as composed of alkyl and hydroxyl, the hydroxyl part is represented by alcohol characters, and the alkyl part is combined with alcohol characters by removing prefixes. For example, n-butanol (primary alcohol) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH, isobutanol (primary alcohol) (CH3) 2ch2oh, sec-butanol (secondary alcohol) CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3, tert-butanol (tertiary alcohol) (CH3)3COH, neopentyl alcohol (primary alcohol) (CH3)3C-CH2OH. ② Named after the source or characteristics of alcohol, for example, lignan (methanol) is obtained from wood dry distillation, citronellol is obtained from citronellal reduction, nerol exists in neroli oil, and ethylene glycol (ethylene glycol) is named because of its characteristics of alcohol and glycerol. (3) Systematic naming method, that is, the carbon chain with the longest hydroxyl group is selected, and it is called an alcohol according to the number of carbon atoms it contains, and it is numbered sequentially from the end close to the hydroxyl group. When writing the full name, the number of carbon atoms where the hydroxyl group is located is written in front of an alcohol, for example, 1- butanol CH3CH2CH2CH2OH. The position number and name of the side chain are written in front of the alcohol, such as 2- methyl-1- propanol. When naming multifunctional compounds containing hydroxyl groups, hydroxyl groups can be used as substituents instead of alcohols.
Generally, alcohol is colorless liquid or solid, monobasic n-carbon alcohol with carbon number less than 12 is liquid, solid above 12, and polyol (such as glycerol) is syrup. Monohydric alcohols are soluble in organic solvents, and alcohols with less than three carbons are soluble in water. The melting point and boiling point of lower alcohols are much higher than those of hydrocarbons with the same number of carbon atoms, which is due to hydrogen bonding and association in alcohol molecules.
Alcohol has active chemical properties, and the carbon-oxygen bond and hydrogen-oxygen bond in the molecule are polar bonds. There are two reactions around hydroxyl groups: hydrogen-oxygen bond breaking and carbon-oxygen bond breaking. In addition, carbon atoms connected with hydroxyl groups are easily oxidized to form aldehydes, ketones or acids.
Alcohol can be produced by fermentation. For example, in China, sweet potatoes, potatoes or other starch-containing substances are used for saccharification and fermentation to produce wine. It can also be prepared by chemical synthesis. Commonly used in industry are reduction, hydration, oxidative synthesis, condensation reaction, reduction of oil and so on.
The application of low molecular alcohol is often used as solvent, antifreeze, extractant and so on. Higher alcohols, such as hexadecanol, can be used as defoamers and evaporation inhibitors in oil reservoirs. Alcohol is also an extremely important chemical raw material.
alcohol
spring
( 1) ㄔㄨㄣˊ
(2) Strong wine flavor: ~ wine. ~ mash.
(3) Purity: ~ and (pure and peaceful in nature or taste). ~ strong (pure and rich in smell and taste). ~ beautiful. ~ change.
(4) with "chun".
(5) a class of organic compounds: B ~. The gallbladder is solid.
(6) Zheng code: FDJY, u: 9 187,: B4BC.
(7) Number of strokes: 15, radical: unitary, and stroke sequence number:125351141251521.
Reference vocabulary
-
Good wine is mellow and pure.
Detailed comments
-
alcohol
Yi
spring
[shape]
(1) (pictophonetic characters. Original meaning: strong wine)
(2) The original meaning is the same [strong]
Alcohol is very strong. -"Shuo Wen"
Buy ... >>
Feelings should be like mellow wine. What do you mean by long taste?
In other words, with the growth of time, feelings are deeper and longer, intertwined and inseparable.
Can the word delicious and mellow describe the delicious rice?
Yes, delicious and mellow are used to describe delicious food.
What do you mean by washing?
The so-called water washing method is to pass two different soluble substances through water at the same time, one of which is soluble in water and the other is insoluble in water, and then the water layer is removed by liquid separation.
Water washing method-coffee bean treatment method
The harvested coffee beans must enter the treatment process immediately, otherwise they will start to ferment and make the coffee beans have an odor. There are two treatment methods: "drying" and "washing", which will cause different flavors. Sun-dried beans taste completely natural and mellow, with mild aroma and much gum; The washing method has good alcohol taste, high fragrance and lively sour taste.
Alcohol taste is an important condition of espresso, which will produce a strong mellow and smooth feeling like wine. Italian coffee lovers can increase the weight of dried beans; The washed beans are as clean as clear wind chimes, because they smell less. In addition, washed beans have a good sour taste and are the main source of sweetness of espresso.
Washing method:
1, choose beans:
Soak the harvested fruit in a water tank for about 24 hours. At this point, the mature fruit will sink, while the immature and overripe fruit will float up and can be taken out.
2, to pulp:
Remove the peel and pulp by machine, leaving only the coffee beans wrapped in the endocarp. At this time, there is a layer of mucosa outside the beans, and the process of washing is to clean this layer of mucosa.
3, hair alcohol:
Mucosal adhesion is strong and difficult to remove. It must be placed in the cylinder for about 18-36 hours to make it mellow and decompose the mucosa. There are two methods of fermentation, namely, wet fermentation and dry fermentation. As the name implies, the former adds water and the latter does not. In the process of alcohol fermentation, special changes will take place in seeds and inner pulp, which is the most important step to affect the flavor of coffee by water washing. Some farms will add hot water or alcohol to speed up the alcohol production, which will have a negative impact on the quality and is not popular with coffee lovers.
4, washing:
Farms that use water washing methods must build water washing pools and be able to introduce a steady stream of tap water. When processing, the fermented beans are put into the pool and pushed back and forth, and the coffee beans are washed smooth and clean through the friction of the beans and the power of running water.
5, drying:
After washing, the coffee beans are still wrapped in the endocarp, and the water content reaches 50%, so they must be dried to reduce the water content to 12%, otherwise they will continue to be alcoholized, moldy and corrupt. A better treatment method is to dry it in the sun. Although it takes 1 -3 weeks, it has excellent flavor and is quite popular. In addition, some places use machine drying, which greatly shortens the processing time and makes the flavor of coffee not as good as that of dried coffee.
6, shelling:
Dried beans can be stored in warehouses, or sent to factories to shell and remove the endocarp and silver film.
7. Selection and classification:
Like sun-drying, washed coffee also has a sorting and grading process, which is used to eliminate defective beans and ensure better quality, and then give them to exporters for sale all over the world.
How many women are there in a dream of red mansions?
There are 193 women in a dream of red mansions.
Including 15 people and their mothers, aunts, maids, daughters, etc. Written by Chai Zheng and Fu Fu. It also includes nuns, Taoist priests and village women.
Everything.
What does Mocha mean?
Mocha coffee
Produced in Ethiopia. Beans are small and fragrant, with rich acidity, moderate sweetness and special flavor. Washed coffee beans are well-known high-quality coffee and are often drunk as single products. However, if mixed coffee can be blended, it is an ideal flavor comprehensive coffee.
Mocha coffee beans
◆ Origin: Ethiopia
◆ baking method: CityRoast
◆ Features:
1, taste: slightly sweet with soft fruit acid, especially sweet, with its unique mellow taste, and its unique sweetness, acidity and bitterness are extremely elegant.
2, fragrance: rich fruity and grassy.
3. Vision: the beans are small and the color of the beans is uneven. Remarks: Ethiopia, known as the birthplace of coffee, has a long history and is also a traditional agricultural country, and its "Mocha-Mocha" coffee is the most famous. In the west, mocha is not only the name of coffee varieties, but also refers to the method of brewing coffee or the equipment for brewing coffee and special conditioning methods. Mocha coffee beans are mostly dry, but there are also so-called gourmet washed beans. Mocha coffee beans are famous for their sour taste and slightly sweet taste.
Also known as "Wake Lana Coffee". The sour and mellow mocha coffee, which combines the sweetness of warm fresh milk and chocolate syrup, has become the most popular drink for women.
Features: Mocha hot coffee is sour and mellow, blending the sweetness of warm fresh milk and chocolate syrup, which is very suitable for women and people who are afraid of heavy caffeine.
Tip: Pay attention to the proportion of added portions. Fresh milk only needs to be warm.
Taste: sweet and mellow.
Ingredients: mocha hot coffee 1 cup, 2 ounces of warm fresh milk, chocolate syrup 1/2 ounces, proper amount of fresh cream, a little sliced chocolate, and sugar packets.
Procedure: Mocha hot coffee 1 cup is about 7 minutes full, add 2 ounces of warm fresh milk and 1/2 ounces of chocolate syrup, stir and mix, then add a layer of whipped cream on it, sprinkle with sliced chocolate chips and attach sugar packets. (ounce: ounce, 1oz = 28.4 1 ml)
Suitable drinking time: morning or after meals.
The history of mocha coffee
/kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, the entire Middle East non-coffee country was underdeveloped at that time. Mocha in Yemen was the main export port near the Red Sea at that time. Most of the coffee produced in Africa was shipped to Mocha in Yemen and then exported to Europe. Today, a hundred years later, African coffee countries have gradually developed their own export ports, and no longer rely on Mocha Port, which has also retreated inland due to siltation. On the contrary, Mombasa Port, Durban Port and Beva Port in Africa have all become some emerging coffee export ports in Africa, but at that time, as long as coffee was concentrated in Mocha Port and then exported, it was collectively called Mocha Coffee.
There are many answers to this question. Some people say mocha is a certain place of origin, while others think mocha is sweet chocolate coffee. In fact, authentic mocha coffee is only produced in the Republic of Yemen in the southwest of the * * * Peninsula, and grows on a steep mountainside at an altitude of 3,000 to 8,000 feet. It is also the oldest coffee in the world.
As early as 500 years ago, Yemen produced coffee in an ancient way. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/7th century, the first batch of Yemeni coffee sold to Europe was exported through the ancient small port of Mocha, which surprised Europeans. The delicious coffee shipped from Mocha Port is called Mocha Coffee, which is the origin of this title.
At present, Yemen produces the best coffee, followed by Mocha in Ethiopia. Mocha coffee belt has mild to strong lubricity, excellent sweetness, unique flavor and chocolate flavor; With the temperament of a lady, it is a unique pure coffee.
Small mocha coffee has a strong new york flavor.
Mocha
Sitting in a coffee shop, looking through recipes and reading coffee magazines, you will inadvertently come across many mocha. Although it is a simple word, it has many meanings.
1. refers to coffee beans;
The earliest mocha refers to a coffee bean exported from Mocha Port in Yemen. It is produced in Ethiopia, Africa, and it is the most sour coffee. Mocha coffee is also called "Ethiopian coffee;
Second, refers to coffee;
When used to flavor fancy coffee, mocha refers to hot coffee with hot chocolate and whipped cream, because mocha originally meant Joe ... & gt
How many sons does Cao Cao have? 10.
There are four in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, from dragons to teenagers:
Cao Xiong
Luo Guanzhong should write off, right? !
What does Mocan mean?
A mocha coffee.
Produced in Ethiopia. Beans are small and fragrant, with rich acidity, moderate sweetness and special flavor. Washed coffee beans are well-known high-quality coffee and are often drunk as single products. However, if mixed coffee can be blended, it is an ideal flavor comprehensive coffee.
Please refer to /...43 for details.