Paixiao, also known as Xiao Ya, Song Xiao, Shunxiao and Qin Xiao, is a Han musical instrument that originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty in China. The earliest paixiao in the world was the bone paixiao in China in the early Western Zhou Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. Paixiao is to combine several pipes of the same material into a complete musical instrument by bonding, binding or fixing the frame; The inside of the sound tube is blocked with beeswax or cork. When playing, the airflow slides through the mouthpiece and hits the opposite inner tube wall, and the airflow vibrates in the inner cavity of the sound tube to produce music. Due to the different positions of beeswax and cork, the vibration period of airflow in the sound tube is different, so the vibration frequency of airflow is also different, thus producing different musical sounds. Paixiao is an instrument that can be used for solo and ensemble. Introduction of musical instruments

Paixiao is a wind instrument composed of a series of pipes. Pipes are arranged in the order from long to short or from short to long and connected side by side. The bottom of the pipeline is blocked with a plug to form an independent blowpipe. When playing, air flows into the pipe, which can produce different tones.

The sound of the flute is pure and beautiful, soft and delicate, ethereal and elegant.

Paixiao is an instrument that can be used for solo and ensemble.

Another name for a good name.

Paixiao has different names in different periods and regions.

In ancient China, Paixiao had many beautiful names: Xiao Ya, Song Xiao, Shunxiao, Qin Xiao, Feng Xiao, Feng Yi and Xiao Yun.

There are also some nicknames that we are not familiar with: uneven, bamboo flute, piccolo, bottom flute, clam and so on.

All countries in the world have their own unique names: Ju Lushi (Greek), Festula (ancient Rome) and Frest (medieval France);

Yvanita (Romania), antara (Peru), Long Da Dole (Ecuador), Siku (Bolivia).

Besides, Nai Yi, Musca, Hao Ira and Pujula are also the names of flutes.

There is a legend in China: Huangdi, the ancestor of China, ordered Yue Guan Ling Lun to make musical instruments. He made them out of bamboo? Uneven? This musical instrument is made up of bamboo tubes of different lengths, so people say? Uneven? . ? Uneven? In fact, it is what we call a flute.

Development history

origin

It is difficult for us to find out when the paixiao originated. Archaeologists have provided us with such a speculation:

About 7000 years ago, one day, when some primitive people passed through the bamboo forest, they found a half-bamboo broken by the wind, swaying in the wind and making a wonderful sound. One of them cut a bamboo tube, held it in his hand, covered the bottom of the bamboo tube with the other hand, and then played the Zhu Zhi tube, which made wonderful music. At this time, others have taken action. They cut out bamboo tubes with different lengths and thicknesses to make independent pipes. Is this the earliest? Single flute? .

It is not easy to play this kind of flute. Each player holds an independent sound tube and arranges it in a certain order. They must play according to the conductor's instructions. Of course, everyone can only play a fixed sound. Later, it was found that if these pipes were arranged and tied together, an independent musical instrument could be formed, and a person could play a complete tune independently, resulting in a flute with practical value.

develop

Paixiao is a musical instrument invented and used by Han nationality, which can be said to be a traditional musical instrument in the new period.

In China, according to unearthed cultural relics, the flute should be a national musical instrument.

In the Mogao grottoes in Dunhuang, China, there is a picture of a man with straight hands and a flute in his forehand? Music Buddha? Murals.

Historically, it has many names, such as uneven, cloud flute, phoenix flute and so on. It is also called Xiao, but in the Yuan Dynasty, it was officially named Paixiao because it was different from a single pipe flute (Kong Di).

The number of pipes varies with the sound of the flute. The ancient flute was composed of 10 to 24 pipes.

Up to now, the earliest paixiao in the world is the bone paixiao in the early Western Zhou Dynasty in China, which is 3000 years ago. This flute flute is made of 13 bird leg bones with decreasing length, with the longest tube being 32.7 and the shortest tube being 1 1.8 cm. This flute was unearthed from Changzikou Tomb of Taiqing Palace in Luyi County on 1997. When unearthed, the pipe body had ligature marks. This flute is now in the Henan Provincial Museum.

The earliest stone flute was unearthed in Chu Tomb No.1 in Sixia, Xichuan, Henan. It is carved from a whole piece of limestone, with 13 pipes, which has been around for 2500 years. Judging from the binding and carving of its waist, it is an imitation bamboo flute.

The first two flutes were unearthed in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in the Warring States Period, more than 2,400 years ago. They are unique in shape, like the wings of a phoenix. They are all made up of 65,438+03 thin bamboo tubes with different lengths, which are tied with three cut thin bamboo tubes, and their surfaces are decorated with lacquer paintings with red triangle patterns on a black background. In ancient times, men's and women's paixiao often played together, which set each other off as well as men's and women's duets.

Two flutes left by China in the Tang Dynasty are still preserved in the Masakura Courtyard of Toda Temple in Nara, the ancient Japanese capital. At that time, in the "Dongda Temple Gift Account", it was called? Ganzhu brigade? .

One is 12 pipe, rafter belt, 30.5 cm high; The other one has 7 tubes and is 23.5 cm high. Both of them are broken, and the old pipe is stuffed with paper to facilitate adjustment. After repair and restoration, its shape is very strange.

In Beijing China Conservatory of Music, there is a flute made by Long (1736- 1795), with a total of 16 flutes, each with a sound name engraved on it. The craft is exquisite and the shape is beautiful. There are also two golden dragons painted on the shelf, which are rich in national style.

198 1, Jilin Opera House independently developed double-row flutes with keys. This kind of flute has a wide range, which can play melodious and soothing music as well as lively and light music.

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The Book of Songs? Zhou Wei? Have a look:? Flute hands raised, screeching sound, flute sound harmonious. The ancestors listened. ?

"Two ya? Music interpretation:? It said the big flute, and it said the small flute. ?

Don? Du You's universal code? Les:? Cai Yong said, Xiao, weaving bamboo has a bottom. The big one is 23 tubes; The smallest sixteen tubes. Long is turbid, short is clear. Based on the sum of the increase and decrease of beeswax. ? Most of the flutes are made of bamboo, and the arrangement of flutes is generally single-winged, generally from left to right, and arranged step by step according to the pentatonic scale or the heptatonic scale. Arranged in two wings, spread out according to six methods and six lv. ? Paixiao? This name originated from Zhao Lin's Shuo Wen Jie Zi Lu in the Tang Dynasty.

Zhuzi school? Le:? Today's flute tube is an ancient flute, cloud flute is an ancient flute, and cloud flute is also a flute. ?

The Yuan Dynasty officially called the ancient flute? Paixiao? .

"Yuan history? Li Lezhi:? Playing bamboo 2, flute 4, flute tube 4, piano 4 and song 4 are divided into two parts. ? According to the tube structure, there are two kinds of flutes recorded in Historical Records: open tube and closed tube. Closed pipes are the mainstream, wax is the back cover, and the pitch of each pipe is adjusted.

Qinghui Hall? Musical instrument:? Compared with bamboo, the flute is sixteen tubes, and the yin and yang are eight tubes respectively. From left to right, there are double laws and six positive laws in turn; From right to left, the column is twice as large as the land, and the sixth is the positive land to match the yin. Sixteen pipe diameters are divided into two parts, seven centimeters and four milliliters, with different lengths. ?

Musical instrument shape

The flute is shaped like a phoenix wing and full of national style. The number of tubes in the past dynasties was different, but they were all single-winged, and they were changed to double-winged in the Qing Dynasty.

1In August, 978, two flutes were first unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Sui County, Hubei Province. They are unique in shape, like the wings of a phoenix, and they are all made of 13.

Paixiao (unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi)

The same thin bamboo tubes are arranged in turn, wrapped with three cut thin bamboo tubes, and the surface is decorated with colorful lacquer paintings. Although the two grooves have the same shape, the corresponding pipe lengths are different. Are they a couple? Male and female flutes? Men are slightly longer and women are slightly shorter. In ancient times, men's and women's paixiao often played together, which set each other off as well as men's and women's duets.

From the Spring and Autumn Period to the end of the Tang Dynasty 1600 years, the number and length of flutes were different. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that the gradually shortened single phoenix wing was changed into a symmetrical double phoenix wing shape, and the flute was braided according to the law, and the hoop of the flute was also changed from a rope tied bamboo bundle to a wooden frame.

In Beijing China Conservatory of Music, there are 1736 ~ 1795 flutes made by Qing Qianlong, totaling 16 flutes, each with its name and package engraved.

Paixiao (produced during the reign of Qing Qianlong)

Including twelve methods and four methods, the craft is exquisite, and there are two golden dragons on the wooden frame, which are quite ethnic.

Paixiao is an ancient wind instrument in China, with beautiful shape and rich national style. 1956 In August, the first National Music Week was held in Beijing. After extensive consultation, the Ministry of Culture and the China Musicians Association decided to use the pattern of the flute as the music emblem of China, representing the long-standing culture and colorful national music art of China. Since then, the patterns of flutes have often been printed on commemorative medals and gifts given to foreign friends by the music industry in China.

Style genre

China used to be the birthplace of the flute, as evidenced by the records of ancient poems and documents in China and the ancient flutes unearthed in archaeology. However, the development history of the flute in China is a dynastic history, and the flute playing skills have not been passed down. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the flute music disappeared from the music stage in China, which is a pity of China people.

In terms of production technology and playing skills, there are two most influential flutes in the world: Romanian flute and South American flute.

Romanian flutes are all arc-shaped, with smooth mouthpiece, exquisite workmanship and flexible feel, and can play fast-paced music. This kind with a base is the most solid and elegant. The vast majority of western flute players use this type of flute, and the domestic fans who are keen on Romanian flute are also increasing year by year. At present, Romanian flute is mainly promoted in China.

South American Paixiao is made of bamboo or fine bamboo, which is flat, curved, single-row and double-row, but the mouthpiece is rough and the playing style is mostly original, so it is not recommended for beginners.

From the appearance, there are two kinds of flutes, which are different from Romanian flutes and South American flutes. They are China Paixiao and Korean Paixiao. However, the design and manufacture of these two types of flutes are influenced by Romanian flutes: curved surface design and smooth mouthpiece treatment.

China Paixiao, that is, China Paixiao, is similar to Romanian Paixiao, but there is no base, and the pipes are glued together. The firmness is very low and requires special care. Du Cong used this kind of flute. There are also a few flute lovers in China who use this kind of flute.

Korean flute, Korean flute, this kind of flute is fixed with curved wooden strips on the basis of Chinese flute, which is more durable than Chinese flute. This kind of flute is also called? Straight flute? Or? Ring flute? . This kind of flute is often used as a practice flute.

Imitation of the Tang Dynasty, imitation of the Qing Dynasty and other antique flutes are mostly used to reflect the film and television creation of ancient court life, and are rarely used in usual performances and exercises.

symbolic meaning

1956 In August, the first National Music Week was held in Beijing. After extensive consultations, the Ministry of Culture and the China Musicians Association decided to use the pattern of the flute as the emblem of China's music, representing China's long-standing culture and colorful national music art. Since then, in the music industry of China, medals and gifts given to foreign friends are often printed with flute playing patterns.

Functional importance

The timbre of the flute is pure and natural, just like the sound of the wind. As far as timbre is concerned, more people like to classify flute as a classical instrument. The music of the flute is completely different from the noisy modern music. The sound of the flute is like a cloud in the sky. People are used to praising the flute as? The voice of nature? .

The sounds made of different materials have their own characteristics: ebony flute is loud, ebony flute is light and sweet, bitter bamboo flute is crisp and elegant, and acrylic flute is simple and natural.

Well-made flutes are pleasing to the eye, whether you carry them with you or put them at home as decorations.

If the tambourine, tambourine, waist drum, wooden fish, triangle iron and other simple instruments are excluded, then flute playing should be regarded as the simplest instrument, with easy entry, rapid progress and less investment.

Playing the flute can improve vital capacity and lung breathing ability.

Playing flute and enjoying flute music can also treat neurasthenia, depression and mania, which is beneficial to patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Playing and appreciating the flute for a long time can also achieve the function of nourishing the heart and nature.

manufacturing method

There are many materials for making flutes, such as bitter bamboo, fine bamboo, ebony, sandalwood, mahogany, rosewood, cherry wood, serpentine wood, rosewood, ceramics, glass, carbon fiber, glass fiber, acrylic, ABS plastic, copper tube and steel tube. Commonly used are bitter bamboo, all kinds of wood, carbon fiber and plastic.

In the eight-tone classification of ancient musical instruments, flutes are classified as bamboo musical instruments. It arranges bamboo tubes of different lengths in a row, weaves them with ropes and bamboo grates or covers them with wooden frames. If the length of the bamboo tube is the same, the wax is blocked in the tube (with different depths) to get different music sounds. So there are two kinds of flutes: bottomless and back cover, which are called? Dong Xiao? And then what? Xiao Di? . From the initial 3 tubes, the number of tubes is 10, 13, 16, 20, 2 1, to the maximum of 24 tubes, each tube only emits one sound.

198 1 year, Shi Jiahuan of Jilin Song and Dance Theatre successfully developed a double-row pipe key flute based on the original flute shape. The original flute had only one row of flutes; The new flute consists of two flutes. Twenty-eight flutes in the first row are arranged according to the law of twelve averages, and the range is from (D2 ~ G4). There are four tone sandhi keys on it. By turning off some flutes with the key, you can achieve the purpose of tuning, and you can play seven notes: D, G, A, F and C5. There are 22 grooves in the second row, the outer part of the blowing hole is half open and the inner part is half open, and the grooves of the outer holes are staggered. The flute in the outer hole forms a fifth tone scale in G, with a range of (D2 ~ D4), and the flute in the inner hole forms a fifth tone scale in C, with a range of (C2 ~ C4). Two rows of flutes and flutes are fixed in a symmetrical cloud-shaped wooden shell, and the front is inlaid with two symmetrical dragon ornaments. The mouthpiece of the new flute is a clarinet whistle, which is very convenient to blow. It can not only play lively and fast polyphonic music, but also play melodious and soothing lyric music.

Due to different materials and types, different pipes are connected in different ways. Some pipes are fixed with ropes and bamboo grates, some are covered with wooden frames, some are glued together, and some are fixed with bases. Some plastic grooves are integrally formed during processing.

Taking the manufacturing process of a long bamboo flute as an example, it generally takes the following steps from bamboo cutting to finished products leaving the factory:

1. Every year, I go to various bamboo producing areas in China to select bamboo (five-year-old) one by one, and it takes me about a week to select bamboo in the producing areas.

2. Shipped back to the Paixiao Factory to re-select materials, eliminate unqualified bamboos, classify the remaining bamboos according to entry, performance and master's level, saw them into roots according to a specific length, bake them straight, and store them in bamboo warehouses to prevent mildew and moth.

3, pipe material selection measurement fixed length: a standard flute from bass to treble pipe length should be from long to short, pipe diameter should be from coarse to fine, does not conform to this law can not be considered a flute.

4. Planing: Planing each group of prepared tubes to facilitate the next tube sticking.

5. Stick the pipe: stick the pipe with imported glue. For example, the flute glued by ordinary carpenters is not strong.

6. Romanian-style flutes need to be made as a base to ensure the firmness of flutes. The base is the most complicated process, so the Romanian flute is more expensive. The place where the upper end of the base is connected with the bamboo tube should be completely attached, otherwise the use of the base is useless. China flute doesn't need a base, but it is easily crushed.

7, grinding: repeatedly grinding to form a smooth mouthpiece, a good flute should not be ground, a good mouthpiece should be smooth, there should be no corners of any shape. Preliminary grinding of bamboo tube and base, and first painting.

8. Painting: A flute will generally be painted with 1-3 times thin paint according to the style. The quality of paint affects the health of users, and green paint is the best. Painting saves cost, but it is easy to brush unevenly. Some places are thick and some places are thin, which affects the quality of timbre.

9, tuning, marking factory.

Wooden flutes are processed into wooden pipes according to standard dimensions by professional lathes, and the subsequent steps are the same as bamboo flutes.

In 20 12, Youyou Paixiao also introduced the world's first Paixiao with detachable base. This kind of paixiao not only keeps the beauty of Romanian paixiao, but also is convenient for beginners to tune. This is not only a major breakthrough in domestic flute playing, but also established the international status of Youyou flute playing.

Paixiao learning

Paixiao teaching material

China ancient flute playing techniques have not been handed down, and domestic flute teaching materials have been imported from the West in recent years.

At present, there are several flute teaching materials and flute video tutorials in China:

"New Techniques of Paixiao" is a systematic and practical teaching material of Paixiao written by the Romanian Paixiao educator Puskoyou who lives in the Netherlands, introduced by Jiang Yong and edited by Feng. This textbook systematically expounds the theory of flute playing and all the playing skills. New Techniques of Paixiao is a mixed typesetting textbook with staff and notation. The textbook is easy to understand, detailed in content, starting from scratch, step by step, and not difficult to jump, and is equipped with demonstration songs and accompaniment songs for imitation exercises. This textbook combines theory with practice and is suitable for flute lovers of different levels.

Basic course of flute playing, this textbook is a professional flute playing textbook written by Zanfir. This textbook Zan fir 14 years is the result of careful consideration. This textbook is rigorous and solid in theory and scientific and reasonable in practice. This textbook is composed of staff and notation, and is equipped with 3 CDs, including 40 demonstration songs and accompaniment songs. This textbook is suitable for middle and advanced flute lovers.

This is the Romanian Paixiao producer, Paixiao educator, Paixiao performer, Dazhao Paixiao School and the founder of the Swiss Paixiao brand. Mok) Video course for flute lovers in China. This tutorial consists of 17 sections, which are demonstrated by the old monk himself. This paper introduces the key points and difficulties of beginner flute in detail, and lists some mistakes that are easy to make. This course has high learning and research value. The video tutorial is explained by the old monk in English with Chinese subtitles.

Douglas flute video tutorial, flute player Douglas? Douglas Bishop briefly explained the basic skills of flute playing. The whole course 12, relaxed and humorous. The video tutorial is explained by Douglas in English with Chinese subtitles.

Steps to teach yourself flute playing:

1, watch the video tutorial first, and recommend the Video Tutorial of Paixiao School in Continent. This video is formal and easy to understand. Look at it once and you will understand the technical essentials of flute playing. Look at it again and again and pick up the learning action of flute playing to deepen your impression.

2. After watching the video, practice "Paixiao 1 New Techniques", mainly to help self-learners form standard timbre and practice accordingly. Practice from the first single note. Although the first half is simple, you can't skip it, and don't blow all 60 etudes at once. At the beginning, etudes were the main ones, and complicated songs should be played less.

3. If you reach the intermediate level after getting started, you can learn New Techniques of Paixiao 2 and Basic Course of Paixiao, and then you can reach the advanced level. There should be no problem playing music at this time.

Sale and purchase

There are forehand flute playing and backhand flute playing.

Playing the flute with forehand, also called playing the flute with right hand, requires the player to hold the flute with his right hand. The longest pipe played by this flute is at the right end, and the shortest pipe is at the left end. The highest note played by this flute is at the left end and the lowest note is at the right end. This kind of flute plays in the opposite musical order to the piano keyboard. Most flute lovers and flute masters in Europe and America play forehand flutes, and more than 80% flute players in the world play forehand flutes. The reason is that the average person's right hand is more powerful, and holding the bassoon in his right hand can control the flute better and more stably, and learn skills faster. Beginners are advised to play forehand flute.

Backhand flute playing, also called left-handed flute playing, requires the player to hold the flute with his left hand. The longest flute is at the left end and the shortest flute is at the right end. The lowest flute is played at the left end and the highest flute is played at the right end. The playing order of this flute is the same as that of the piano keyboard. Generally speaking, lefties play with backhand flute.

Some paixiao players in Taiwan Province and other Asian regions also use backhand paixiao, such as Du Cong and Zhang Zhongli.

The flute is tuned separately.

A flute can't play all the tunes directly, and it can be divided into different tunes like harmonica and flute, including C-key flute, D-key flute, E-key flute, F-key flute and G-key flute.

G and c are the most commonly used sounds. Domestic paixiao producers mainly produce G paixiao and C paixiao, and other paixiao usually need to be customized.

The flute in G key is mainly used for learning and playing. The domestic teaching materials of Paixiao are all imported from abroad, and the teaching of Paixiao is also in line with international standards. The flute teaching materials with G-tone and G-tone are widely used abroad. In recent years, Paixiao has been widely used in China. Generally speaking, the 22-tube flute with G key is most suitable for practice and performance, and has the highest practicability. Theoretically, a flute in G key can play songs of any tune by semitone modulation.

The flute in C key is mainly used for playing music, and the range is suitable for playing pop songs or accompanying singers.

The flute can be tuned into any tune, but frequent tuning is easy to reduce the sensitivity of the tube, which is not conducive to the flute itself. Therefore, it is best to buy multiple flutes, and at least one 22-tube G and one 25-tube C are mixed and blown alternately.

The number of pipes, range and price of flutes are different.

The more pipelines, the wider the scope and the higher the price. But it doesn't mean that the more you manage, the better. The key is application. Beginners had better buy 20 or 22 flutes. If you want to buy a flute for your child, you should at least buy a 15 flute and learn and play simple music.

Flutes with more than 25 pipes are large in shape and not suitable for beginners, otherwise their interest in learning will be easily affected. It's not too late to buy according to the needs of playing when you are skilled in technology.

What kind of flute do you buy?

If you are a flute lover or a flute player who is familiar with flute playing, you can buy any kind of flute, which depends entirely on your personal interest, but for those who want to learn flute playing, you should pay attention to your choice. It is best to choose Romanian flute, which is strong and durable.

What material do you choose for flute?

1. synthetic materials: mainly organic materials such as plastics, with unique sound quality and cheap price. Because the pipeline is customized according to the size and the ratio is uniform, it is very suitable for primary and secondary school students to get started and study collectively, and it is easy to clean and has a long service life. Carbon fiber flute also belongs to this kind of flute, and its timbre is very close to bamboo. This kind of flute needs no maintenance and is very suitable for use in the north.

2. Bitter bamboo: it is recognized by the world as the most suitable bamboo for making flutes, and it is also the main material for making professional flutes. Hard texture, natural longitudinal fibers and good air permeability create a high-pitched, bright and elegant sound quality. After gradual opening and careful maintenance, the longer the use time, the better the sound, suitable for introductory practice and performance.

3. Wood: Precious wood with high density and hardness is also a good material for making flutes, such as ebony, mahogany, ebony, serpentine and rosewood. The wood is smooth and delicate, and the grain is clear and beautiful. Among them, ebony is extremely hard, sandalwood has natural fragrance, serpentine is beautiful in wood line, and rosewood is rare. The sound quality of wooden flute is moist and full, beautiful and gorgeous, the bass is deep and transparent, and the treble is bright and subtle, unique and noble. Taking the existing wooden flute as an example, the timbre quality from high to low is: rosewood, serpentine, ebony, sandalwood, old rosewood, rosewood and Brazilian rosewood. Among them, serpentine and ebony are the favorites of professionals. Sandalwood is exquisite and beautiful, with delicate lines, fragrant fragrance and high popularity. Red sandalwood has always been the mainstay, and red sandalwood is the best wooden flute. Wooden flute is not only a musical instrument, but also a precious craft gift, which has collection value. Wooden flutes need a certain breath foundation, so it is generally recommended to start playing wooden flutes for collection after getting started. You can also get started with wooden flute, which can exercise a strong breath. If it's okay to play the wooden flute, it's much easier to play other flutes.

4. Thin bamboo: also known as Arundo donax, it looks like reeds and bamboo. The hardness of fine bamboo is higher than that of reed and slightly lower than that of bamboo, which is the main material of flute in South America. Sound quality is a simple and natural original ecological style. However, due to the soft texture and thin wall, it is not easy to maintain.

5. Zizhu: Not suitable for flute playing. The wall of purple bamboo tube is thick, and the length between bamboo joints is short, so there will be 1-2 bamboo joints on a tube on average, which seriously affects the timbre of the flute. Because the pipe wall is thick, it uses more breath, even more than wooden flute, and it needs a deep breath foundation to blow. Advantages: the wall thickness of the northern pipe is not easy to crack. Disadvantages: it is difficult to play, the timbre is average, and it is not suitable for beginners. Suggestion: Buy bitter bamboo flute and wooden flute in the north.

Of course, we can't ignore the influence of climate on the flute. The climate in the north is dry. If the flute is not used for a long time, the sound tube of the bitter bamboo flute may crack. The humid climate in the south may make the inner walls of these two kinds of flutes wet, thus affecting the performance of flutes.

In the dry climate in the north, wooden flutes are more suitable. Carbon fiber flutes, glass fiber flutes, metal flutes and plastic flutes are the favorites of northern lovers, which are almost unaffected by the climate and do not need maintenance. In the humid areas in the south, it is more suitable to use the fire-baked flute (painted flute). Fire-baked flutes are also bitter bamboo flutes. This kind of flute is specially treated, so it is not easy to get wet.

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