In order to control the political power in Northeast China, the Kuomintang issued an order to revoke all puppet regimes in Northeast China, while another group of local maintenance committees waited for the "central government" to take over and were not allowed to hand over the political power to the Eighth Route Army.
As a result, traitors, puppet troops, local tyrants and evil gentry, secret agents, bureaucratic politicians, bandits, hooligans and other social scum in all parts of Northeast China were snared in and organized maintenance meetings in succession. This kind of maintenance will be established quickly, covering urban and rural areas and even remote areas in Northeast China.
1945 On August 20th, the newly assembled Kuomintang Party headquarters in the northeast provinces received a notice from their superiors, demanding the establishment of a maintenance meeting. On June 19, some places were preempted.
In many places, pseudo-officials and pseudo-police leaders have become maintenance deans, police chiefs, and public security chiefs, and some have even been promoted to "receive officials."
For example, Wang Yingtian, director of the Puppet Man Police Station in Daowai Purification Street, Harbin, was deeply guilty during the Japanese Puppet War and the people were very angry. The Kuomintang not only released him from prison and restored him to his post, but also upgraded his rank by one level, and later appointed him as the "Reception Commissioner" in Heilongjiang Province.
In essence, these clubs are politically reactionary, economically corrupt, extortionate and evil. The masses called them "Erman" and "Official Beard". Of course, it is undeniable that a few maintenance associations and some of their members have also played some good roles in maintaining social order.
Northeast China is famous for its many beards. This is the highest peak in the history of bandit development. Its vast territory, large number of people and great strength are unprecedented in history.
The so-called vast territory refers to covering all parts of Northeast China, especially remote areas. Almost every county has several or a dozen bandits. Two thirds of the counties in northern Manchuria are in the hands of stubborn bandits, and some counties in Hejiang area are also controlled by bandits.
The so-called number of people is as high as 30 thousand, and there are 50 thousand people in the triangle area of Tonghua, Shenyang and Anton (Dandong) in the south; The so-called huge momentum means that there are thousands or tens of thousands of people, well-equipped, cross-county, cross-regional and inter-provincial activities, and their arrogance is extremely arrogant.
At this time, the bandits were arrogant because they were essentially different from the previous "bearded". Is that most of them are political bandits. The reasons for this situation can be analyzed from four aspects:
1. From the historical background, when Japanese imperialism decided to defeat, in order to reduce the number of prisoners and create chaos in the future, Order No.62 was issued in August 19, ordering the Puppet Manchukuo Corps, the "German King" Puppet Army in Inner Mongolia and the Suiyuan Puppet Army to disband themselves, resulting in hundreds of thousands of guns scattered all over Northeast China.
Second, it is closely related to the Kuomintang. The Kuomintang recruited puppet troops, policemen and gendarmes, appointed officials and set up committees through its special agents sent to the northeast.
According to relevant records, Chiang Kai-shek appointed 32 "commanders-in-chief" and "commanders-in-chief" of puppet troops and bandits, 33 "captains" and "teachers" 158.
Guan was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Sixth Route Army of the Kuomintang, Fu was appointed Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Cui Dagang, a former Puppet Manchurian Army and policeman, was appointed Commander of the Third Army of the Sixth Route Army of the Kuomintang, Deng Xijiu and Deng Bokang were successively appointed Commander of the First Army of the Sixth Route Army, and Yang Dequan was appointed Commander of the Second Army of the Sixth Route Army. Seven of them were appointed as commanders above the brigade level.
Xie Wendong, an anti-unification traitor and traitor, was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the 15th Kuomintang Army, and four people were appointed as teachers and above. Li Huatang, an anti-United traitor and traitor, was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the First Kuomintang Army, and as many as five people were appointed as teachers or above.
Sun Rongjiu, a habitual bandit, was appointed as Lieutenant General; Zhang Leshan, a habitual bandit, was appointed as the second detachment leader of the second column in the northeast of Kuomintang. Meng is the commander of the 52nd Kuomintang Army.
Third, China and his Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army first arrived in the Northeast. Because they didn't know enough about the situation in Northeast China, and in order to stabilize social order, they tried to control these scattered puppet troops and police remnants in their own hands to expand the armed forces. Therefore, some puppet troops and bandits were included in the method of merging and increasing the Committee.
A considerable number of these troops later defected and were bought by the Kuomintang and became political bandits. At that time, only 33,700 people defected in Hejiang, Mudanjiang, Songjiang, Heilongjiang and Nenjiang in Beiman, and they killed 154 cadres.
1945 1 1 months ago, Liu Jianping expanded his army in Dunhua county and formed the Dunhua county security corps with eight brigades (each with about 500 people), with Liu Jianping as the chief commander and Yang Shangkui as the political commissar. There are few backbone personnel transferred from the old army, so they can't control real power.
As a result, due to internal complexity, less than a month after its establishment, seven brigades defected, leaving only more than 200 people who had been rectified by Yang Shangkui's lover Wei Xiuying;
Feng Tuan (head of Feng Guisheng), the Northeast People's Autonomous Army in Huaide County, began to form after the restoration and developed to1.5000. Due to internal complexity, Chiang Kai-shek attacked, 1, 945,65438+2000 people defected to the enemy.
In this regard, we believe that ignoring the party's class line and political standards in the expansion of the army is the main reason for the defection of some troops. However, we can't deny the achievements of the military expansion. The vast majority of the expanded troops still follow the party and become the main force of the northeast democratic Coalition forces.
The fourth is the habitual bandits left over from history. For example, the aforementioned "pioneers" such as Sun Rongjiu and Zhang Leshan, these habitual bandits regard mountains as the king, run amok and harm the people, causing great public anger.
The Kuomintang secretly sent a large number of spies to the northeast through various channels. After they arrived in the northeast, they organized the underground Kuomintang Party Department and the Youth League headquarters, developed secret service organizations, and formed reactionary organizations of various names, such as the Recovery Army, the Advance Army and the Salvation Army, totaling 37 kinds.
These underground armies belong to the 16 organizational system. It belongs to the Kuomintang Party Affairs System and is appointed by the Party Departments of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, with Luo Dayu, Chairman of the Northeast Party Affairs Commissioner's Office, Li Guang, Secretary of the Party Department of Liaoning Province, and Huasheng Liang, Chairman of Jilin Province.
Belonging to the military system of the Kuomintang, appointed by the Northeast garrison headquarters, the Northeast Party, Government and Army Liaison Department and Xiong Shihui.
Belonging to the Kuomintang spy system, He Ren, a special agent sent by the Kuomintang (namely Zhang Heizi) and other war corps, was appointed as the deputy commander of the Kuomintang Northeast Advance Army. The following six people were appointed as the commanders of the advance army, including Che Ren as the commander of the advance army, Cao Ren as the commander of the fifth theater, and Wang Naikang as the deputy commander and commander of Nendong of the first advance army.
These secret service organizations, through various channels, collect all kinds of information and assassinate revolutionary cadres and progressives. For example, general Li was killed by Kuomintang agents in Harbin on March 9. The Sino-Soviet Friendship Association was also killed by Kuomintang agents in Siping City.
In a word, the political situation in Northeast China was very grim at that time. These reactionary forces colluded with each other, causing social unrest in Northeast China.