The Book of Songs in ancient times in China pointed out that mountains and rivers are the productive places of resources, and they should be sacrificed with the gods.
In the Western Zhou Dynasty (about 166 BC-771 BC), the Order of Cutting Worship stipulated: "Don't fill wells, don't cut down trees, and don't move six animals. Anyone who fails to do so will die without forgiveness." This is an earlier law in ancient China to protect water sources, forests and animals, which is extremely strict.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (about 7 BC-221 BC), there were clear regulations on the protection of biological resources, which were quite extensive and always linked with economic development. The most representative and influential figure is Guan Zhong, who is in the state of Qi. Starting from the goal of developing economy and enriching Qiang Bing, he paid great attention to the management of mountains, forests and rivers and the protection of natural resources. He believes that the mountains and rivers are "the place where natural wealth comes from." People who can't protect the mountains and rivers well are not worthy to be national leaders (the original saying is: "A gentleman can't keep his mountains and rivers and grass, and he can't be king".
during the Qin and Han dynasties (about 22 BC-22 AD), the theory of protecting biological resources reached a high level. Liu An, King of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty, made the most perfect exposition on the protection policy of ancient biological resources in Huainanzi. He pointed out: it is forbidden to cut down growing trees, not to destroy bird nests, not to kill pregnant and brooding animals, and especially to protect young elk and deer.
in the Tang dynasty (618-97), mountains, rivers, gardens, hunting, urban greening, shrines in suburban temples, and five famous mountains were included in the scope of government management. Three hundred miles in the suburbs of Jingzhao and Henan are also designated as no-cutting areas or no-hunting areas. The scope of management exceeded the pre-Qin period.
the song dynasty (96-1279) paid attention to the legislative protection of biological resources. Since the Song Dynasty, people have been aware of the problems of water storage and discharge caused by land reclamation around lakes and soil erosion caused by indiscriminate logging, which shows that people of insight at that time were sensitive to environmental problems.
in the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), the protection of Shanlin Chuanze inherited the regulations of the previous generation, and the scope of control was quite extensive. By Injong (1425-1426), the government began to give up control measures. "Those who are forbidden in mountain fields, gardens, lakes, pits and metallurgy, fruit trees and bees are known to the people." Due to the ban on lakes, many lakes have been stolen into fields, which has destroyed the ecological balance and caused man-made natural disasters. This is a retrogression in protection and does great harm to the environment.
in the Qing dynasty (1645-1911), the population soared, and the northeast, northwest and south of the Yangtze River were opened, and many grasslands or mountainous areas were reclaimed as farmland. It caused grassland degradation, desert expansion, forest destruction and soil erosion, and the environment was further damaged. People of insight at that time saw the problem and gave a warning. However, it did not attract the attention of the Qing Dynasty, and the unreasonable reclamation continued, which brought great disasters to the environment of China.
Modern History of the World
In p>1739, American President Benjamin Franklin discovered that Philadelphia was a black community in the United States, where the land was particularly barren and the green was particularly scarce. He ordered through the Pennsylvania state government that in Philadelphia, every time a baby was born, his parents would spend a few cents to buy a sapling. This system was implemented until the end of the 2th century. Now Philadelphia has been covered by green forests, but the local tradition of buying saplings for babies still exists.
In p>189, Nancy Ford, a female chef in the British royal family, suggested to Queen Victoria that grilled beef should be removed from the menu, because grilled beef would bring a lot of smoke and dust, and it would also give cooks lung disease. Her suggestion was quickly adopted, and it is difficult to find charcoal food in the kitchens of the British royal family today.
In p>1923, American chemist Thomas Midley discovered tetraethyl lead, which was widely used in gasoline. When he showed his invention to the public, he immersed his hands in lead compounds and stood in gasoline smoke for a whole minute to prove that gasoline was nontoxic. A few years later, Americans saw the scene of gasoline emitting highly toxic smoke into the atmosphere. Under the coercion of his girlfriend Betty Keira, Thomas finally admitted that he had created "the worst invention of the 2th century".
beatrix, a beautiful Dutch princess, was born in p>1938. Since she was a child, she refused to take the special car arranged for her by the royal family, preferring to go to school by bike. Her reason was that "that super-luxury old car would release a lot of smoke bombs, which would make the Dutch mistakenly think that the World War I, which had already ended, had broken out again". In 198, beatrix ascended the throne of Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, and she still has the habit of riding a bicycle to the Dutch Prime Minister's Office to meet with government members.