CPI is the consumer price index, which shows how much more money is spent on a representative group of goods today than at some time in the past.
For example:
For example, if you buy item A (this A generally stands for commodities, such as meat, eggs, vegetables, fruits, etc. ) One day in 2000, another 100 yuan was spent, and the cost of purchasing Item A was 20 1 10 yuan, then:
The year 2000 is the base date, and all the years except this year are based on that year.
CPI in 2000 = (100/100) *100% =100%; CPI of 20 10 years = (110/100) *100% =10%, which means that you are at 20/kloc.
20 10 annual inflation rate =((20 10 annual CPI-2000 CPI)/2000 CPI)* 100% = 10%.
CPI is the abbreviation of consumer price index. Consumer price index (CPI) is a macroeconomic indicator that reflects the changes in the price levels of consumer goods and services generally purchased by households. It is a relative number to measure the price level of a representative group of consumer goods and services that changes with time in a specific period, and is used to reflect the changes in the price level of consumer goods and services purchased by households.
Consumer price statistics survey the final price of social products and services, which is closely related to people's lives and occupies an important position in the whole national economic price system. It is an important indicator of economic analysis and decision-making, monitoring and regulation of the overall price level and national economic accounting. Its change rate reflects the degree of inflation or deflation to some extent. Generally speaking, inflation is considered to occur when prices rise in an all-round way, in contrast to changes, and it continues.
Extended data
First, the concept of CPI
CPI is the abbreviation of consumer price index. Consumer price index (CPI) is a macroeconomic indicator that reflects the changes in the price levels of consumer goods and services generally purchased by households. It is a relative number to measure the price level of a representative group of consumer goods and services that changes with time in a specific period, and is used to reflect the changes in the price level of consumer goods and services purchased by households.
Consumer price statistics survey the final price of social products and services, which is closely related to people's lives and occupies an important position in the whole national economic price system. It is an important indicator of economic analysis and decision-making, monitoring and regulation of the overall price level and national economic accounting. Its change rate reflects the degree of inflation or deflation to some extent. Generally speaking, inflation is considered to occur when prices rise in an all-round way, in contrast to changes, and it continues.
Second, the basic function
1, which measures inflation (deflation). CPI is an important indicator to measure inflation. Inflation is a general and sustained rise in the price level. The level of CPI can explain the severity of inflation to some extent;
2. National economic accounting. In national economic accounting, various price indexes are needed. Such as consumer price index (CPI), producer price index (PPI) and GDP deflator, to calculate GDP, thus eliminating the influence of price factors.
3. Contract indexation adjustment. For example, in salary negotiation, employees hope that the salary (nominal) increase is equal to or higher than CPI, and they hope that the nominal salary will be automatically adjusted with the increase of CPI. The timing of adjustment is usually after inflation and lower than the actual inflation rate.
4. Reflect the change of currency purchasing power: Currency purchasing power refers to the quantity of consumer goods and services that can be purchased by unit currency. When the consumer price index rises, the purchasing power of money decreases; On the contrary, it will rise. The reciprocal of the consumer price index is the purchasing power index of money.
5. Reflect the impact on employees' real wages: the increase of consumer price index means the decrease of real wages, and the decrease of consumer price index means the increase of real wages. Therefore, the consumer price index can be used to convert nominal wages into real wages.
6. the impact of 6.CPI on the stock market: under normal circumstances, prices rise and stock prices rise; As the price falls, so does the share price.
Third, statistical methods.
The investigation teams of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should randomly select cities, counties and price survey points in the local area. At present, there are more than 550 cities and counties in the national survey area, and there are nearly 30 thousand samples at price collection points. Nearly 4000 professionally trained price collectors are engaged in price collection.
The first step is to investigate the price survey points independently selected by cities and counties.
These cities and counties should identify shops, farmers' markets and service outlets to conduct price surveys (statistically called survey points). The methods to determine the survey points are as follows: first, all survey outlets are marked according to retail sales and business scale, and queued from high to low; Then, according to the number of survey points needed, equidistant sampling is carried out, and the principle of giving consideration to both size and reasonable distribution is selected.
The second step is price collection.
All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have fixed price investigators and temporary investigators to collect prices according to unified regulations. After the investigation point is determined, the city and county price investigators will collect, investigate and register the prices of goods or services in the selected shops, markets and service outlets according to the specified time, and adopt the principle of "three determinations", that is, directly collect prices at a fixed point, at a fixed time and by a fixed person. Fixed point is to go to the selected survey points, that is, fixed survey shops and farmers' markets, to ensure the stability and comparability of price data sources. Timing, that is, collecting prices at a fixed date and time, ensures that the base period price and the reporting period price are comparable in time, because the commodity prices at different times are different. This is most obvious in fresh commodities, such as fresh vegetables, which usually have higher prices when they are first listed in the morning and lower prices when they close at night. Therefore, when conducting a price survey, not only should the number and date of the survey be consistent every month, but also the time of each survey should be relatively fixed. The appointment of a person means that an investigation is conducted by a fixed investigator within a certain period of time. This is to avoid the artificial price survey error caused by frequent changes of investigators and maintain the stability, continuity and comparability of price data. At the same time, the computer management system of price collection points is often used as an auxiliary investigation tool in various places.
There are also some principles in the actual purchase price: the prices of the same specifications must be homogeneous and comparable, that is, the products are basically the same in nature and can be compared; If the listed price of commodities is inconsistent with the actual transaction price, the actual transaction price shall be investigated and collected; For commodities that are closely related to residents' lives and have frequent price changes (such as fresh vegetables, fresh fruits and other fresh foods), conduct price surveys at least once every five days; General commodity prices are investigated and collected 2-3 times a month. The third step is to report the data. The survey cities and counties will report the survey price data to the provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) survey corps through the network every month, and the survey corps will report it to the National Bureau of Statistics within the specified time after auditing.
reference data
Baidu encyclopedia -CPI