Chongqing Kangdun gerontologist reminds you how to adjust the bedding and clothing of hemiplegic patients. Hemiplegic patients had better sleep in a hospital bed with guardrails, which can prevent them from falling and is also conducive to rehabilitation exercises in the future. You can put a thick and soft mattress on the wooden bed, and you can use an air cushion bed if possible. When you are incontinent, you can put a rubber pad under the bed sheet and a diaper on the bed sheet so as to change it in time and keep it dry. The clothes worn by hemiplegic patients should be fat and soft, and easy to put on and take off. It is best to have zippers or velcro for easy replacement. When changing clothes, first change the healthy upper limb, take off one side and put on the changed clothes immediately to avoid catching cold; When changing the affected side, protect the shoulder joint and prevent dislocation; When the temperature is low, it is necessary to raise the room temperature, cover it with a light and warm quilt, and do not place a hot water bottle to avoid burns caused by sensory impairment; When the temperature is high in summer, it is more convenient to wear pajamas on the bed. Just cover it with a thick towel, but pay attention to your shoulders. Paralysis nursing editor: this paragraph prevents urinary tract infection and correctly handles dysuria. If urinary retention causes urinary catheter drainage, it is advisable to use continuous urination at night and intermittent urination during the day, which is beneficial to the recovery of bladder function. Keep the catheter unobstructed, change the catheter regularly, flush the bladder, and clean up the secretion of external urethral orifice in time. For urinary incontinence, men use penis sockets to collect urine bags; Women's protective diapers and diapers. Encourage drinking more water to play the role of washing. Eat more fruits, increase water and supplement vitamin C and potassium. Acidify urine to prevent the formation of bladder stones. Raising the bedside is beneficial to urination and reducing urinary reflux infection. When patients with bedsore paralysis do not turn over for 8 ~ 9 hours, the compressed skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscle are ischemic and necrotic, forming ulcers, which are medically called bedsores. Most of them occur in the protruding and load-bearing parts of the body surface, such as sacrococcygeal region, shoulder angle and heel. Long healing time; It is characterized by local infection. It is an effective measure to prevent bedsore to help turn over and change body position regularly. Turn over for 2-3 hours during the day and 4-5 hours at night, and turn over alternately from left to right, sideways for not less than half an hour. Immediately after turning over, press and knead the compressed protruding parts, or apply hot compress or physical therapy to improve local blood circulation. The load-bearing part is padded with cotton pad or steam pad, which plays a buffering and protecting role. It is beneficial to help exercise or massage the affected limb regularly, prevent heel bedsore and restore the function of the affected limb. Preventing constipation in patients with constipation paralysis is not a trivial matter, which not only increases the difficulty and pain of defecation, but also brings trouble to nursing. According to personal living habits, reasonable distribution of meals, food diversification, eat more vegetables and fruits containing more cellulose. Drinking 300 ml of cold boiled water or warm honey water after brushing your teeth in the morning can moisten the intestines and promote peristalsis. In addition, strengthen the functional exercise of abdominal muscles and levator ani. At the other end of the bed, tie a strong cloth belt or belt, hold the cloth belt tightly with both hands, pull up the upper body with external force, then put it down, and keep exercising according to your own ability. Persistence is beneficial to defecation, preventing bedsores and increasing vital capacity, killing two birds with one stone. How to help hemiplegic patients build self-confidence? Hemiplegic patients who are conscious and have no obstacle to thinking in this paragraph are often pessimistic, disappointed, depressed and worried because of the loss or decline of activity ability. This negative psychology is not conducive to patients' treatment, sleep and appetite. To help patients get rid of pessimism, medical staff, patients' relatives and social service institutions have to do a lot of work. (1) Actively treat the primary disease and carry out rehabilitation treatment as soon as possible. Rehabilitation should run through the whole process of disease treatment, strive to reduce the degree of disability and avoid complications. A large number of data prove that the timely use of exercise therapy, occupational therapy and psychological guidance has obvious effects on improving limb function, improving living ability and correcting negative psychology. (2) Carry out meticulous life care and create a warm emotional atmosphere. In the environment that many people care about, patients are easy to get rid of loneliness, get spiritual safety and help in life, make up for the inconvenience caused by disability, and build self-confidence in life. Especially patients with progressive stroke are often depressed and need help in life at this time. Unmarried hemiplegic patients, faced with marriage and the coming, will inevitably have depression and self-abandonment, which requires the sympathy and careful care of medical staff and the tireless comfort of relatives. Only in this way can we face up to the reality and maintain a positive and optimistic mood. (3) With the stabilization of illness or the improvement of mood, we should treat patients rationally, encourage self-realization, actively cooperate with the treatment of medical staff, put into rehabilitation training at an early stage, overcome disuse muscular atrophy and joint contracture stiffness, and minimize the degree of disability. Organize recreational activities, improve the fun of life, encourage paralyzed patients to participate in collective activities and return to society, and eliminate inferiority complex. For bedsore, prevention is the most important, and the following points should be done: (1) Turn over and massage the patient regularly for at least 2 hours, 1 time. (2) Add cushions, balloons, sponge pads, etc. The prone parts of bedsore. (3) Keep the skin clean and dry. When incontinence or vomiting occurs, scrub it in time. Don't let the patient sleep directly on the rubber mat. (4) Keep the bed clean and dry, and change the bedding when it is wet. For patients with incontinence, it is inconvenient to put the bedpan under the patient all the time. Patients with sensory impairment should try not to use hot water bottles to prevent burns. (5) Strengthen nutrition in diet, ensure the supply of protein, and increase patients' skin resistance. (6) For bedsore that has occurred, keep the wound dry, apply anti-inflammatory and granulation cream, and adopt physical therapy. In short, the prevention of bedsore is to turn over frequently and check whether the skin, clothes and sheets are flat and dry when turning over; When the oppressed skin is red, it should be rubbed with the palm of your hand to promote the blood circulation of the skin and achieve the purpose of early prevention, early detection and early treatment. (1) Pay attention to pre-illness nursing to prevent or slow down the occurrence of dementia. Alzheimer's disease is a chronic disease, most patients can't tell the obvious onset date, and there is no specific drug treatment at present. Therefore, we should actively prevent and treat various risk factors leading to dementia, such as bad lifestyle and eating habits, emotional depression, environmental pollution and so on. After retirement, the elderly should actively participate in social activities, make friends, cultivate interests, engage in mental and physical activities as much as possible, live with their children, and never leave their families or society. (2) Help to take care of patients' daily life. Dementia elderly people have poor self-care ability in daily life such as hygiene, diet, defecation and daily life, and need family supervision or help. Arrange the patient's reasonable and regular life, ask to get up, go to bed and eat on time, make his life close to normal law, and ensure enough rest and sleep time. Maintaining good personal hygiene habits can reduce the chance of infection. Personal hygiene includes skin, hair, nails, oral hygiene, etc. You need to brush your teeth, wash your face, cut your nails, wash your hair, take a bath and change your underwear and bedding frequently. Give health guidance and take measures to stop unsanitary behaviors, such as defecating everywhere and picking up things on the ground to eat. Increase or decrease clothes and quilts in time according to weather changes. The bedroom often opens the window for air, and the bedding often basks in the sun. People who stay in bed for a long time should turn over regularly and pat their backs to prevent bedsores. For patients with serious illness, it is necessary to help them manage their lives, take good care of nutritious diet, keep warm and cold, and personal hygiene. Try to do some activities that are beneficial to physical and mental health during the day, such as planting flowers, raising fish, painting, walking, Tai Ji Chuan, knitting, etc. In addition, you can read newspapers, listen to the radio, and watch some entertaining TV selectively (avoid watching scary, thrilling and sad programs), so that patients can fully feel the joy of life and keep a relaxed and happy mood. Patients often have sleep disorders, so it is necessary to create conditions for patients to fall asleep, and the surrounding environment should be quiet. Wash feet with warm water before going to bed, do not have irritating conversations, and do not watch irritating TV. Don't give alcohol, smoking, strong tea and coffee to the elderly, so as not to affect the quality of sleep. For those with severe insomnia, drugs can be given to help them fall asleep. Patients should not live alone at night to avoid accidents. (3) Strengthen patients' functional training. Cultivate and train the self-care ability of Alzheimer's patients. It must be emphasized that helping patients manage their personal lives does not mean helping patients with everything, nor does it mean leaving them alone when they do it themselves. Its meaning is to supervise, inspect and guide them, and its purpose is to protect patients' daily needs, train their self-care ability and delay their mental decline. The function of human brain, body and limbs is to advance when in use and retreat when not in use. For the elderly with mild dementia, we should urge patients to take good care of their own lives, such as buying food and cooking, cleaning the room, cleaning personal hygiene, encouraging patients to participate in social activities, and arranging certain time to read newspapers and watch TV, so that patients can have certain contact with the surrounding environment, so as to distract morbid thinking, cultivate interest in life, activate emotions and slow down mental decline. For the elderly with moderate and severe dementia, family members should spend some time helping and training patients' self-care ability, such as grooming, eating, folding clothes, going to the toilet, etc., and ask to get up on time; Family members or caregivers accompany patients to go out, find their way and recognize their home; Lead patients to do some housework, such as cleaning tables and sweeping the floor; The patient can watch TV for a while after supper. After a period of persistence, some patients can basically take care of themselves. Note that you must not do everything to save trouble, which will accelerate the development of dementia. Family members should communicate with patients more, encourage patients to make more friends and participate in social activities. Strengthen the training of thinking, memory and calculation ability. People with speech disorders have oral practice and training. Train the patient's speech and thinking ability through conversation. Paralysis patients should strengthen limb function rehabilitation training to prevent joint contracture and muscle rigidity. Encourage activities and ensure sleep. Patients can be encouraged to participate in more activities according to their usual hobbies, but the amount of activities should not be too large, and they should be accompanied when going out to prevent collisions, bumps, falls or disputes with others. Ensure 6 to 8 hours of sleep every day and try to take a nap in summer. (4) diet care. Three meals a day should be quantified and timed, and the patient's usual eating habits should be maintained as much as possible. Most patients with Alzheimer's disease eat less or even refuse to eat because of loss of appetite, which directly affects the nutritional intake. For this kind of patients, we should choose nutritious, light and suitable food, with meat and vegetables, moderate food temperature, no thorns and bones, and easy to digest. Make sure to eat well and eat well. Those who have difficulty swallowing should chew slowly and don't eat in a hurry to prevent coughing. For a few people who have overeating and overeating, they should appropriately limit their food intake to prevent vomiting and diarrhea due to indigestion. (5) Pay attention to safety nursing. We should pay attention to the safety of patients with moderate and severe dementia everywhere. Don't let patients go out alone, lest they get lost. It's best to put a card or cloth with the patient's name, address and contact number in your pocket, in case it is lost, it's easy to find. When walking, someone should support or take care of it to prevent falls, injuries and fractures. For the demented old people living in tall buildings, we should prevent them from accidentally falling down. Be careful not to get burnt when taking a bath. Someone must watch you when you eat, so as not to choke your trachea and die. Pay attention to the fishbone when eating fish. The medicine taken by the patient should be properly kept, sent to the mouth and taken. The bed is very low and can be fenced off if necessary. Don't let patients do housework alone to avoid gas poisoning, fire and other accidents. Old people's daily necessities are placed where they can be seen and found. Drugs, chemical daily necessities, hot water bottles, power supplies, knives and scissors and other dangerous goods at home should be placed in a safe and collision-free place to prevent patients from committing suicide or accidents. It's best to stay with people all the time and have company at any time. (6) improve the family environment. Family facilities should be convenient for patients to live, move and enjoy life. Family harmony and warmth, so that patients can feel the care and support of their families, encourage patients to establish confidence in overcoming diseases, and avoid all adverse stimuli. (7) Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of physical diseases. Dementia elderly people are slow to respond, unaware of changes in temperature and danger, and prone to physical diseases. After being ill, they can't complain about their discomfort. Therefore, we should closely observe patients with Alzheimer's disease and pay attention to their diet, daily life and defecation changes. If any abnormality is found, it should be sent to the hospital for examination and treatment in time. If not found in time, the patient may die of physical illness.