Kochia scoparia, also known as broom and peacock pine, belongs to panicum miliaceum 1 of Chenopodiaceae and Kochia. Kochia scoparia originated in Europe and Asia and is widely distributed in China. Its tender stems and leaves are edible, and it is a semi-wild vegetable with high carotene, potassium and copper. Generally, it is fried, cooled, or stuffed after boiling water. Fried shredded pork with Kochia scoparia has bright color and fresh taste. Old leaves can be used as feed in spring; The oil content of seeds is 15%, which can be used for food and industry, and also for making cakes. Seedlings and seeds can be used as medicine, which has the effects of clearing away damp-heat and diuresis, and is mainly used to treat red and white dysentery, diarrhea, dysentery, hot shower, astringent urine, bloody dysentery, wind-heat skin, scabies, pudendal wet itching and other diseases.
I. Morphological habits
1 annual herb. Stems erect, multi-oblique, broom-shaped, light green or purple-red, with multiple longitudinal edges; Young branches are pilose. Leaves alternate, sessile, strip-lanceolate, entire, with long white cilia on the edge of young leaves. Flowers bisexual or female, sessile, usually solitary or 2 in leaf axils; Perianth 5, connate at base, yellow-green, with triangular transverse wings from back in fruit; Stamens 5, opposite to perianth; Stigma 2, strip-shaped. Utricle oblate, hidden in perianth and indehiscent. The seeds are horizontal and oblate. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from August to September.
Kochia scoparia has strong adaptability, likes temperature, light, drought resistance, not cold resistance, not strict requirements on soil, and is more resistant to alkaline soil. Rich and loose loam rich in humus is beneficial to the vigorous growth of Kochia scoparia.
Second, the cultivation techniques
1. Seeding and seedling raising
Direct seeding or seedling transplanting can be carried out. Direct seeding in the open field can be carried out in early April, and sole fertilizer can be applied before sowing, and hole sowing, strip sowing and withdrawal sowing can be done. Nursery seedlings in protected areas can be sown in early March to mid-March, covered with soil 3-4 times the diameter of seeds, and emerge in 6-7 days.
2. Tian Tuan management
Sowing or transplanting: direct seeding, after seedling height 15 ~ 20 cm, combined with harvested seedlings, the plant spacing is 70× 100cm. The seedlings cultivated in the seedbed were planted in the field when the height of the seedlings was 6 ~ 10 cm.
3. Fertilizer and water management: In addition to applying base fertilizer, topdressing 1 times decomposed organic fertilizer or topdressing nitrogen fertilizer for water distribution before harvest. Although Kochia scoparia is drought-resistant, keeping the field moist can not only improve the yield, but also improve the product quality, so water it every 7 ~ 10 days/time during the growing period.
4. Pest control: Kochia scoparia is vulnerable to aphids in the growing season, and 40% dimethoate emulsion can be sprayed for control. Kochia scoparia is also easy to be parasitized by Cuscuta chinensis, which causes plants to wither in pieces. If it is found that Cuscuta chinensis should be removed in time.
Third, harvest.
When the plant grows to the height of 15 ~ 20 cm, it can be harvested in combination with thinning seedlings, and the tender stems and leaves can be harvested one after another from April to July. Seeds are harvested in August-September, threshed, dried and stored for later use.