There are mainly two ways: one is to leave eggplant and melon seeds in spring, and the stubble-leaving way is to raise seedlings in winter → leave seeds in spring → cultivate celery and cabbage in autumn; One is to collect and reserve seeds mainly from Cruciferae self-incompatibility in winter and spring, raise seedlings in summer and cultivate eggplant and melon vegetables in autumn. 4. Several Forms of Vegetable Cultivation in Greenhouse (1) Early-maturing cultivation of eggplant and melon vegetables in Natsuna in spring is the most common project in greenhouse cultivation. Open field cultivation is generally planted from late March to mid-April, and harvested from early May to July. Greenhouse cultivation can be planted1-March in advance and harvested from late March to July. Early listing, high yield, long flowering and fruiting period and obvious economic benefits. In addition, according to market demand, warm green leafy vegetables such as amaranth, auricularia auricula and water spinach can be planted in advance and listed in advance. 1. Variety (combination) selection: early-maturing tomato varieties are Zaofeng, Japanese Red× Aihong; Zheza No.5, Su Kang No.4 and No.5 were selected as mid-mature varieties, and the excellent varieties with early maturity, disease resistance, high yield and marketability were selected as sweet pepper. Pepper: chicken feet × Jilin F 1, Zaofeng1; Sweet pepper: add No.3; Eggplant: Fujian eggplant 1, Pingtung eggplant; Cucumber: Jinchun No.2 and No.3, etc. 2. Planting: 65,438+00 days before planting, cover the shed with plastic film. 3000 kg of manure or decomposed garbage manure, 2000 kg of human excrement and urine, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu, which are applied in deep ditches or in the whole layer and turned into the soil. Tomato is planted in two rows, with the border length of 1.5m, the row spacing of 75cm and the plant spacing of 20-30cm, with 2500-3000 plants per mu. There are 3000 peppers per mu. Eggplant spacing is 40-50 cm, and 2,000-2,400 plants are planted per mu. Plant 2000-2400 cucumbers per mu. 3. Field management: (1) Temperature management: No ventilation within one week after planting, mainly heat preservation, especially eggplant and cucumber, which should be kept at high temperature to facilitate seedling return. After returning to seedlings, keep the temperature high. The optimum temperature for tomato seedling growth is 20-25℃ during the day and 10- 15℃ at night. The optimum temperature for eggplant growth is 20-30℃. When the temperature is lower than 15℃, it will cause poor pollination and fertilization. The optimum growth temperature of sweet (spicy) pepper is 25-28℃; The temperature of cucumber is 28-30℃, and the temperature at night shall not be lower than 10℃. The temperature rises gradually in the middle and late May, and the skirt film can be gradually removed. After 9: 00 pm-10 and 16: 00 pm, the cover should be closed. (2) Fertilizer and water management: after sowing and returning seedlings, use dilute human excrement or livestock fertilizer to raise seedling fertilizer. Tomato, ① the first ear fruit expansion stage, compound fertilizer 10kg/ mu; The fruits of the 2nd-3rd ear began to swell, and the compound fertilizer was 30kg/mu; The 4th-5th ear fruit began to swell, and the compound fertilizer was 20kg/mu. (2) After the sweet (spicy) pepper seedlings are fertilized, the field should be kept moist, not dry and stagnant, and thin fertilizer should be applied frequently during the whole growth period. Generally, topdressing once every two harvest seasons, compound fertilizer 10 kg/mu, and the amount of fertilizer applied at full fruit stage increased by 20 kg/mu. Eggplant topdressing is similar to pepper, and cucumber topdressing is done every two harvest seasons. (3) Erection and pruning: tomatoes and cucumbers should be supported by bamboo, and the vines should be put on the shelves, which is beneficial to the results. Tomatoes should be trimmed in parallel bars, the first lateral bud above the first flower spike should be kept, and the axillary buds and branches below should be removed. The first flower and the 1 branch under the eggplant fruit were left, and the others were removed. Sweet (spicy) peppers blossom and bear fruit regularly. When the growth, flowering and fruiting are too vigorous and the plant growth potential is small, the upper flowers and fruits should be removed to facilitate the normal growth of the lower flowers and fruits. (4) flower protection and fruit protection: when the temperature is low in spring, tomatoes and the first and second ears need hormones to protect flowers and fruits to increase the early yield, and 40PPM anti-falling agent is used to spot pedicels; Eggplant should be sprayed with 1-2 days before flowering (trumpet-shaped) or 15PPM anti-falling agent; Peppers can also be sprayed with anti-fall agents. The flower and fruit protection treatment should be carried out below 65438 05℃ and above 65438 05℃. If there is plenty of sunshine, it should not be treated. The concentration should be strictly controlled and not too high to avoid side effects. (II) Delayed cultivation in autumn and winter in Natsuna The general harvest period of delayed cultivation in autumn and winter in Natsuna is 10 ~ 12. If preserved, it can last until the Spring Festival with high economic benefits. 1, cultivation season and variety: (1) tomato, sowing in early July, seedling age of 30 days, sowing from late August to September, harvesting from 10 to 12. The varieties are Zheza 7 and Zaofeng. (2) Cucumber: direct seeding from the end of July to mid-August, and harvesting from September to165438+1October. The varieties are Jin Yan No.4, Jinchun No.4, Autumn Cucumber 1, Xia Feng and so on. (3) Autumn tomatoes, flowers that bloom before mid-September, often fall off because of the high temperature at night, while flowers that bloom after 10 are not easy to bear fruit because of the low temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to spray flowers with10-15 ppm anti-falling agent, or to coat pedicels with 40PPM concentration to prevent flowers from falling and fruits from falling. (3) In addition to tall vegetables such as melons and eggplants, leafy vegetables with high economic value, such as auricularia auricula, water spinach, celery and lettuce. It can be cultivated in greenhouse in early spring and overwinter in late autumn, avoiding freezing injury, promoting growth, increasing yield, prolonging supply, and coming out of season, with good economic benefits. Leafy vegetables, such as auricularia auricula and water spinach, which like temperature and heat resistance, can be planted in greenhouse in September and June of 10, covered with heat preservation in the later period, put on the market in advance, and cultivated conventionally, basically reaching the annual supply. Lettuce and other vegetables that like cold but are not frost tolerant are most suitable for sowing in the open field in late August to early September and March to April in spring. If the seeds are sown from June 165438+ 10 to March of the following year, they will be cultivated in greenhouse. (4) Shading and rainproof seedling raising in summer From late June to early August, strong light, high temperature, thunderstorm and typhoon and rainstorm seriously affected vegetable production and seedling raising in early autumn in southern China. The application of shading nets and non-woven fabrics promoted the role of greenhouse in seedling raising and cultivation in summer. 1, the role of shading and covering in greenhouse (1) Shading function: Shading net significantly reduces the light intensity in greenhouse. The greater the density specification, the better the shading effect. The shading effect of black with the same specification is better than silver gray. Generally, the shading rate of black is 42%-65%, and the shading rate of silver gray is 30%-42%. (2) Cooling effect: Shading net coverage reduces the temperature in the greenhouse, especially on the surface and soil plough layer, and the temperature in the upper part of the greenhouse reaches 37-.