First, there is the preface of Sima Qian as evidence. Sima Qian said in the Preface: "Move Longmen, cultivate and graze the sun of rivers and mountains". "Longmen" refers to Hejin, not Hancheng. Let's take a look at what Sima Qian himself said. Anyone who is familiar with the Preface knows that Sima Qian said that his ancestors lived in xia yang from Sima Cuo to Sima Xi VII (that is, Hancheng), and introduced in detail the experience and achievements of his father Sima Tan (The Essentials of Six Classics) before saying that he "moved to Longmen and cultivated the sun of rivers and mountains". Obviously, there is a turning point here. "Longmen" does not mean "xia yang". If you mean "xia yang", why not say that you were born as "xia yang", or say nothing. According to xia yang, where his ancestors lived, who doesn't know that he was born in xia yang, and suddenly a "moving gantry" appeared? It is meaningless to use different concepts before and after telling the story of living in the same place with ancestors, especially for Sima Qian. It can be seen from here that "Longmen" definitely means something else. What does this mean? It can only be hejin.
Hejin has the most reason to call it "Longmen". Hejin and Hancheng are only separated by a river. I also think the mountains on both sides of Longmen are called Longmen Mountain, and Longmen is also shared by two counties, just like the Yellow River. But "Longmen", as a synonym for a place ("moving Longmen", "Longmen" is a synonym for a place, not the "Longmen Mountain" or "Longmen" in the remaining engravings, although this synonym comes from it), can only refer to one place, not two places. So as a place, who has more reason to call it "Longmen", Hejin or Hancheng? It can only be hejin. This is related to geo-culture. Hejin is in Hedong, which is the sun. Common on both sides of the Yellow River, generally represented by Hedong and Yang. For example, the Jade Hall built in Longmen, the East Jade Hall is a large main hall, and the West Jade Hall is a small auxiliary hall. This is why it is designed and built in this way. Hedong is also one of the main birthplaces of the Chinese nation, where Yao, Shun and Yu all established their capitals. "Longmen" is a relic, and Hejin is close to Beijing, which is relatively close. It is natural that Hejin is called "Longmen", because "the water tower gets the moon first". The Xia Dynasty was founded by Yu's son Qi, with the capital in Hedong. He would never go far beyond the river and call Hancheng "Longmen". In fact, Hejin has been called Longmen since Yu chiseled Longmen. Hejin has a history of nearly 700 years from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, and once set up Longmen County, which is the ironclad proof that Hejin used to be called Longmen. Later, Longmen County was renamed Hejin County, but it was called Longmen in all previous dynasties. Who doesn't think it belongs to Hejin? This is still the case today. "Moving Longmen" refers to Hejin.
Probably for fear of misunderstanding by future generations, Sima Qian immediately said a word after "moving to Longmen": "Cultivate the grandson of grazing mountains and rivers." This is an accurate annotation that "Longmen" refers to Hejin. Here, the river refers to the Yellow River. Longmen Shan Zhinan, north of the Yellow River, is called Yang, which means Hejin. Hancheng is the same as the Yang of the mountain, but it is not the same as the Yang of the river. As for Hejin, it was called Pishi County at that time. Why did Sima Qian say "moving Longmen" instead of "moving Pishi City"? This is because Longmen was so famous at that time that outsiders didn't even know Pishi County, which was the fundamental reason why Pishi County was later renamed Longmen County.
Second, there is evidence of Sima Qian's tomb. Sima Qian was buried in Hejin after his death. Although Sima Qian's tomb temple no longer exists because of the long history and the attack of natural disasters, this is proved by Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics. The great geographer Li Daoyuan was born in the Northern Dynasty. Notes on the Water Mirror is a famous geographical work with rich contents, which was written on the basis of his field investigation and in-depth textual research on the water mirror. It was written in the early 6th century, which is of great reference value to the study of ancient geography in China. The book says: "The river goes south, and the right meets Taoqu water", and "the southeast goes to the north of Sima Zi's tomb". There is a temple in front of the tomb and a monument in front of it. In the fourth year of Yongjia, Yin Ji, the prefect of Hanyang, paid tribute to his remains and made great contributions, so he built a stone chamber and erected a monument. Taishi Gongxu said: Move to Longmen. It is also the place where its tomb ruins are located. "
How to understand this passage? "The river flows south, and the right side flows into Taoqu water", which means that the Yellow River flows south from Longmen, and the right side is close to Taoqu water in Hancheng. "Go to the north of the tomb of Sima Zi in the southeast" is probably the location of Sima Qian's tomb temple. "Southeast", that is, the southeast of the Yellow River, that is, the border of Hejin. "Going to the north of Sima Zichang's tomb" means that the Yellow River flows directly from Sima Zichang's tomb to the north. This shows that Sima Qian's tomb temple is west of Cangtou Village and south of Shizui. The Yellow River leaves Longmen, flows through Qingjian Bay and goes straight to Shizui. Be blocked and slide to the southwest.
"There is a temple in front of the tomb and a monument in front of the temple. In the fourth year of Yongjia, Hanyang Taishou Yin Ji paid tribute to the remains and made great contributions, so he built a stone room and erected a monument. " This is the tomb temple that Li Daoyuan saw at that time, which shows that this is the fourth year of Jin Yongjia (AD 3 10). Yin Ji, the magistrate of Hanyang, went to see his tombstone in front of Sima Qian's tomb in Hejin. She was moved by his achievements and rebuilt it for him.
"Tai Shigong said from the beginning: move to Longmen. It is also the place where its tomb ruins are located. " This is Li Daoyuan's sigh when he saw Sima Qian's tomb behind the temple, that is, Tai Shigong said in his preface that he was born in Longmen, and that's right, this is the place where he was buried after his death. Here, Li Daoyuan also confirmed that "Longmen" refers to Hejin.
Is there any other explanation for this record of Li Daoyuan in Water Mirror Notes? He was born and buried in Hejin. Isn't he from Hejin?
Some people say that Sima Qian is from Hancheng according to the fact that the existing shrine of Sima Qian is in Hancheng, which is wrong. As we all know, the existing tomb of Sima Qian in Sima Qian Temple is a cenotaph, not a real tomb. This shows that the temple is only a memorial temple, not the real tomb, which confirms the authenticity of the tomb of Sima Qian Hejin recorded by Zhu. Sima Qian Temple in Hancheng was founded in Song Dynasty, with a history of less than 950 years. Sima Qian is from Hejin. Why did Hancheng people build a temple for him? This is because Sima Qian's ancestral home is in Hancheng, where people are also proud of Sima Qian, so a temple was built as a memorial to show merit. This is a good thing, but if the temple is built to prove that Sima Qian is from Hancheng, it is the fault of the builder. If it is not the fault of the builder, it is the fault of future generations to the builder.
Third, there are descendants of Sima Qian as evidence. Hejin is about 10 to the east of Sima Qian's tomb, and there is a xinfeng village. There are about 20 households and nearly 200 people surnamed Sima in the village. They claim to be descendants of Sima Qian and have a family tree. Up to now, they still keep the imperial board handed down from generation to generation by Sima Qian. This village is also called the hometown of Sima Qian. This is the evidence that Sima Qian is a blood relative of Hejin people.
There is no Sima in Seoul. It makes no sense to say that Sima Qian is from Hancheng and can't find a Sima. Some people say that there are descendants who changed their surnames to Si, Ma, Tong and Feng because of asylum. That doesn't make sense either. Sima Qian was sentenced because of the disaster of Liling, but he did not implicate the Jiuzu. His daughter, son-in-law and grandson are all alive, and they are all highly valued by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Why do his children and grandchildren who are far away from home have to change their surnames? Some people say that it didn't change at that time, but it changed later. Sima Qian didn't change when he was suffering, but later he was rehabilitated and became a Taishi Gong, so he was able to complete the historical records. After the publication of Historical Records, Sima Qian's popularity gradually rose and was admired by the world. This can only protect his children and grandchildren, how can it be harmful? "Rebellion" and "the disaster of Liu and Song Dynasties" are also difficult to establish. The punishment in feudal society was very severe. How to avoid it by changing the surname? In feudal society, there was never a policy of changing surnames instead of punishment. Besides, if you want to change your surname, just change your surname. Why did you change your surname to four? Also, if you really changed your surname because you were avoiding chaos, you should change it after chaos. Why haven't you changed and returned to your ancestors? Is this true or not?
Xinfeng village not only has a Sima family, but also has an unusual name, which is probably related to Sima Qian. "Han Shu" contains: When Wang Mang was in the New Dynasty, he was later named "Shi Tongzi". After suffering, the descendants and villagers of Sima Qian suddenly got such glory and joy, and it was reasonable to change the name of the village from "Taihe Square" to "xinfeng village". Later, in order to commemorate Sima Qian and to commemorate the hard-won fame, it contained a lot of bitterness and changed the name of the village to "xinfeng village". Who can say no?
Does this make sense? Doesn't this also prove that xinfeng village is indeed the hometown of Sima Qian, and Sima Jia is his descendant?
The above three certificates are enough to prove that Sima Qian is from Hejin. Then, Sima Qian's ancestors lived in Hancheng and his father was born in Hancheng. Why did Sima Qian become a Hejin person? This is because Sima Tan moved to Hejin when he was young. Although history is not clearly recorded, it is not groundless. Sima Qian said in the preface that his father died of illness in Nan Zhou. But it didn't say where he was buried. Living in xia yang, sai-jo was buried in Huachi and Gaomen after his death, but he didn't tell his father that he was also buried in Huachi or Gaomen. This is the biggest doubt. This shows that Sima Tan is likely to be buried elsewhere, in Hejin, where he moved. According to the textual research of Sima Qian's descendants, there is a distant ancestor tomb of Sima Qian, probably the tomb of Sima Tan, about 10 in the northwest of xinfeng village, Sima Qian's hometown. This is at least a proof that Sima Tan is currently buried in Hejin.
Why did Sima Tan move to Hejin? There may be two factors, one is learning. Sima Qian said in the preface, "Taishi Gong learns from Tang Dou, Yang He and Huang Zi." This shows that when Sima Tan was young, he mainly studied abroad, otherwise he would not have written such an excellent article on the essentials of six schools. So, where did you learn it? Hejin is probably a major place. Hejin is the hometown of scholar Bu Zixia. Wei Wenhou has been teaching in Xihe for 50 years, which has had a far-reaching impact not only on Hejin, but also on the cultural development of Hedong and Shanxi. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was not far from Wei Wenhou, and Hejin education was also very prosperous, with rich cultural background. This is a place where students in the middle reaches of the Yellow River are concentrated, and Hejin is very close to Hancheng. So studying in Hejin should be the best choice for Sima Tan. Because I have been studying here for a long time, I feel that this fertile cultural soil is conducive to the edification and growth of future generations (Sima Qian's becoming a great historian and writer fully proves this), so I decided to move. When I moved, I moved to Taihe Square, which is now xinfeng village. Taihe Square is the hometown of great scholar Bu and the main place of "Xihe Teaching". The reason why Sima Tan moved here is completely consistent with Sima Tan's motive and purpose of moving. The second is the factor of returning home. Sima Qian said in the preface that his distant ancestor was Jin to Qin, and man was "Shao Liang". Then, where did Sima Qian's distant ancestor move from Jin to Shaoliang? It's probably Hejin. Because Hejin and Hancheng are very close, in order to avoid chaos; You can achieve your goal by crossing the river. Hejin is the hometown of his distant ancestors. Even if not, Shanxi has always been there. In addition, he studied here for a long time and had feelings, so he moved back to Hejin. It turns out that he did move back to the river.
Finally, make a bold speculation: why is Sima Qian called "moved"? Who can say that this has nothing to do with Sima Tan moving its capital to Hejin? Who can say that this is not a permanent commemoration of his return to his hometown? I said, probably.
There should be no doubt that Sima Qian is from Hejin.