Taking 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as the research object, this paper selects 1 1 specific indicators from the aspects of regional GDP, total retail sales of social consumer goods, total investment in fixed assets of the whole society, and total revenue and expenditure of public finance budget, and uses cluster analysis to analyze and evaluate the economic development of each prefecture-level city. The results show that Guangxi 14 prefecture-level cities can be divided into four types of economic regions, and the level of economic development among cities is quite different. On this basis, this paper puts forward some concrete suggestions from strengthening economic cooperation among prefecture-level cities, actively promoting the development of open economy, strengthening scientific and technological innovation and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, so as to provide reference for promoting the all-round development of regional economy in Guangxi.

Keywords: cluster analysis; Guangxi; Economic development; policy advice

I. Introduction

In recent years, with the establishment of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, trade and investment between China and ASEAN countries have increased, economic integration has deepened, and economic and trade exchanges have become more frequent. As the gateway province of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, with the proposal and implementation of the "One Belt, One Road" strategy, Guangxi's good location advantages and carrying capacity of resources and environment will undoubtedly provide sustained impetus and good opportunities for promoting Guangxi's regional economic development, and its development prospects are very broad. However, due to historical reasons and the influence of population, society and infrastructure, Guangxi's economic development level and per capita GDP are still at a low level in the inland 3 1 provinces, cities and autonomous regions, which is extremely disproportionate to the above-mentioned location advantages and economic advantages. There are also some differences in the economic development and industrial structure of 14 prefecture-level cities under the jurisdiction of Guangxi. For a long time, the problem of regional economic development has been the object of attention and research in regional economics, economic geography and other disciplines. The disparity of regional economic development is a common phenomenon in the economic development of various countries [1]. How to analyze and classify the economic development degree of 14 prefecture-level cities under the jurisdiction of Guangxi is of great theoretical and practical significance for correctly understanding the development stage of the economic development of each prefecture-level city in Guangxi, formulating correct macro policies and promoting the good and coordinated development of various regions.

Second, study the regional profile

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the capital of Nanning, is located in the west of South China in China, bordering Guangdong and Hunan provinces, bordering Beibu Gulf in the south and facing Southeast Asia. China is the only coastal autonomous region with superior natural conditions and abundant resources, especially marine and mineral resources. By the end of 20 15 and 12, there were 14 prefecture-level cities and11county-level administrative districts in the whole region, with an administrative division area of 236,700 square kilometers. In 20 15, the total population of the whole region was 55 1.8 million, and the regional GDP was 654.38+0.68035438+0.2 billion yuan, accounting for 2.5% of the whole country. Per capita GDP is 39150 yuan. However, due to historical reasons and the influence of population, society and infrastructure, the level of economic development in Guangxi, whether it is the regional GDP or the perfection of the three major industrial structures, is at a low level in 3 1 inland provinces and cities. The economic development level and industrial structure of 14 prefecture-level cities under the jurisdiction of the region are different, and the economic development of some prefecture-level cities is relatively backward. In recent years, with the completion of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area and the implementation of the "Belt and Road" strategy, Guangxi has attracted a large influx of capital and manpower from home and abroad, showing broad development prospects.

Thirdly, the research and design of cluster analysis method.

(a) Index selection and data sources

It is impossible to make a comprehensive and comprehensive evaluation and analysis of regional economic development by relying on a single index. Therefore, in the process of analyzing and evaluating the regional economic development level in Guangxi, it is necessary to build a reasonable and perfect evaluation index system with the help of various evaluation indexes. Based on the principles of scientificity, systematicness, comprehensiveness, independence and operability, this paper selects 1 1 specific indicators according to the actual situation of economic development, population situation and social resources of various prefecture-level cities in Guangxi. They are: administrative land area (square kilometers), regional GDP (billion yuan), per capita GDP (yuan), total registered population at the end of the year (10,000 people), investment in fixed assets (billion yuan, excluding farmers), budget revenue of public finance (billion yuan), budget expenditure of public finance (billion yuan), per capita net income of farmers (yuan) and per capita disposable income of urban residents. In order to facilitate the subsequent data processing of various indicators, they are abbreviated as X 1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8, X9, X 10, X1. Detailed data of all indicators come from Guangxi Statistical Yearbook 20 16 and Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 20 15.

(2) Data processing

This paper uses SPSS 19.0 to cluster the indicators reflecting the economic development of Guangxi 14 prefecture-level cities. It can be seen from the above that the 1 1 indicator selected in this study needs to be standardized in order to prevent the dispersion of indicators.

After standardization, the correlation coefficients between X2 (regional GDP) and X5 (fixed assets investment), X6 (public budget revenue) and X 10 (total retail sales of social consumer goods) are all greater than 0.9, so these four indicators need not be used as clustering variables, just choose one of them. This paper chooses X2 (regional GDP). Then, different clustering methods are used for clustering analysis.

(3) result analysis

This paper uses SPSS 19.0 to cluster the economic development of Guangxi 14 prefecture-level cities. After the data of the selected 1 1 cluster variable is standardized, according to the different clustering numbers of the results, systematic clustering and K-means clustering methods are used for clustering analysis, and the results are obtained. Referring to the classification of economic development of Guangxi 14 prefecture-level cities, combined with the actual situation of economy, society and population in various regions of Guangxi, this paper holds that it is more appropriate to divide the economic development level of Guangxi 14 prefecture-level cities into four categories. The classification of economic development level of Guangxi 14 prefecture-level cities should be: Nanning, Beihai and Qinzhou are the first category; Liuzhou, Guilin, Wuzhou, Guigang, Yulin, Baise, Hezhou, Hechi and Laibin are the second category; Fangchenggang is the third category; Chongzuo is the fourth category.

According to the results of cluster analysis, Nanning, Beihai and Qinzhou are the first category, and the economies of these three prefecture-level cities are relatively developed. Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, is the political, economic, cultural, financial and information center of the whole region. It has a high degree of economic development, relatively complete industrial structure, good location advantages, many policy supports and a solid foundation for economic development, which makes Nanning ahead of other prefecture-level cities in Guangxi in many aspects. Beihai is one of the coastal open cities of China 14, which is located in the center of Pan-Beibu Gulf Economic Cooperation Zone. Convenient and efficient transportation facilities, the development and well-being of many economic circles, abundant marine resources and prosperous tourism have all promoted the rapid economic and social development of Beihai. Qinzhou is located in the South China Sea coast, the center of the southern part of Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, and it is the most convenient sea passage in the southwest of China. Relying on the unique port advantages, vigorously develop import and export trade.

Liuzhou, Guilin, Wuzhou, Guigang, Yulin, Baise, Hezhou, Hechi and Laibin are in the second category. The economic development level of these nine prefecture-level cities is relatively high, the three industrial structures are relatively perfect, and each relies on its own economic development advantages, and the economic development growth rate is relatively fast.

Fangchenggang and Chongzuo are the third and fourth categories respectively. Fangchenggang is an excellent deep-water port in China and one of the 25 major coastal ports in China, with a high foreign trade volume, which has a particularly important strategic position in China-ASEAN Free Trade Area and Pan-Beibu Gulf regional cooperation. Chongzuo is located in the southwest of Guangxi, with relatively poor geographical position, weak industrial base and backward transportation facilities. Although it is rich in resources, it is a prefecture-level city with relatively backward economic development in Guangxi due to the shortcomings of human resources.

Four. Conclusions and policy recommendations

In this paper, SPSS 19.0 is used to cluster and analyze the economic development of four prefecture-level cities in Guangxi 14, and the economic development level of Guangxi 14 is divided into four categories, namely, Nanning, Beihai and Qinzhou are the first category; Liuzhou, Guilin, Wuzhou, Guigang, Yulin, Baise, Hezhou, Hechi and Laibin are the second category; Fangchenggang is the third category; Chongzuo is the fourth category. From the results of cluster analysis, how to promote the rapid and coordinated development of regional economy in Guangxi can be started from the following aspects:

(1) Strengthen economic cooperation between prefecture-level cities and enhance economic radiation to more developed areas.

There are significant differences in the level of economic development in different regions of Guangxi, and the economic development factors they rely on are also different, such as human capital, environmental resources, infrastructure perfection and geographical location. Therefore, it is particularly important for each region to formulate economic development strategies according to its own conditions and advantages. While formulating economic development strategies according to local conditions, strengthening economic cooperation between prefecture-level cities, realizing the sharing and intercommunication of resources and information, and freely circulating human resources and funds will play an important role in promoting the rapid and coordinated development of various regions. Nanning, Guilin and Liuzhou, which are old and relatively developed areas, have relatively developed industrial base and tertiary industry, and relatively perfect infrastructure. Based on its own advantages, we should strengthen economic cooperation with various prefecture-level cities, play a leading role, take the lead in setting an example, actively explore cooperation models that can be used for reference, enhance the economic radiation to neighboring prefecture-level cities, and truly push Guangxi's economic development to a new level.

(B) relying on good location advantages and superimposed "policy advantages, actively promote the development of open economy.

With the development of economic globalization and regional economic integration, the integration of China's economy and the world's economic development is deepening, and actively promoting the development of export-oriented economy has become the key to the economic transformation and upgrading of China and various regions. 20 15 In March, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the Vision and Action for Promoting the Joint Construction of the 2 1 Century Silk Road Economic Belt and the Maritime Silk Road. By virtue of its location advantages, Guangxi has been included in the national "Belt and Road" construction plan, and faces a great historical opportunity to develop an open economy. Although Guangxi's export-oriented economy has developed in recent years, the overall situation is still not optimistic. The relatively weak economic foundation restricts the development potential of the open economy, and the advanced elements supporting the development of the open economy are also insufficient [2]. With the opportunity of the implementation of the "Belt and Road" strategy and the superposition of national development policies, relying on the location advantages of coastal areas, along the Yangtze River and along the border, and drawing lessons from the typical open economic development models of the eastern coastal areas such as the Shanghai model and the Dongguan model, we will actively promote the development of Guangxi's export-oriented economy and quickly and harmoniously complete the economic transformation and upgrading of Guangxi.

(3) Strengthen scientific and technological innovation and accelerate the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.

Scientific and technological innovation and industrial structure optimization and upgrading have a long-term coordinated relationship, and relying on scientific and technological innovation can effectively promote industrial structure optimization and upgrading. Generally speaking, industrial structure refers to the proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. The optimization and upgrading of industrial structure has two meanings: one is the rationalization of industrial structure, and the other is the upgrading of industrial structure. If the proportion of the tertiary industry is greater, then it can be said that the degree of upgrading is greater [3]. In the future, we can strengthen scientific and technological innovation and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of Guangxi's industrial structure from the following aspects: first, strengthen scientific and technological innovation reform, establish and improve scientific and technological management coordination mechanism and information disclosure mechanism, optimize the allocation mechanism of scientific and technological resources, and coordinate the all-round management of scientific and technological innovation; Second, increase financial support for scientific and technological innovation to ensure that all funds for scientific and technological innovation are put in place; Third, to optimize the scientific and technological innovation system, we should not only ensure the establishment and improvement of the scientific and technological innovation management mechanism, but also comprehensively expand the main body of scientific and technological innovation and implement the investment and use of scientific and technological innovation achievements.

(4) Improve the infrastructure construction in various regions and vigorously develop the economy with regional characteristics.

There are significant differences in the level of economic development in different regions of Guangxi. In relatively developed areas, such as Nanning, Liuzhou and Guilin, except for the main economic zones, the infrastructure construction is still not perfect. Hechi, Baise, Chongzuo and other cities are remote, with inconvenient transportation and backward infrastructure construction. Good traffic conditions, convenient communication facilities and comprehensive water conservancy and electric power facilities are the common material foundation of residents and enterprises, and are also important conditions for material production and labor reproduction. Therefore, all localities should put the improvement of infrastructure construction in an important position, appropriately expand the total investment in social fixed assets, actively use the rich human resources in the region, play a good "overseas Chinese card", let more overseas Chinese from Guangxi participate in Guangxi's economic construction, improve infrastructure construction as soon as possible, and provide a good foundation for rapid economic development. At the same time, all regions should find their own development orientation, combine regional advantages and vigorously develop regional characteristic economy.

References:

Meng Qian. Study on Coordinated Development of Regional Economy in Shandong Province Based on Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis [J]. Regional Economy, 2016 (1):138-139

[2] Li Jihong. Guangxi's open economic development model and realization path under the background of "Belt and Road" construction [J]. Guangxi Social Sciences, 2016 (4):14-19

[3] Xu Xiaohui. The influence of scientific and technological innovation on the upgrading of industrial structure in Guangxi [J]. Cooperative Economy and Technology, 2016 (11):19-21

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