Literary expository: Pay more attention to vividness and interest when introducing and explaining things, and use more descriptive methods such as imitation, analogy, personification, quoting ancient poems and legends to make the article more vivid and more attractive to readers. This method is often used in general science fairs. For example, the first paragraph of China Stone Arch Bridge and the first and second paragraphs of Language of Nature.
Scientific explanation: plain writing, concise language, accurate and appropriate explanation of things or things. Common examples, definitions, figures, charts, explanations, classifications, etc. This method is usually used for general scientific and technological explanations, instructions for use and plot summaries. For example, two essays by Asimov.
This difference is only relative. There can be simple explanations in literary discourses and vivid explanations in scientific discourses.
2. According to the description object, it can be divided into: things (such as the third unit of the first volume of the eighth grade) and things (such as the fourth unit of the first volume of the eighth grade).
3. There is also a kind of explanatory text that introduces the procedures and methods of handling affairs called "program explanatory text". Such as "overall planning method" and various recipes.
Third, explain the order and structure of the text.
1. chronological order: arrange articles in chronological order. Explain the change, development and growth process of things, explain the production procedures and use procedures of things, and introduce biographies in chronological order.
2. spatial order: Generally, articles about still life such as architecture are arranged in the order of spatial orientation. First of all, we must determine the observation point, or look down, or overlook, or look closely, to explain things from a certain position, from front, back, left and right, up and down, left and right, inside and outside the center. Such as the Palace Museum.
3. Logical order: Arrange the articles according to the internal relations of things. This order is often used for general explanatory text. Such as causality (colorful flowers), hierarchical relationship from phenomenon to essence (attacking the desert and not dying in the dead sea), primary and secondary relationship (Zhao Zhouqiao part of China's stone arch bridge, the decisive factor of phenology in natural language), total score relationship (Suzhou Garden), juxtaposition relationship and correlation relationship (seeing the weather from the clouds).
Generally speaking, the structure of expository texts can be divided into two types: total score type and progressive type. The former is mostly used to explain things, while the latter is mostly used to explain things.
Fourth, the skills of explaining the text.
1. Highlight features: grasp the essential attributes of things, grasp the differences between the objects to be explained and other things, and explain from external features to internal features and from phenomena to essence.
2. Reveal the essence: by explaining the external characteristics of things, dig their deep meaning, that is, deepen the ideological connotation. For example, after describing the characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridge, it further reveals the essence of Chinese stone arch bridge and explains the reasons for its brilliant achievements.
3. Clear organization: This is a necessary condition to make the instructions organized. A good explanatory text needs to choose a reasonable explanation order according to the order of things themselves.
Verb (the abbreviation of verb) explains the method. In order to explain the characteristics of things clearly, or to explain things clearly, there must be appropriate interpretation methods. Common explanation methods are:
1. Interpretation methods include: definition, explanation, examples, enumeration of numbers, analogy, comparison, classification, citing data, imitating appearances, and making charts.
2. Understand the role of various methods.
Example: Here, we use an example to explain that the function of this explanation method is to make the object of explanation concrete and easy for readers to understand.
Comparison: Here, compare … with …, highlight (specifically) the comparison of … is used to highlight characteristics (status, influence, etc.). ) to explain the object.
Column number: The explanation method of column number is used here to accurately explain … (the number of … is listed and accurately explained …). Its function is to make the explanation accurate and convince the readers.
Classification: The function of classification is to make the explanation clear.
For example, its main function is to make the explanatory object vivid and enhance the interest of the article.
Interpretation: used to explain the reasons and internal relations of the explained content.
Definition: Its function is to scientifically and accurately explain the connotation of the description object and make the description more rigorous.
Draw a chart: it can make the content of the explanation intuitive and vivid.
Imitation: make the explanation vivid and make the article more readable.
3. Sometimes explanatory texts will use other rhetorical devices to help explain, and the analysis of the functions of these devices should closely focus on the explanatory object and follow the theory.