And empress dowager cixi thinks this contract? Do not violate my sovereignty, do not cut my land, forgive me? , ? Not forced? Has she arrived in the aggressor country? Generous? The excitement is really hard to describe. How much money, what benefits, how much money, as long as the authorities are willing. This is what she said when she declared her attitude to the great powers. Measure China's material resources and win the favor of the country? . Therefore, this kind of negotiation is only between the aggressor countries, and the negotiators sent by the Qing government are not even qualified to listen. They just report the conclusion of the negotiations to the highest government organs for them to implement and implement.
For example, the problem of punishing the culprit is what the powers said? Punish the murderer? It is a crime to punish officials who advocate opposing Eight-Nation Alliance, supporting the Boxer Rebellion and punishing foreign priests. Representatives of all countries unanimously demanded that such officials should be punished, so as to teach the Qing government a lesson, so that they would never dare to resist foreign countries again and always be tools for taming foreign powers. It's just that the scope and methods of punishment are different. For example, Russia advocates exempting the prince from the death penalty, Britain advocates expanding the penalty as much as possible, and Japan advocates putting all criminals to death. In fact, when they discussed the peace program, they began to discuss this issue. By the end of 1900, the plan to punish the culprits was basically formulated, and then the list of punished people and the punishment given were handed over to the representatives of the Qing court. As usual, Li Hongzhang telegraphed the plan given to him by foreign powers to the Qing government in Xi, and the Qing government issued it in the form of imperial edict. Due to the urge of the aggressor countries to implement it quickly, the Qing court had to issue an imperial edict in late February of 190 1 to punish the powers that agreed to propose it. Killer? .
Duan Wangwang Zaiyi and lord protector Lanzaifu were appointed beheading warders, sent to capital punishment, imprisoned forever, and given to Jae-hoon to commit suicide. Yuxian will do the right thing. Zhao Shuqiao and Henry ordered suicide. Resolutely make a decision to avoid discussion due to illness. Qi Xiu and Xu Chengyu are practicing Buddhism. Xu Tong and Li Bingheng committed suicide, were dismissed from their posts and took back their T-shirts. Dong Fuxiang's dismissal has far-reaching effects. Zaiying and Zailian were removed from the list.
190 1 February 2, 20081day, the Qing government sent an imperial envoy to Zhou Pu, Shaanxi Province to execute Zaixun and commit suicide. When the imperial envoy arrived in Zhou Pu, he was greeted by gunfire outside the door. Jae-hoon knew that he would not live long, and he waited impatiently. Suddenly, he heard gunshots and cursed loudly. Bastard, why did you shoot for no reason! ? About the report: It's an imperial envoy, Ge Bao Hua. ? Jae-hoon asked? Are you here for me? They dare not answer. Ge Baohua came to Zhou Pu to prepare a cemetery for Jae-hoon? Zhou Pu ancient temple, in which ropes were set for soldiers to guard. Then, he announced that Jae-hoon had entered the temple and told him to kneel down and listen to the decree of death. Jae-hoon asked to say goodbye to his family, but an imperial envoy refused. Jae-hoon shouted: I'm dead, and her galeries lafayette won't live long? Then he put his head into the lasso and took his last breath.
Yu Xian, the governor of Shanxi Province, was initially sent to exile in Xinjiang by the Qing government and taken to Lanzhou. Imperialism refused and forced the Qing government to execute the death penalty. The Qing court sent He Fukun, the provincial judge of Gansu Province, to supervise the beheading. On February 22, after He Fukun read the imperial edict to Yuxian, Yuxian wrote a desperate sentence: I die, my wife dies, who says it's inappropriate! The saddest thing is that my mother is 90 years old and my charming girl is 7 years old ... It's a pity that I kill people and others kill me! I'm ashamed of myself. I have served you for 20 years, and all three provinces are here. It's no use doing a trickle, but I'm indebted. ? As an official of the Qing court, Yu Xian slaughtered thousands of people, and was transferred to Shanxi Governor in 1900. He also hated the aggression of foreign missionaries. He killed more than a dozen priests and even more parishioners, which means some blind killings and xenophobia. Desperate words feel that they have killed so many people, and now people come to kill themselves, there is nothing to regret.
On February 24th, Henry Zhao Shuqiao committed suicide. According to historical records, Henry is a coward. When he was imprisoned, he cried day and night. By the time the Qing court sent someone to let him commit suicide, he was already dead. The executioner opened the cell and found him lying on the ground, his face covered with mud. Did you kill yourself by blocking your nose and mouth with mud?
Zhao Shuqiao, the minister of punishments, died the most troublesome, and it is said that he was still wronged. Zhao Shuqiao was sent to Zhuozhou and Liangxiang in Zhili by Empress Dowager Cixi in early June. According to the situation of the Boxer Rebellion, it is mainly determined. Before Cixi declared war, she resolutely reported to her that the Boxer Rebellion was loyal and brave, and that God could help her and make use of it, but Zhao Shuqiao only said: Boxers are not important? . The meaning is not clear, that is, they have no rules and no effect, so they don't need to use them? It doesn't matter. And then what?
Or they are meaningless to the government, right? It doesn't matter. And then what? When Li Hongzhang, Liu Kunyi and Zhang Zhidong discussed Zhao Shuqiao's punishment opinions, they all interceded with representatives of foreign powers and consuls of various countries.
Britain and Japan agreed not to kill Zhao, but Valdes insisted on not killing Zhao. Yuan Shikai stressed the need to protect the clan society and the two palaces, and was wronged! Therefore, Zhao was sentenced to death. But before and after Zhao Shuqiao's execution, the bureaucrats who went to Xi 'an all thought that the country was a high official and there was no conclusive charge. So he said that killing him was a scandal. As a result, everyone gathered in one place and talked about it in succession, which was likely to be a mutiny and rebellion. Empress Dowager Cixi herself said:? Zhao Shuqiao didn't support the Boxers? . But under the pressure of imperialism, she had to be a foreigner's eagle dog. After Zhao's death, Cen Chunxuan took a job, and Mrs Zhao hanged herself.
On February 26th, he killed Shangshu Qixiu and Assistant Minister Xu Chengyu in the execution ground of Beijing Caishikou. They were all arrested when the allied forces entered Beijing in August 1900, and they were all killed later.
Duan Zaiyi knew that foreigners would not forgive himself, but because he was a trusted maharaja of the Qing royal family, he might not be beheaded. However, G8 officials and foreign ministers all called him the first criminal. Therefore, thinking about it day and night is on pins and needles. When the proclamation was sent to the extreme to be exiled, he was overjoyed and said that it was the emperor's idea. What are we waiting for? Go to Xinjiang quickly! ?
Dong Fuxiang, did you hear that? Dissolve? After the commandment, I was indignant. He said:? I, Dong, am a soldier. All I know is to obey orders and direct the war. What crime? ? Especially for Rong Lu. According to the biographies of historians, he wrote a letter of protest to Rong Lu before he left. I feel very confused about being removed from office this time. I am a soldier enchanted by you, and I obey your command in all my actions. You urged me to do everything from besieging the embassy to stopping the allied forces. When I was considering whether it was appropriate to attack embassies with guns, you ordered that day: Struggle against foreigners and share weal and woe. ? I am a warrior, but I was dismissed today, and you are sitting in the position of prime minister. What is the reason? Now that my officers and men have dispersed, everyone is unwilling to obey. They all want to ask you what to do. ? After receiving the letter, Rong Lu was really afraid that Dong Futong would come to you with his troops, and he was so scared that he couldn't eat for several days. Later, Ce Fuxiang returned to his hometown and felt at ease again.
In fact, where did Dong Fuxiang know that Rong Lu ordered him to attack the allied forces, which was forced by Cixi at that time? Declare war? , had to be ordered. In fact, Rong Lu, as commander-in-chief of Wu Weijun, has been attacking foreign devils in vain, killing the Boxer Rebellion. If it weren't for Rong Lu's protection of embassies, how could it not be attacked for several months? Although the imperialists don't like Rong Lu very much, they can still tell the truth. Therefore, there is a good reason why the fake commander-in-chief was promoted to Prince Taibao and Mandarin University, and the real executor was dismissed and driven back to his hometown.
The first batch proposed by imperialism? The culprit? That's it. The powers are not satisfied, but according to the so-called priests and parishioners from all over the world? Evidence? , lists the provinces? A criminal? The list is 144. As usual, the Qing government ordered foreigners to punish more than 100 military and political officials in various provinces. Some of these people were executed, some were sent to serve in remote areas, and some were dismissed from office and never used again. Most of them are convicted by one person and the whole family sits together. Their? There is only one charge, that is, hating the invaders. Some of these officials were simply framed and falsely accused by priests and parishioners. Even if it does exist? Sin? That happens to be some patriots with anti-aggression ideas within the ruling class. Imperialism severely punished those elements within the ruling class in China who dared to resist, so that the Qing government could only take orders from now on and turned the reactionary government in China into a foreign court. This is one of the important signs that China has officially become a semi-colonial society.
While punishing the Qing government's treason, the powers also tried their best to force China to pay reparations. The demands and struggles of various countries for reparations have reached an endless level. William told Wadsworth before coming to China? Should China be required to pay compensation? . So Germany offered China 720 million taels of silver as compensation, and other countries also pressed for it, so as to plunder China's silver and strengthen their economic strength. But at that time, China was plundered by imperialism and its financial resources dried up. The annual fiscal revenue is about 80 million yuan, while the expenditure exceeds 1 100 million yuan. If the amount of extortion is too large, it will definitely fail. Therefore, after repeated quarrels, imperialism finally put forward the figure of 450 million. Qing government? Measure China's material resources? Knowing that this huge compensation can't be paid at all, I beg for a discretionary reduction. However, the powers were frightened and had to bow their heads and admit it.
After the great powers succeeded in extorting reparations from China, they held a big banquet to celebrate each other. 190 1 in the evening of may 1 1, French commander Foley and minister beauvoir hosted a banquet in the palace, bringing together ministers, commanders and allied commanders from eight countries, including wadhi. Representatives of Li Hongzhang, Yi Kuang and China were also invited to attend. The banquet began with a burst of western music, and the French general first made a toast. In a provocative and sarcastic tone, he brazenly attacked China's anti-aggression movement and ironically clarified the incompetence of the government? Resist Action, touting allied aggression. Subsequently, the robbers held knives and forks at the same time, howling and barking, and munching. Li Hongzhang does not eat or drink, but only smokes his cigarettes. When the robbers and robbers danced wildly, even the fussy Qing emperor Yi Zhen realized that the foreign adults were so filthy and disorderly in the emperor's ancestral hall, which greatly humiliated the souls of their ancestors, so his latosolic red wine face was hung with purple shame, and he could not help sighing softly: The Qing Dynasty is over!