Yong Zhengdi (16781February13-17351kloc-0/October 8), Manchu, was the fifth emperor of the Qing dynasty, the third emperor after entering the customs, and the third emperor of the Qing dynasty. During the Yongzheng period, the rebellion of Zangdanjin in Luobu was put down, the military department was established to strengthen the imperial power, and a series of iron-fisted reform policies such as "returning farmland to the stream" and "returning fire to consume the people" were implemented, which played a key role in the continuation of the prosperous period of Kanggan. After his death, the hall number was Sejong, and posthumous title: Jing Tianchang, Yun Jianzhong, Wu Yingming, Kuan Renxin, Yi Rui, Sheng Daxiao and Cheng Xiandi were buried in Qing Xiling and Qing Tailing.

Historical evaluation:

Emperor Kangxi: "Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Prince Yong, is of noble character and deeply bows to me."

Zhao Kuangyin: "After thirteen years in office, the Emperor Xian was worried about work day and night, and he had no entertainment in civil engineering. I tasted the opinions of the officials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and consulted the old files. During the Yongzheng period, only four shrines of wind, cloud, thunder and rain were specially built to prepare for praying for rain. At the beginning, there were no special buildings for tourists to leave the palace. Therefore, at that time, the country was rich and rich, and they were good. "

"Qing Draft": "The sage's politics is wide, and Sejong is strict. Critics are compared to literature and scenery in the Han Dynasty. The friendship between Kong and Huai alone is questionable. However, the rebellion in Huainan is hard to blame, and it is not entirely out of gratitude to Emperor Wen. The emperor's pursuit of the rule of law made officials especially tired. Recently, many ministers have said that all the counties have entered, so it is appropriate to take it. He scolded him and said,' I'm not a princess, so I hate to know the princess's difficulties?' To tell the truth, you can say that you know politicians!

Plambeck: "The ability to control the imperial power and the beauty of the article are also full of praise, and the folding of his official approval is particularly interesting. His orders are thousands of words, based on a pen, and the facts are clear. It can be described as very talented! "

DUHED: "Although Yong Zhengdi rarely acts like a Catholic supporter, his tireless enthusiasm for political affairs is commendable. For the well-being of people all over the world, he worked day and night to reform political abuses. The greatest pleasure you can bring to Yong Zhengdi is to put forward a good plan to improve people's welfare and ease the pressure of people's lives; He will do his best to put the plan into practice as soon as possible at all costs. He formulated a series of policies to promote virtue and reward good deeds, so that officials could follow Yong Zhengdi's example (frugal style) and help people tide over difficulties in famine years. These excellent qualities have enabled Yong Zhengdi to win the support and love of the people of the whole country in the shortest time. "

Voltaire: "The new yongzheng emperor loves the law and pays more attention to public welfare than his father. No one in the emperor spared no effort to encourage farming more than he did. He attaches great importance to these 100 skills, which are indispensable to the national economy and people's livelihood. Farmers in all provinces are selected as the most industrious, capable and filial by the governors of their counties, and can even be named eight-product officials. As an official, there is no need for farmers to give up his fruitful farming and engage in the criminal name Qian Gu, which he does not understand. "

Quesnay: Emperor Kangxi's successor (Yongzheng) made various laws and regulations, which helped to establish the concept of respecting farmers. In addition to setting an example by plowing and sowing seeds himself, he also ordered the governors of various cities to select excellent farmers who are intensive, honest and clean, and well managed every year, and upgrade them to the eighth grade, enjoying high reputation and commensurate privileges. "

Shi Jingqian: "Kangxi, the father of Yongzheng, was politically undisciplined. At the end of his reign, disturbed by the dispute between Chu and Li, the ruling ability of a typical long-lived emperor deteriorated. At the beginning of Yongzheng's accession to the throne, there was a crisis of bureaucratic expansion and corruption and the deterioration of farmers' living standards in Manchu. As Yongzheng was in the mature stage of political experience, spirit and personality (45 years old) when he ascended the throne, he was able to accurately analyze the problems and respond boldly. His reform also includes efforts to rectify and compromise with reality (such as returning fire consumption to the public and saving money). "

Dao Ye Junshan: "After the emperor inherited Kangxi's frugality and broad vision, he cleaned it up a little and laid the foundation for the finance of the Qing Dynasty. The finance in the prosperous period was also given by the real emperor. For example, farming, Kangxi farming, Yongzheng planting, and dry harvest. "

Xiao Yishan: "Sejong is resolute and clear-sighted, which is purely a politician's demeanor. He is honest in law, upright in official conduct, rich in treasures and generous in life. If it can last forever, it can transform a positive nature for China's politics, sweep away the negative thoughts of inaction for hundreds of years, and the society will not stagnate. Unfortunately, it is too urgent to seek medical treatment, and it is not easy to gain social understanding, which leads to the legend of violent collapse. " "Sejong's ability to govern the country is unique. He is responsible for his fame and will be punished for his own merits. He has a good reputation and has made contributions to the country. He is called Emperor Wenjing. "

Meng Sen: "Since ancient times, the diligent king has never reached Sejong." "To the sages and philosophers, there is no education, only the world to govern the country, only high, good name, state-owned merit. Then heaven is kind, and the great cause suits this person. Although there are doubts about the succession, it is also Tang Zongzhi's rebellious psychology. "

Feng Erkang: "Yongzheng himself was a monarch who contributed to the historical development of China. The Yongzheng Dynasty, which was initiated by Kangxi and ruled by Qianlong, made the three dynasties of Kang Yong develop continuously and became the heyday of the Qing Dynasty. More importantly, Yongzheng's policy to solve the population tax problem is a great pioneering work in the ancient history of China, and it is determined to eliminate the accumulated disadvantages left over from hundreds of years of history. The policy of returning to the public and keeping the bank clean is of great significance to modern financial budget and financial management. In ancient history, the two tax laws were implemented in the Tang Dynasty, and Zhang was whipped in the Ming Dynasty, which was highly respected by people. Yongzheng's economic policy is worse than theirs. Looking at the historical position of Yongzheng, he should be an outstanding emperor in ancient history. "

Yang: "Kangxi is magnanimous and broad-minded. If Yongzheng hadn't brought order out of chaos, Manchu would have declined long ago. " "Some people say that he guessed Yin Zhi, whether so or not, but he was diligent in ordinary politics for thirteen years and made certain contributions to politics. This is a fact, but the period was too short and he died suddenly, leaving unfinished tasks; Even if it has been implemented, it has caused abuses because of the "death of political interests." As the testamentary edict said,' I am not ashamed of my unfulfilled wishes'. If he lived eleven years as his father Kangxi did, the political situation would be different; If you have lived for 3 1 year like your son Gan Long, the political changes are great, which is self-evident-exaggerating, and perhaps changing the fate of China. "

Saburofu: "As the saying goes, most of the foundations of the dynasty were established in the third generation, and Yong Zhengdi was the third generation monarch after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. It has a foundation of more than 200 years in the Qing Dynasty and was laid by Yongzheng. "

Lin: "In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, strictness, accountability, rectification and financial cleaning have greatly corrected the shortcomings of leniency since Kangxi. Yongzheng used to be honest and honest, and officials were law-abiding. The prosperity of bureaucracy was the highest in the Qing Dynasty, which was only seen in previous dynasties. "

Yang Zhen: "Yong Zhengdi was in office for only 13 years, but through a series of drastic reforms, he quickly reversed the situation of serious accumulated disadvantages and hindered social development in the later period of Kangxi. On this basis, Kanggan can enter its heyday, and the politics, economy and culture of China traditional society can reach its peak. In this century-long historical process, Yong Zhengdi's role as a link between the past and the future is indispensable. From the perspective of his short reign, but his political achievements are no less than those of other famous kings in history, it is even more difficult for Yong Zhengdi. "

Guo Fuxiang: "Yong Zhengdi in Qing Dynasty is a legend in history. His outstanding talent, strong personality, legendary political career and contradictory thoughts left a deep impression on people. "

Feng Zuozhe: "Yong Zhengdi is an outstanding pragmatic politician."

Liu Guilin: "The talent shown by Sejong in the early days of Qing Dynasty was extraordinary. His energy, diligence and ability are beyond the reach of ordinary people. "

Nan huaijin: "In the 80 years since the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, there has been a literary chapter, which is no less than any Hanlin bachelor's degree;" Talking about Zen is not inferior to the Zen master Yong Zhengdi. His way of governing the country makes people dare not cheat, nor can they cheat. Sue has powerful people in it, and she doesn't shy away from her relatives and friends. Standing outside the country is like the scorching sun. With this, of course, it can make the inside and outside solemn, and who dares to compete with it. He really laid the foundation of the Qing Dynasty and gave it to his descendants. It can really be regarded as a generation of wizards among emperors who decided to be emperors in previous dynasties, and also the only professional emperors in previous dynasties. "

Yi Zhongtian: "He is really mean, but he is not ungrateful;" Ruthlessness is really cruel, but it is not heartless. Yongzheng's statement that there was no official and unclear at one time may be exaggerated, but it is a fair evaluation of Yongzheng's governance. Yongzheng is undoubtedly a man of great personality and an outstanding figure. He is full of emotion, strong-willed, firm-willed, sharp-eyed and energetic. "

The Japanese also respect and admire Yong Zhengdi, calling Yong Zhengdi a "kind gentleman".