In this issue, Intelligent Internal Reference recommends the report "Huawei HarmonyOS System Deep Research" of Industrial Securities, which comprehensively analyzes HarmonyOS system from the aspects of system background of HarmonyOS, details of open source technology and industrial chain ecosystem.
Original title:
In-depth study of Huawei HarmonyOS system
Author: unspecified
HarmonyOS system background, generally speaking, there are six kinds:
1. Digital background: The arrival of the new digital era needs a new operating system;
2.IoT and 5G: With the advent of the 5G Internet of Things era, new requirements are put forward for the operating system;
3. China faces the "stuck neck" challenge: independent research and development of operating system is an urgent need;
4. The rise of artificial intelligence: AIoT scenario naturally needs intelligent cooperation of multiple devices and an operating system suitable for all types of machines;
5. Big data and cloud computing: TB and PB-level big data need an operating system that can provide multi-machine interconnection;
6. Global information security is facing challenges: cyber security threats are diversified, complicated, frequent and high-frequency, and need an adequate security system to protect them.
By the time HarmonyOS appeared, the operating system had gone through four generations: Unix, Windows/Mac/Linux, iOS/Android and HarmonyOS /Fuchsia.
Fuchsia is an open source system based on zircon microkernel independently developed by Google, which can run on mobile phones, computers, smart home appliances and other hardware products.
Google's expected development of Fuchsia is to replace Android and Chrome OS and unify them into one operating system.
Compared with Android, HarmonyOS system and Android are both developed based on Linux, Android is designed based on macro kernel structure, and HarmonyOS system is designed based on micro kernel structure. HarmonyOS system is written in C and C++, and there is no intermediate process of virtual machine, so it runs more efficiently.
Compared with iOS, iOS and HarmonyOS are both operating systems dedicated to the Internet of Everything. The bottom layer of iOS is based on Unix and closed source, while the HarmonyOS system is based on Lmux and open source.
Global operating system mode
In 20 12, Huawei began to lay out its own distributed operating system for fear that it would be difficult to maintain production after Google cut off its supply.
2065438+On May 5, 2009 15, Huawei was included in the so-called "entity list", and Google's Android service GMS blocked Huawei.
With the rapid development of 5G and the arrival of the Internet of Things era, the layout many years ago made Huawei seize the best development period.
Development history of HarmonyOS system
Generally speaking, the advantage of HarmonyOS system technology at this stage is openness, and the disadvantage is ecology. The system has advantages in distributed deployment, time delay and fluency, but it has the biggest disadvantage.
Establishing a mature ecology is the key to the survival and success of HarmonyOS system.
Technically, HarmonyOS system uses microkernel architecture. The kernel is the most basic component in the operating system, so the design of the kernel also has a vital impact on the external characteristics of the operating system.
Common kernel structures can be divided into macro kernel, micro kernel, mixed kernel and external kernel.
Micronucleus is a relatively new kernel structure, but it has many excellent characteristics that macro kernel does not have, attracting many researchers.
Comparison between Micronucleus and Meganucleus
Microkernel architecture includes two types of components: core system and plug-in module. The core system is responsible for general functions and does not change with business changes.
Plug-in module is responsible for implementing specific business, which can be changed and expanded according to business changes.
Microkernel architecture mode can add the functions of other applications as plug-ins to the core applications, thus providing scalability, functional separation and independence of applications.
Microkernel architecture usually has the following characteristics: high overall agility, easy deployment, high testability, excellent functional performance, strong expansibility and difficult development.
System design of HarmonyOS system
Another advantage of HarmonyOS system architecture is that hardware mutual assistance and resource sharing among various and numerous devices can be realized by relying on technologies such as distributed soft bus, distributed device virtualization, distributed data management and distributed task scheduling.
Distributed Data Management
Distributed soft bus
Distributed device virtualization
The original intention of HarmonyOS system design is to meet the high-standard link requirements of full-scene intelligent experience, and it can adapt to various terminal devices such as mobile phones, tablets, televisions, smart cars and wearable devices. And will build the next generation operating system of intelligent society with the Internet of Everything in the future.
The Present and Future Architecture of HarmonyOS System
Technically, HarmonyOS system has the characteristics of one-time development and multi-terminal deployment.
In the framework layer of HarmonyOS OS, there are user program framework, capability framework and UI framework. They can support the reuse of business logic and interface logic of multi-terminal devices, thus improving the development efficiency of cross-device applications.
Another feature is a unified operating system and flexible deployment. Harmonyos OS makes it possible for various types of equipment to choose appropriate deployment schemes according to their needs through component and miniaturization design methods.
HarmonyOS system supports a variety of component configuration schemes: 1, which supports the selection of components. Components do not need to be deployed, and appropriate components can be selected as needed.
2. Support the configuration of function sets in components, which can be selectively configured for components according to requirements;
3. Support the configuration of function sets within components, and you can selectively configure function sets for components according to requirements.
Besides micronucleus, another selling point of HarmonyOS system is Ark compiler. Ark compiler can easily transplant Android applications to HarmonyOS system.
Ark compiler is a compiler platform independently developed by Huawei. It will transform the inefficient operation mode explained and executed in front of it into an efficient operation mode of compiling Java, C, C++ and other codes into machine code at one time, and realize the unification of multiple languages at the same time.
According to Huawei's official data, Ark compiler can improve operating system fluency by 24%, system responsiveness by 44% and tripartite application fluency by 60%.
At present, Huawei's business can be divided into four parts: consumer business, operator business, enterprise business and cloud service. The four parts develop together to form Huawei's ecological strategic layout.
Huawei ecology
The ecosystem of HarmonyOS system can be summarized as 1+8+n, and the core of 1+8+N strategy is 1, that is, smart phones. As the core part of HarmonyOS's system ecology, smart phones provide corresponding communication support for other equipment terminals through Kirin chips developed by Huawei Hisilicon.
It is precisely because of the importance of mobile phones in the Internet of Everything scene that Huawei always aims to be the first in the global mobile phone market.
8 refers to PC, tablet, smart screen, speaker, glasses, watches, cars and headphones. These eight items will be developed by Huawei personally and participate in the market to pursue market leadership.
N refers to peripheral intelligent hardware such as camera, sweeper and intelligent weighing scale, covering five scene modes: mobile office, smart home, sports health, audio-visual entertainment and intelligent travel.
These oil fields were jointly developed with the partners of HarmonyOS System Ecology Company. In the process of cooperation, HarmonyOS System Ecology will provide technical platforms such as HiLink protocol standard, HiAI components and Lite OS, and open the operating system of HarmonyOS system.
August 20 19, the world's first glory smart screen equipped with Huawei HarmonyOS system was officially released.
As the first terminal product equipped with HarmonyOS system at that time, Glory Smart Screen broke through the concept of traditional TV. It is equipped with three chips independently developed by Huawei, such as Honghu 8 18 smart chip and a lifting artificial intelligence camera. Huawei's system-level video calling function is built in, which creates a new way of interaction between big screen and mobile phone. In addition to smart home, it can also realize smart double projection, magic flash projection, magic screen control and other functions.
HarmonyOS OS+ Smart Screen
In April, 20021year, Huawei HarmonyOS OS intelligent cockpit was officially released.
HarmonyOS OS car operating system is a car-oriented operating system, which is on the same platform as the mobile phone. HarmonyOS OS intelligent cockpit is equipped with many applications, such as one core, multi-screen, multi-user concurrency, runtime certainty guarantee, distributed peripherals, vehicle-mounted network, multi-components and so on. , and provide differentiated startup and recovery, extremely fast startup, multi-user switching, sound field control, multi-component cooperation and other functions.
HarmonyOS OS smart ship can be upgraded and applied in time. Based on its HMS-Automotive platform, developers can provide better service and application experience, and realize the whole scene collaboration among people, cars and families.
HarmonyOS OS+ Intelligent Cockpit
At the same time, the HOS-A subsystem is developed for the increment of vehicle scenes, which can realize the functions of account number, multi-mode input, user program framework, meta-capability framework, multimedia, public communication, vehicle service start-up and recovery, etc. , so that autopilot, navigation, video, music, calls and other services can be seamlessly switched between the intelligent cockpit and other devices, making intelligent driving simple, interesting and enjoyable.
At the press conference, it was revealed that at present, the intelligent driving ecological platform has been supported by 30+ hardware ecological partners and 50+ application ecological partners. In the future, HarmonyOS OS will continue to increase its openness and cooperation with the automotive and application fields, and work with the industrial chain to create the ultimate experience of intelligent driving.
In July 2020, Yu Chengdong, CEO of Huawei's consumer business, and Fang Hongbo, Chairman of Midea Group, formally signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement, and the two sides reached an "all-round strategic cooperation relationship" in the field of smart home.
In April, 20021year, as the first batch of household appliances supporting HarmonyOS system, Midea's domestic intelligent steaming oven S5mini was put on the market. The intelligent steamer is equipped with Huawei HarmonyOS system and HarmonyOS system with one-button connection, which can quickly complete the distribution network.
After the successful network distribution, the mobile phone will automatically jump to the lightweight product page built in HarmonyOS system, where users can get customized recipes to match products, prepare ingredients according to the recipes, and then start the machine with one button, and the machine can automatically cook.
Wisdom believes that the ultimate competition of digital commerce is ultimately the competition of operating systems. Apple, Google and Microsoft, the top three companies in the world, all have a common operating system. In the long run, the launch of HarmonyOS system determines whether we can get the fourth operating system ticket in the heterogeneous computing era.