Beethoven is one of the greatest musicians in Germany and is known as a musical saint. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn and his ancestral home is Flanders. I studied music with my father since I was a child, and I showed my talent in music very early. When I was eight years old, I began to perform on the stage. At the age of seventeen, the Bonn court sponsored him to go to Vienna, and it was at this time that he had a brief contact with Mozart. It is recognized as the most like Beethoven's portrait.
From 65438 to 0792, under the guidance of Haydn, he went to Vienna, the city of music, for further study, and made rapid progress in art, creating a large number of outstanding works full of the flavor of the times, such as symphonies Hero, Destiny and Pastoral Symphony. Overture Egmont; Piano music pathos, moonlight music, storm, enthusiasm, dawn and so on. He combined the achievements of classical music and opened up the road of romantic music, which played a decisive role in the development of world music. He is a creative composer. The greatest musician, composer, pianist and conductor in Germany. One of the representatives of Vienna classical music school, he was called "the three outstanding men of Vienna" by later generations together with Haydn and Mozart. He, Michelangelo and lev tolstoy all experienced various hardships in their lives. French writer romain rolland wrote a Who's Who book based on their lives. When Beethoven 19 years old, the French Revolution broke out, which brought Beethoven the hope of freedom, equality and love. During the four years from 1796 to 1800, Beethoven's ears rang day and night, which was a sign of deafness. Beethoven's hearing began to weaken at the age of 26, and he was deaf in middle age. His music works include Moonlight Sonata and Symphony No.5 in C minor. All his nine symphonies were premiered in Vienna. 1805, his only opera Federio also premiered in vienna state opera. Beethoven is regarded by later generations as the greatest symphony writer of all time. His heroic symphony is full of passion. His ninth symphony is based on German poet Schiller's Ode to Joy, and now it has become Beethoven's parents.
Song of the European Union. Beethoven had a rough life. At the age of twenty-six, his hearing gradually declined, and at the age of forty-five, he was completely deaf and could only talk to people through a conversation book. However, the lonely life did not make him silent and retired. In the feudal restoration era when all progressive thoughts were banned, he still adhered to the political belief of "freedom, equality and fraternity". Through his speeches and works, he shouted for * * * and ideals, reflecting the revolutionary enthusiasm of the bourgeoisie against feudalism and for democracy at that time, and wrote the immortal Ninth Symphony. Influenced by the Enlightenment in18th century and the hurricane movement in Germany, his works are distinctive in personality and have made great progress compared with his predecessors. In music performance, he almost involved all the music schools at that time; Greatly improve the expressive force of the piano and make it obtain a symphonic dramatic effect; It also makes symphony an important music form that directly reflects social changes. His major works include nine symphonies (the most famous are The Third Hero, The Fifth Symphony of Destiny, The Sixth Pastoral Symphony, The Ninth Ode to Joy) and the opera Federio.
Edit this passage in Beethoven's life
Genius born
Beethoven was born in a poor family in Bonn, Germany on1770 65438+February 65438+June. Beethoven's father was a tenor in the local court choir. He is mediocre and addicted to alcohol. His grandfather is the music director of the Bonn Palace Orchestra, and his mother is the daughter of a court chef. She was a kind and docile woman who was tortured by life after marriage and died at the age of 17. Beethoven is the second of seven children. Beethoven became the eldest son because his eldest brother died young. Most of the time, his father was drunk, never kind to his family, and never even asked if his family had enough food and clothing. At first, a kind grandfather can save this family from too much suffering; On the other hand, his eldest grandson's musical talent also greatly gratified the old man and gave him a name. But when little Beethoven was 3 years old, his grandfather died. Beethoven's father used to drag the child to the keyboard and let him practice there for hours, slapping him whenever he played wrong. Neighbors often hear children sobbing to sleep because of fatigue and pain. Soon, Faifr, a poor traveling musician, came to this town and was taken to Beethoven's home. He and old Beethoven used to drink in the pub outside until midnight, and then went home to drag little Ludwig out of bed and start classes, sometimes until dawn. To make him look like a child prodigy, his father lied about his age. When I was eight, I took him out to a concert when I was six. But there are no child prodigies in the world. Despite a lot of efforts, the old Beethoven never turned his son into another young Mozart. Compared with Mozart, Beethoven's childhood was too unfortunate. Mozart received a good education in his childhood, and his training time was pleasant and quiet. He had a loving father and a beloved sister. Beethoven, on the other hand, won the respect of his hometown people for his performance, but his world-wide travel performance was far less amazing than Mozart's.
Musical prodigy
His mother married a footman for the first time, and after her husband died, she remarried to Beethoven's father. This kind of life deprived Beethoven of his right to go to school. He has a musical talent since he was a child, which made his father want to cultivate him into a musical prodigy like Mozart, and forced him to learn piano and violin since he was a child. He scolded Beethoven and forced Beethoven, a Bedouin, to take a silhouette at the age of 16.
Finn has been practicing harpsichord and violin all day since he was 4 years old. At the age of eight, he began to perform in concerts and tried to compose music. At the age of eight, Beethoven made his debut and achieved great success. He is called the second Mozart. However, his music education in this period has been very chaotic and unsystematic.
Learn from the master
/kloc-can play freely at the age of 0/2, and began to learn composition under the guidance of organist Ni Fu (1748- 1798). It was then that he began to formally learn music from Neve. Nifu is a versatile musician. He broadened Beethoven's artistic horizons, familiarized him with some excellent examples of German classical art, and consolidated Beethoven's understanding of lofty goals. Beethoven's formal study and systematic upbringing actually began with Neve's careful teaching and training: Neve also instructed him to teach Mozart in Vienna from 65438 to 0787. 1 1 published his first work, Variations on the Piano. At the age of 13, he joined the court band as an organist and an ancient pianist. After arriving in Vienna from 65438 to 0787, he began to study composition with Mozart and Haydn. At first, Mozart wanted to see his ability to play music. After listening to his performance, Mozart predicted that Beethoven would shake the world one day. Beethoven received the news of his mother's death shortly after he arrived in Vienna, and he had to go back to Bonn at once. Due to the drag of his family, he didn't come to Vienna for the second time until his father died in the autumn of 1792, but Mozart was already dead. After Beethoven came to Vienna for the second time, he quickly won the title of the most outstanding performer in Vienna (especially improvisation). After that, he studied under Haydn, Schenk, Ablisberg and salieri. He contacted many famous professors, writers and musicians at that time through his association with Bonn intellectual Brenin, and was influenced by the trend of thought of "hurricane movement" from them. His democratic thought was mature a few years before the French Revolution, but it developed rapidly in the revolutionary era. 1789 The thought of French bourgeois revolution and progress inspired him a lot and laid the curtain for his humanistic world. -I firmly believe in human equality, pursue justice and individual freedom, and hate the oppression of feudal autocracy. Although the three famous composers of Vienna Classical Music School lived in similar times, Beethoven's thoughts obviously did not belong to the same "era" as Haydn and Mozart. Haydn was humiliated all his life. Although he is occasionally provoked, he always leaves his fate to chance. At that time, progressive literary thoughts and revolutionary emotions rarely excited him, and his music was always insulated from struggle. Mozart suffered no less mental pain than Haydn. He dared to resist, preferring poverty to endure the insult of the archbishop. But in his music, from behind the joy full of sunshine and youthful vitality, we can often feel a trace of pain, melancholy and sadness. Only Beethoven, who not only angrily opposed the autocratic feudal system, but also called on people to fight for freedom and happiness with his music. Beethoven's creations in Bonn (1782- 1792) are mostly small piano pieces, duets and songs. It can be said that he was still in the preparatory stage of creation during this period. During his first ten years in Vienna (1792- 1802), his famous works were Sorrow, Moonlight, Croce Sonata, Piano Concerto No.3 and so on. However, during this period, he had a further understanding of social and political issues, and he could also achieve the goal he tried to explore. 1802- 18 12 years, his creation entered a mature period, which later became his "heroic era". 1800 years, after his first victory, a bright future appeared in front of Beethoven. But for three or four years, a terrible thing kept tormenting him, and Beethoven found himself deaf. Beethoven loved practicing the piano, but for a musician, nothing is more terrible than hearing loss. So people can understand the heartbreaking pain in the adagio movement of his early piano sonata. Beethoven's heart is always full of enthusiasm, but his enthusiasm is very unfortunate. He always experienced hope and enthusiasm, disappointment and resistance alternately, which undoubtedly became his source of inspiration. 180 1 year, Beethoven fell in love with Giulietta GuiCadil, and he dedicated the Moonlight Sonata to her. But Giulietta Gui Cadil, who doesn't understand amorous feelings, doesn't understand his noble soul. 1803 Giulietta GuiCadil married the Earl of Galenburg, which is a desperate moment. He wrote a suicide note.
Compose a symphony
He walked out of the gloom and wrote a cheerful and optimistic second symphony. After that, more and better music appeared in his works. Symphony No.3 (Hero), Symphony No.5 (Destiny) and Symphony No.6 (Pastoral), as well as beautiful and cheerful violin concertos and colorful piano concertos and sonatas. The mature process of Beethoven's creative activities seems to be quite slow on the surface, but in fact it is very smooth. He didn't write his first symphony until he was thirty, but Mozart had written about forty symphonies at this age. Beethoven began to feel his hearing was getting weaker and weaker from 1796, but it was not until 180 1 that he was convinced that his ear disease was incurable and told his friends about it. However, his love for art and life overcame his personal pain and despair-suffering became the source of his creative power. At the peak of such a spiritual crisis, he began to write his optimistic hero symphony. The Heroic Symphony marks the turning point of Beethoven's spirit and the beginning of the heroic era. In the later period of Beethoven's stay in Vienna, because Europe was experiencing a serious period of political reaction, that is, the period when metternich's reactionary rule was particularly rampant, his creation also experienced a temporary decline (1813-1817). From 18 18, in the last ten years of Beethoven's life (18 18- 1827), he still wrote the ninth symphony (chorus) with great perseverance, even though he was completely deaf, his health deteriorated, his life was poor and his spirit was poor. This work created his ideal world. Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26th, 1827. He died without a relative by his side, but when he was buried on the 29th of the same month, a mass wave formed. All schools were closed to express their condolences, and 20,000 people escorted his coffin. His tombstone is engraved with the inscription of the Austrian poet Greer Bache (179 1- 1872): "When you stand on his coffin, we can only tell people like him that he has achieved great things ..." Beethoven is one of the greatest composers in the world art history. His creation embodies his giant personality and reflects the progressive thought of that era. His image of revolutionary heroism can be used as "through suffering-towards joy; Win through struggle. " His works are magnificent, simple and distinctive, rich in music content and easy to be understood and accepted by the audience. Beethoven's music embodies the pain, joy, struggle and victory of the people of his time, so it always inspires people in the past and inspires their fighting spirit, and even now it makes people feel kind and inspiring.
The great man passed away.
1826 65438+Beethoven had a bad cold in February, which led to pulmonary edema. 1827 On March 26th, Beethoven finally swallowed his last breath because of liver disease. Before his death, there was a sudden snowstorm and thunder rumbled. It seemed that even heaven was mourning the death of this great musician! Beethoven's funeral was very grand. More than 20 thousand people automatically followed the coffin, and his body was buried in St. Max cemetery. A year later, Schubert died. According to his last wish, he was buried next to Beethoven's tomb and never married. Beethoven, the great composer, lived only 57 years, and completed more than 100 works in his life. The main works include 9 symphonies; Dozens of orchestral music (Egmont overture is the most famous); 5 piano concertos and 1 violin concerto; 5 other concertos; 32 piano sonatas (passion, moonlight, sadness, dawn, storm, etc. Are the most famous); 80 chamber music; Opera 1 Frederio; Another play1; Mass 2 and many other works. Portrait of young Beethoven
Beethoven (5 pieces) Beethoven's piano
Yihua
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Beethoven statue
Beethoven didn't want to be the darling of the living room. He would rather stay in his own residence and be able to get in and out, get up, dress and eat at will. He likes to fiddle with trifles in the room according to his own interests. Once, in order to get some air and see the scenery outside the window, he deliberately cut off a piece of the window. He is always in trouble with the landlords and always walks around. Whenever he creates a climax, he always throws pots of water on his head to cool down until the water soaks through the downstairs room-we can imagine the feelings of the landlord and other tenants! Sometimes he moves so often that he doesn't even want to worry about putting his legs on the piano, but just sits on the floor and plays the piano. Because he has to sign a lease every time he rents a new house, indicating the lease period, he often pays the rent of four apartments at the same time. This undoubtedly made him spend more money, and the musician who had no savings was getting poorer and poorer.
Master talent
Fantasy sonata
Song of Moonlight, formerly known as Piano Sonata in C minor, is also called Fantasy Sonata and Fantasy Sonata, which was created by Beethoven in 1 1803.
80 1 This year is close to the maturity of Beethoven's creation. This work has three movements: the first movement, the theme of that sigh is integrated into his deaf and melancholy thoughts. The second movement shows that sweet dream in memory, and it is also like a blueprint for the future. Allegro in the third movement. The most beautiful thing about this work is the first movement, which reminds people of moonlight. This piano piece is called Moonlight Music because the German poet Ludwig Lairstadberg said, "After listening to the first movement of this piece, I think of Lake Lucerne in Switzerland and the bright moonlight rippling on the lake." Later, according to this passage, the publisher added the title of "Song of the Moonlight", and all kinds of legends about composers improvising in the moonlight became popular. In fact, it was not the bright moonlight that touched Beethoven's creation, but the painful mood of Beethoven and Juliet Gitchati (1784- 1856) after their first love failed. Juliet Gitchati is the earl's daughter, 14 years younger than Beethoven. They really love each other, and the gap in family status forced them to break up. After suffering this heavy blow, Beethoven poured all the inner pain and strong indignation caused by the feudal hierarchy into this passionate piano music. So, this song is dedicated to her. Perhaps Stasov (1824- 1906), a Russian art critic, is more reasonable in explaining this work. Recalling listening to Liszt's performance in Petersburg, he thought the sonata was a complete tragedy. The first movement was a state of mind full of tenderness and sometimes dark premonition. He had a similar impression when listening to anton rubinstein's performance: "... from a distance, as if from the depths of an invisible soul, a silent voice suddenly rose. Some voices are melancholy and full of infinite sadness; Others are meditative, with endless memories and gloomy omens ... ". Around the moonlight, there is a misinformed anecdote. In the last half century, a German music critic published an article saying that Beethoven's Piano Sonata in C sharp minor reminded him of "the moonlight rippling on Lake Lucerne in Switzerland". So the shrewd publisher invented a touching story entitled "Moonlight Music": "One night, Beethoven was walking in the suburbs of Vienna when he suddenly heard the sound of the piano, and it was his work. He went to the window of an old house and found a blind girl playing. Only after he entered the room did he know that she liked Beethoven's music very much. The composer was very moved. In the moonlight, he wrote this "Moonlight Song" ... ". This story is pure fiction. In fact, Beethoven wrote this work in 180 1 year. At that time, his deafness became more and more serious, and the pain of lovelorn had not been calmed down. He wrote this piano sonata with pain. This fictional story was later applied to "China People * * * and the text" Moonlight Song "in the first volume of the sixth grade Chinese textbook published by the National Primary School People's Education Edition. Ps: Beethoven wrote another moonlight sonata, but it is not the moonlight song as people refer to it.
Enthusiastic sonata creation
Schindler once asked Beethoven's sonata in D minor (Op. 312) and sonata in F minor (as the soundtrack cover of the heroic symphony).
No.57), Beethoven's answer is: "Please read Shakespeare's The Tempest." Therefore, the former is called "Sonata of Tempest", while the latter is named "Sonata of Passion" by Hamburg music publisher Crantz (1789- 1870). (On the other hand, the title of "Enthusiasm" was added by German pianist, violinist, composer and conductor Reineck (1824- 19 10), which seems unfounded. Beethoven didn't approve of the title "Enthusiasm", but for this heroic and magnificent work, the title is quite appropriate. Lenin, the teacher of proletarian revolution, once heard Russian composer and conductor Dobro Wan (1894- 1953) play this sonata in Moscow, and said, "I don't know what is better than the Sonata of Passion, and I am willing to listen to it every day. This is wonderful and unprecedented music. I always think with perhaps childish boast: what miracles can people create! " 18701On October 30th, Paris was surrounded by Prussian troops for more than three months during the Franco-Prussian War. Bismarck, the bloody prime minister, negotiated the armistice terms with thiers, the head of the French bourgeois government, in the stronghold of William, King of Prussia at Versailles. That night, Gaertel, the former German ambassador to Italy, played the Passion Sonata for Bismarck on an old piano at Versailles. After listening to the last movement, Bismarck said, "This is the cry of a whole generation." He understood Beethoven's "enthusiasm" from the standpoint of a bloodthirsty careerist. He once said: "If I can listen to this piece of music often, my courage will not run out" because "Beethoven is the best for my nerves". Beethoven said on June 29th, 180 1, "My art is used to improve the fate of the poor." If Beethoven knew what was underground and heard that his music was used by Bismarck, he must be dead.
Beethoven's friend
Melzer (1772— 1838) is famous for inventing and manufacturing mechanical musical instruments. 18 13 In the autumn, Beethoven wrote a war symphony entitled "Victory of Wellington" or "Battle of Victoria" for the universal piano invented by melzer, describing the scene that the British army defeated Napoleon in the northern Spanish city of Victoria on June 2 1 3 of the same year. On the basis of Winkle's invention (1776-1826), Meltzer once created today's universal metronome. Beethoven adopted it for the first time and marked the speed of his works according to the number of beats per minute. Beethoven's hearing AIDS were also made in melzer around 18 10. On one occasion, Beethoven Paimer took a trip, and he wrote that the richest man was a funny cannon to praise the creator of the holiday machine. This canon, which symbolizes the friendship between Beethoven and Meltzer, was later selected by Beethoven into his eighth symphony (Op. 93) and became the theme of the second movement. Schindler was a close friend of Beethoven in his later years.
Ba Le Yu No.7
Wagner called Beethoven's Seventh Symphony "the extreme of dance", "the highest form of dance" and "the most wonderful embodiment of body movement according to the ideal form". 1938, Russian choreographer Ma Xin made this symphony into a ballet to show an allegorical story-the creation and destruction of the world: the first movement: creation-under the guidance of creative spirit, the chaotic world became an orderly residence for animals and plants. There are men and women, and dangerous snakes. The second movement: the earth-hatred and rape appear on the earth. A group of men and women mourned the murdered teenager. The third movement: the sky-the gods and goddesses in the sky are indifferent to the riots on the ground and still enjoy themselves. The fourth movement: debauchery and destruction-people indulge in debauchery. God saw them clumsily imitate the joy of the upper world and destroy the world with fire because of anger. 1938 In May, this ballet was first performed by the Brazilian Ballet of Russia in Monte Carlo, Monaco.
An easy-to-forget supper.
One day, Beethoven came to a restaurant for dinner. After ordering food, he was suddenly inspired, so he grabbed the menu on the dining table and made a song on the back of the menu. After a while, he was completely immersed in the beautiful melody. Seeing Beethoven's devotion, the waiter didn't dare to disturb him, and planned to serve him later. About an hour later, the waiter finally came to Beethoven's side: "Sir, are you ready to serve?" Beethoven paid the bill as if he had just woken up from a dream. The waiter is a monk like Zhang Er-confused: "Sir, you haven't eaten yet!" ""no! I'm sure I've eaten. " Beethoven didn't listen to the waiter's repeated explanations at all. After paying the price on the menu, he grabbed the menu full of notes and rushed out of the restaurant.
Enter this country every day.
In his later years, Beethoven once heard a friend play his variations in C minor. After listening for a while, he asked, "Whose work is this?" "yours." The friend replied. "My? I wrote such a clumsy song? " Then he added, "Ah, Beethoven is a fool!" Goethe's evaluation of Schiller is completely applicable to Beethoven: "He is changing and growing every week. Every time I see him, I always feel that his knowledge, knowledge and opinions have improved compared with the last time. " Beethoven even tried to destroy the songs he wrote when he was young, Adelaide and Septet in E-flat Major (Op. 20). This is by no means accidental. Like Beethoven, it can really be said that "fifty knows forty-nine mistakes."
Make it impossible for opponents to copy.
Beethoven made friends with the Browning family in Bonn when he was 18 years old (1788). The daughter of this family is called Ereonole (1772-1841), and the son is called Rolenc (1777-65438+). 10, Beethoven left Bonn for Vienna. Because of a quarrel before he left, Beethoven didn't write to Errol for one year after he arrived in Vienna. 1793, he dedicated the title of his first work published in Vienna (some of which was written in Bonn) to Eleanor. This work is a variation on violin and piano with the theme of Figaro aria in the first act of Mozart's opera The Marriage of Figaro. 1793165438+10. On 2 October, Beethoven wrote a letter to Allen Noelle. At last, he talked about the technically difficult vibrato on the piano. He said, "Some people in Vienna will record my unique style after listening to my impromptu performance at night, and take it for themselves the next day. I wouldn't have written this kind of music if I hadn't seen through their behavior. I know their music will be published soon, so I decided to strike first. But I have another reason: I want to beat those Vienna pianists, some of whom are my sworn enemies. I want to repay them with this, because I expected that my variations would meet so-called gentlemen everywhere and make them look like a mess. " Soon after, Beethoven played this piece in public, showing his superb piano skills.
A rigorous attitude towards composition.
Mendelssohn once published a Beethoven manuscript. On this manuscript paper, there is a place that has been changed and changed, and twelve small pieces of paper have been posted. Mendelssohn opened these small pieces of paper one by one, and found that the innermost piece of paper (the initial idea) was exactly the same as the outermost piece of paper (the twelfth rewrite). At the beginning, Wang Anshi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty in China, took great pains and conceived dozens of schemes for the word "green" in the sentence "Spring breeze is greener in Jiang Nanan". It is precisely because of the creative spirit of outstanding artists at home and abroad that future generations can appreciate such touching works of art, and composing music is a very hard work for Beethoven. When he composed the opera Federio, he drafted ten opening lines for one of the choruses. People are familiar with the theme motivation of the first movement of the Symphony of Destiny, and more than a dozen different ideas have been found in his draft. Beethoven often takes a notebook with him, and he never forgets to record his sudden inspiration when he walks.
Edit the radical of this paragraph.
Beethoven and his predecessor, Haydn, the father of symphony, used to be Beethoven's teachers, but because of their different views, there are often differences between teachers and students. Haydn appreciates Beethoven's talent very much, but he can't tolerate Beethoven's bold and innovative spirit and unruly personality. So it's only a matter of time before they break up. Goethe and Beethoven met in Bohemia in 18 12 and spent a month together. Both of them left a deep impression on each other, but they didn't establish friendship. Beethoven admired Goethe's genius very much, but he could not tolerate some of Goethe's practices. One day, they went out for a walk together. On the way, I saw the Queen of Austria leading a group of royal family members and walking in the opposite direction with them. Goethe ignored Beethoven's repeated discouragement and immediately stood respectfully by the roadside. Beethoven said to Goethe, "You don't have to do this. The style of nobility is stupid, which only shows their mediocrity and incompetence. ..... They can pin the medal on anyone's chest, but this person will never get better. They may use seven or three products to make a person a civilian, but at any time they can't make Goethe or Beethoven ... "However, Goethe not only stood stiffly by the roadside, but also began to show a humble smile on his face. Beethoven realized that whatever he said was in vain. So he held his head high and walked on. As a result, after recognizing Beethoven, the queen and crown prince of Austria took the lead in paying tribute to Beethoven and took off their hats. When they passed by Goethe, Goethe had already taken off his hat and bowed, and even dared not lift his head. Afterwards, Beethoven said sadly to Goethe: "... you respect them too much." Even so, Beethoven still has great respect for Goethe. People found in the conversation book he used when he was completely deaf in his later years that he forbade others to talk about Goethe in a contemptuous tone; He once told people that he was willing to "sacrifice his life ten times" for Goethe. But Goethe can't forgive Beethoven all his life, and his attitude is cold and sometimes even ruthless, which is very puzzling.
After reading these, I believe you must think that Beethoven is not only a historical figure, but also a great historical figure. Thank you.