1, fertilization without watering, fruit trees pouting: orchard management mainly includes fertilization and watering. Fertilization and watering are inseparable. After the fertilizer is applied to the soil, the nutrient elements cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by the fruit trees, and the mineral nutrient elements must be converted into ionic states with the participation of water before being captured by the root system of the fruit trees, and then transported to the trees through transpiration, tension and root pressure. Fertilizing without watering is only equivalent to transferring fertilizer to a place for storage, and its fertilizer efficiency cannot be exerted. After fertilization, the soil moisture is good, and the fertilizer can be dissolved without watering or shallow pouring. When it is too dry, water it in time after fertilization, and the fertilizer can be used quickly. In production, most people regard fertilization and watering as two unrelated measures, and the phenomenon of "empty water" is more common. At present, the best management method is water and fertilizer integration.

2, boiled water road branches and leaves, open light road flowers and fruits fragrance: if fruit planting wants to grow trees, it is necessary to water more, and if it wants to bear fruit, it must have sufficient light. In the young tree stage, the big fat water can branch and propagate as soon as possible, laying a good foundation for building more fruiting parts; After the fruiting period, it is necessary to control watering, otherwise it will aggravate the vegetative growth and affect the fruit setting rate and yield. Orchard management is exquisite, and an important part of it is to thoroughly understand the yield potential of orchard, which depends on the photosynthetic capacity of fruit trees. The effective photosynthetic area is large, the trees are strong and the fruit yield is high, which is the basis of high yield and high quality in orchard. Light is an important factor to improve fruit quality.

Many twigs are treasures, but many big branches can't bear any fruit: young trees of apple trees and other fruit trees will flourish and new buds will grow greatly. Suitable branches can be selected from many branches to cultivate backbone branches; A large number of branches and a large number of leaves can improve light and ability and rapidly expand the crown; We can make full use of auxiliary branches to alleviate the tree vigor and promote its early fruit and high yield. Therefore, when pruning in winter, the fruit branches should be cleaned or updated in time.

4. Cutting down trees is easy to make a decision: Cutting down trees is mysterious in the minds of ordinary people, and people who can cut down trees are respected as capable people. Most people can't judge the tree potential and the branch potential. If you can't judge, you don't know whether to use combination pruning or split pruning. Will not judge the pruning reaction. I wonder where this pair of scissors will redistribute nutrients next year, where it is strong and where it is weak. I don't know the previous underground investment. The same pruning technique, the pruning reaction with large input will be different from that with small input.

5, often look at it often, the more you cut it, the more you will cut it: fruit tree pruning is undoubtedly a technical job. Technology is mainly manifested in the fact that when pruning, the brain is faster than the hand, and it is necessary to first judge which branch to cut and which branch to keep. Always watching others trim, instead of judging why they cut like this, they can only watch it often and often don't. Only by practicing on your own can you start more accurately and be more courageous. When pruning, it is necessary to judge both the overall tree potential and the branch potential of a branch; Both the relationship between adjacent trees and the reaction after pruning should be considered. We should not only consider the regulation of pruning on nutrition, but also consider the influence on fruit quantity and quality. Many fruit farmers don't cut down trees themselves, and they are used to paying others to help them cut them down. When others prune fruit trees, it is naturally difficult to do well without knowing your past and future investment and fertilization types. If you are in a hurry, you are afraid of wasting time, and you will not think so much, and the pruning effect is even worse. We advocate fruit farmers to prune themselves. Their orchards know best and judge pruning accurately, so the probability of making mistakes is very small. To learn to prune yourself, we must first understand the basic habits of fruit tree growth and master the basic essentials of pruning. You can trim it slowly at first, think more and do less, and you will become skilled gradually. In fact, fruit tree pruning is a "rough job". As long as the main contradiction is grasped and solved, it is often invisible, and the more you cut, the more you cut; It is easy to make mistakes when following the trend, so use your brains to improve quickly.

6, light cutting is not not cutting, heavy cutting is not big cutting: fruit tree pruning, different people have different pruning methods. When evaluating the degree of pruning, some people often feel heavy and others feel light. . For example, for leafy trees, remove the big branches gently, one or two at a time. Removing big branches can promote the growth of trees. If a large number of twigs are removed, trees will easily become more lush and uncontrollable in the second year, which will affect flowering. Wang Shu has both big branches and small branches, but the pruning is biased; However, if the tree is weak, removing one or several big branches, properly thinning some weak branches and aging branches, and concentrating nutrients on the remaining branches will promote the transformation of the tree to the mean, then pruning is not important. Only light cutting is not uncut, and heavy cutting is not big cutting. Mainly aimed at two extreme behaviors. Some people have serious ideas about cherishing branches. When pruning, they don't judge from the tree potential, but look at the pruning of flower buds. As long as there are flowers, you can't get rid of them, resulting in too many branches all over the tree. Some people are eager to solve the problem of light deterioration, do not judge the pruning reaction, blindly pursue the tree shape, remove large branches and trim a large number of branches, and want to take shape at one time, and the result is counterproductive. In short, light and heavy pruning varies from tree to tree. The weight of pruning is based on the tree potential, and the pruning reaction is the criterion, with the aim of finally achieving a reasonable amount of branches per mu. The weight of pruning is relative, not absolute.

7. Old branches of new trees and new branches of old trees: The vegetative growth of newly planted young trees is greater than the reproductive growth. The key point of management is to expand the crown as soon as possible, improve the coverage rate of the whole park as much as possible, cultivate the skeleton, and lay the foundation for cultivating high-yield trees. Apple branches are divided into fruiting branches and developing branches according to their properties. After entering the full fruit stage, the fruiting branches, especially the secondary branches on the fruit surface, become flowers year after year, which makes the fruiting branches droop, weaken their growth potential and reduce their fruiting ability year by year.

8, full of flowers, half fruit: it means that more flowers will inevitably have fewer fruits, and less flowers may have more fruits. This phenomenon is obvious in all kinds of fruit varieties. Since this phenomenon exists in all kinds of fruits, it is not the inherent characteristics of varieties, but the management reasons. The direct cause of the phenomenon of "full flowers and half fruits" is the problem of nutrient accumulation. In the physiological cycle of fruit trees in a year, the nutrition consumed at flowering stage is relatively the largest. At this stage, there are no mature leaves on the tree, so it is impossible to carry out photosynthesis and make nutrients. All the energy consumed by flowering comes from the accumulation of the previous year. The nutrient content and fertility of the whole tree are limited. The trees are full of flowers, which means more nutrients are consumed. When nutrients can't feed so many children, children will die because of lack of milk, leaving only half a fruit. On the contrary, there are fewer flowers on the tree, less nutrients are consumed and the fruit setting rate is high. In the end, of course, it will be "fruitful."