During the Han Dynasty, Kuang Heng was very studious as a teenager.
As his family is poor, he has to do a lot of work during the day to earn money. Only at night can he sit down and read. However, he can't afford candles, so he can't read when it is dark. Kuang Heng was heartbroken at this time-wasting behavior, and his heart was very painful.
His neighbor's family is very rich. At night, light candles in several rooms to make them bright. One day, Kuang Heng summoned up his courage and said to his neighbor, "I want to study at night, but I can't afford candles. Can I borrow an inch of your house? " Neighbors have always looked down on people who are poorer than their family, so they said viciously and sarcastically, "Since you are too poor to buy candles, what books are you reading?" Kuang Heng was very angry, but he decided to read the book well.
When Kuang Heng came home, he quietly cut a small hole in the wall, through which the neighbor's candlelight came in. With this faint light, he eagerly began to read books and gradually finished reading all the books at home.
After reading these books, Kuang Heng felt that his knowledge was far from enough, and his desire to continue reading more books was even more urgent.
There is a big family nearby with many books. One day, Kuang Heng rolled up his bedding and appeared in front of a big house. He said to his host, "please take me in, and I will work for you at home for free." Just let me read all your books. " The host was moved by his spirit and agreed to his request to borrow books.
This is how Kuang Heng studied diligently. Later, he became the prime minister of the Han and Yuan emperors and became a famous scholar in the Western Han Dynasty.
[Last sentence]
This fable describes two things that Kuang Heng did as a teenager. One is stealing light from the wall, and the other is borrowing books and studying hard. He praised Kuang Heng's spirit of bravely overcoming difficulties and studying hard. Set a good example for us to study hard.
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Ba Jin's reading method
The famous writer Ba Jin's reading method is very strange, because he did it without books. Reading without books is really a miracle of the world. What's going on here? Ba Jin said: "I was hospitalized for the second time. After taking a nap for less than an hour every day, I get out of bed and sit on the small sofa, waiting for the nurse to take my temperature at two o'clock. I sat still, but I didn't doze off. My brain won't rest. It is recalling some books and works I have read in the past, as if it wants to keep some beautiful things before my memory completely declines. "
It turns out that his reading method is to sit there and recall the books he has read. This has many advantages:
(1) is not restricted by conditions and can make full use of time. Ba Jin cited two examples: one was that during the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, Leningrad was surrounded by the Germans for a long time, and a young girl wrote such sentences as "So-and-so, Anna karenin" in her diary. There was no electricity and no candles, and the whole city was out of power. Instead of reading, she sat quietly in the dark, recalling the plot in the book. Tolstoy's novels helped her through those terrible nights. Another example is his own personal experience of ten years of civil strife. He said: "If the rebels allowed me to keep a diary during the Cultural Revolution and allowed me to keep a diary according to my own wishes, my diary must be full of titles. People will wonder: my study has been blocked for ten years. Where can I find those books to read? They forget that there is a big warehouse in people's hearts, which stores things that others can't take away. " These two examples show that you can "read" without normal reading conditions.
(2) Review the past and learn new things. Through memory, take out the books you have read in the past and chew them bit by bit, just like cattle ruminating, which can be further digested and absorbed. Every time I recall, I will have a new understanding, a new understanding and a new harvest.
(3) Be able to continuously draw spiritual strength from the books you have read. Ba Jin said: "I am now struggling with my illness, and all kinds of works are inspiring me ... Even if I don't have the spirit to read new works during my illness, the spiritual wealth accumulated in the past is enough for my limited rest of my life. Until death, people need light and heat. "
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Gu personally supervised reading.
"Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." This famous saying was first put forward by Gu, a patriotic thinker and famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.
Gu studied hard since he was a child. Enlightened at the age of 6, 10 began to read history books and literary masterpieces. 1 1 years old, his grandfather Li asked him to finish the History as a Mirror, and warned: "Now some people just browse the outline and other books to save trouble, thinking that everything is fine. I don't think this is worth taking. " These words made Gu realize that reading and studying is an honest thing and must be treated seriously and faithfully. Gu Qin was diligent in reading, and he adopted the measures of "self-examination reading": First, he set himself the number of volumes that must be read every day; Secondly, he limited himself to copying the books he finished reading every day. After he finished reading Purple Tongzhi Sword, one book became two books. Third, ask yourself to take notes and write down your experiences every time you read a book. Some of his reading notes were later incorporated into the famous book Rizhilu; Finally, every spring and autumn, he will review the books he read in the first half of the year, read them silently, and ask people to read them aloud. If differences are found, he will check them immediately. He stipulated that he would spend 200 pages a day like this and never rest until he finished reviewing.
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How did Chairman Mao study?
Special hobby
For decades, Chairman Mao has been very busy, but he always finds time, even a minute, to study. His former residence in Zhongnanhai is a sea of books. Books are everywhere on the bookcase, desk, dining table and coffee table in the bedroom. All the beds are occupied by books except the place where one person lies.
In order to study, Chairman Mao spent all available time. A few minutes before swimming, I sometimes have to read some famous poems. After swimming, I forgot to rest, so I picked up the book again. He never wastes even a few minutes in the toilet. The book Selected Works of Zhaoming, the second edition of Song Xichun, and some other books and periodicals were completed intermittently by this time. Read a little today and a little tomorrow.
Chairman Mao often goes to boxes and books when he goes out for meetings or inspections. The train shook and bumped on the way, and he completely ignored it. He always keeps reading with a magnifying glass in one hand and a page in the other. In other places, like Beijing, there are books on the bed, desk, coffee table and dining table, which seem to be free.
Although Chairman Mao was seriously ill in his later years, he still insisted on studying. He reread a set of hardcover Complete Works of Lu Xun and many other books and periodicals published before liberation and brought to Beijing from Yan 'an.
On one occasion, Chairman Mao had a fever of over 39 degrees, and the doctor forbade him to read books. He said sadly, I have loved reading all my life, and now you don't let me study, and you make me lie here all day eating and sleeping. You know how hard it is for me! The staff had to put the books they had taken next to him, and he smiled happily.
Study hard and read again and again
Chairman Mao has never opposed the reading method that only pays attention to books, and Chairman Mao has never opposed the reading method that only pays attention to quick results and does not emphasize effects. When he read the complete works of Han Changli's poems, except for a few chapters, he carefully pondered and studied them one by one, from vocabulary, sentence reading, chapters to the meaning of the whole text. He can recite most of Han Ji's poems fluently through repeated reading and reciting. He read novels such as Journey to the West, Dream of Red Mansions, Outlaws of the Marsh and Romance of the Three Kingdoms in primary school and reread them in the 1960s. He has seen more than ten different versions of A Dream of Red Mansions. He read a book "Selected Works of Zhaoming" when he was at school. He read it in 1950s and 1960s, and read it several times in 1970s. There are three versions of his annotations.
He has read many books on Marxism-Leninism and philosophy. Li Da's History of the Communist Party of China and Outline of Sociology have been read ten times each. He has studied the Manifesto, Das Kapital and Selected Works of Lenin. Many chapters and paragraphs are also annotated and crossed.
No pen and ink, no books.
For decades, every time Chairman Mao read a book or an article, he drew circles, bars, dots and other symbols in important places, and wrote a lot of comments in the eyebrows and blanks.
Reading while herding cattle, with his own book hanging on his horn.
In the Tang Dynasty, Shimi heard that Baojie was in Lushan Mountain and went to visit him. He rode an ox with a roll of Hanshu hanging on the corner, reading while walking. Su Yang, the king of Yue, saw him on the road, bridled the reins and followed him and said, "What books make you so diligent?" Shi Biao said it was a biography of Xiang Yu. Su Yang then talked with Shi Mi, thinking that he was a wizard (see The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Shi Mi Chuan). Later, I used the metaphor of "hanging a book in the corner" to study hard.
Reading with the light of fireflies in bags or the reflected light of snow-pursuing knowledge under difficult conditions
This is an allusion consisting of two stories. Yeast: fireflies are bagged; Snow reflection: Use the reflection of snow. Use the light of fireflies and the reflection of snow in your pocket to read books at night.
Che Yin studied hard, never put down his books and read widely, but his family was poor and he couldn't afford lamp oil. In summer, he put dozens of fireflies on white cloth and used their light to read around the clock (see Biography of Che Yin in the Book of Jin).
The Liang family in the Southern Dynasties was poor and had no money to buy lamps and candles. He often reads in the snow at night. Later generations often regard "a firefly reflecting snow" as a model of diligence.
Drill a hole in the wall to get some light from the neighbor's house (study very hard)
During the Han Dynasty, Kuang Heng studied very hard. There were no candles, but all his neighbors had candles. So Kuang Heng cut a small hole in the wall and read a book by the light coming in from next door (which contained "Miscellanies of Xijing"). Later generations used "digging the wall to borrow light" to describe diligent study and hard study.
Study hard
Bian Wei: In ancient times, books were written with bamboo slips, which were tied together with cooked cowhide ropes, and were called "Bian Wei"; Three: the divisor refers to many times; Absolutely: broken. Confucius liked to study Zhouyi in his later years, and compiled Yi Zhuan to explain Zhouyi, such as Cohesion, Xiangci, Shuogua and Classical Chinese. Due to repeated reading of Zhouyi, the rope for compiling simplified books was broken many times (see Historical Records Confucius Family). Houpan is used to describe diligent study.
study hard
Su Qin was born in Luoyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. He went to Qi to learn vertical and horizontal skills from Guiguzi. After he finished his studies, he went to lobby the king of Qin and wrote ten letters, all to no avail. He ran out of money with him, and he went home in a mess. His elder brother, elder brother, sister-in-law, younger sister, wife, and concubine are all secretly laughing at him, saying that he is not doing anything, and he deserves it. After hearing this, Su Qin felt ashamed and secretly sad, so he made a determined effort to study. If you are sleepy, poke your thigh with an awl. When you wake up, read again. Finally, he became the prime minister of the six countries and the joint leader of the six countries. Later, I used the metaphor of "stabbing stocks" to study hard.
In the Han Dynasty, when Sun Jing was sleepy, he tied his hair to the beam with a rope and woke up after a nap. Finally, he became a contemporary scholar. Later, I used the metaphor of "stinging the stocks and hanging the beam" to study hard.
Absolute concentration on learning
This allusion means that you don't have time to see the scenery in the garden, and it describes burying your head in reading and concentrating on your studies. Dong Zhongshu gave lectures and stayed at home for three years, so he had no time to see the scenery in the garden. His disciples accepted his disciples again, and some of his later disciples had never seen him. He devoted himself to this degree (see the biography of Han Dong Zhongshu). Later used to describe burying oneself in reading and staying at home.
The above stories are too numerous to mention. The ancients were able to restrain themselves, study hard and achieve something, but we were born in a prosperous time and had superior conditions. Can we not study hard? This article aims to encourage students to learn from the ancients and make achievements.