Chinese name: Republic of Lithuania
English name: Republic of Lithuania
Abbreviation: Lithuania
Mainland: Europe
Capital: Vilnius
Major cities: kaunas, Clay Pether, etc.
National Day: 19 18 February 16.
Country code: LTU
Official language: Lithuanian
Currency: paperback
Time zone: East Zone 2
Political system: parliamentary Republic
National leader: Daglia Grybauskait
Population: 3.35 million (65438+February 2008)
Population density: 55 persons/km2 (2008)
Main ethnic groups: Lithuanian, Polish, etc.
Main religion: Catholicism
Land area: 65,300 square kilometers
Water area ratio: 1.35%
Gross domestic product: 32.292 billion euros (2008)
Per capita GDP: 9592 euros (2008)
Inflation rate: 8.5%(2008)
national flag
Lithuania's national flag is a horizontal rectangle with an aspect ratio of 2∶ 1. It consists of three parallel stripes, yellow, green and red from top to bottom. Lithuania declared its independence in 19 18 and established a bourgeois republic with yellow, green and red flags as its national flag. 1940 became a republic of the former Soviet Union, adopting a red flag with a yellow five-pointed star, a sickle and a hammer in the upper left corner, and a narrow white bar and a wide green bar in the lower part as the national flag. 1990 declared independence and adopted tricolor flag as the national flag.
Lithuanian national emblem
national emblem
The national emblem of Lithuania is the coat of arms. On the red shield, a knight dressed in silver straddles a white war horse, waving a silver sword in his right hand and holding a shield with a golden double cross on the blue ground in his left hand.
Human population
The population of Lithuania is 3.35 million (65438+February 2008). Ethnic groups include Lithuanians, Russians, Poles and Belarusians, and a small number of Ukrainians, Jews, Latvians and Tatars. The population density in the south is relatively high, and the urban population accounts for more than half of the total population. The main religion is Catholic Orthodox Church, followed by Protestantism and Judaism. The main languages are Lithuanian and Russian, and Lithuanian is the official language. Lithuanian traditional dance
festival
National Reconstruction Day (National Day) February 16
(1918 February 16 Lithuania declared national reconstruction and the Republic of Lithuania was established)
Independence Day resumed in March 1 1 (Lithuania declared its independence in March 1990+0 1).
July 6th National Day (1253 On July 6th, Lithuanian King Mintaukas was crowned).
State dignitaries
President dalia grybauskaite was elected in May 2009; From June 5438 to February 2008, Prime Minister andrius kubilius took office; The Speaker of Parliament, Irena Degutine, was elected in September 2009. Degutine is the first female speaker in Lithuanian history.
national flower
rue
physical geography
A national park in Lithuania covers an area of 65,300 square kilometers. The total length of the national boundary is 1846 km, of which the land boundary is 1747 km and the coastline is 99 km long. Located on the east bank of the Baltic Sea, it borders Latvia in the north, Belarus in the southeast and Kaliningrad and Poland in the southwest. Flat terrain, rolling hills in the east and west, with an average elevation of about 200 meters, is calcareous soil. The main river is Nemunas River, and there are many lakes in the territory. It belongs to the climate of transition from maritime to continental. 1 month average temperature? 5℃, the average temperature in July is 65438 07℃.
resources geography
Forest and water resources are abundant. The forest area is 6.5438+0.978 million hectares, with a coverage rate of 30.3%. There are 722 rivers and more than 4000 lakes. In addition, there are peat and mineral building materials.
historical geography
Lithuanian Grand Duke Vitautas AD 5? Class society appeared in the 6th century. From 12 century, it was invaded by German feudal lords. The United Grand Duchy of Lithuania was founded in 1240. Lithuania was founded in the13rd century. 14? In the 65438+5th century, most of the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was in western Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. 1558? 1583, Lithuania participated in the Livonia War against Russia. 1569 according to the lublin treaty, Poland and Lithuania merged to form the kingdom of Poland and Lithuania. 1795? 18 15, the whole Lithuanian territory (except the border area of Klay-Pether) was merged into Russia. Lithuanians participated in the Polish uprising from 1830 to 183 1 and 1863 to 1864. During World War I, Lithuania was occupied by Germany. 1918 February 2006 16, Lithuania declared its independence and established a bourgeois republic. From 19 18 12 to 1949 10, the Soviet regime was established in most parts of Lithuania. 1965438+In February 2009, Lithuania and Belarus jointly formed the Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. In August of the same year, the bourgeois Republic was established and declared its independence. 1926 On September 28th, the Soviet government and Lithuania concluded a non-aggression treaty. 65438+ In February of the same year, fascism successfully launched a coup. According to the secret protocol of the Soviet-German non-aggression treaty of August 23rd, 939/KLOC-0, Lithuania was included in the territory of the Soviet Union, and then Soviet troops entered Lithuania. After the outbreak of the Soviet-German war, Lithuania was occupied by Germany. 1944, Soviet troops occupied Lithuania again, established the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and joined the Soviet Union. Lithuania became independent from the Soviet Union. 1991September 6th, the State Council, the highest authority of the Soviet Union, officially recognized Lithuanian independence. On September 17 of the same year, Lithuania joined the United Nations. In May, 20065438+0, China formally joined the WTO.
Administrative geography
The highest administrative system in Lithuania is the county. The whole country is divided into 65,438+00 counties: Alitus, kaunas, Klay Pether, Mariyanpoli, Panevezh, siauliai, Tauraga, Telhiai, Uterna and Vilnius, with 65,438+008 cities and 44 districts. The main cities are Vilnius, kaunas, Kelai Pether and Shoulai.
capital
Vilnius Vilnius is located at the intersection of Neris River and Vilnia River in southeastern Lithuania (54 degrees 4 1 min north latitude and 25 degrees 17 min east longitude). The population is 540,000 (end of 2008), covering an area of 394 square kilometers. 1 month average temperature? 7.8℃, with an average temperature of 20.8℃ in July.
The suburb of Vilnius is famous for its beautiful scenery. There are excellent bathing places in the northeast suburb of the city, and Valla Cupia is the concentrated place of villas. Lake Trache Group is located in the western suburbs of the city, where the lake is clear, the trees are lush and the scenery is pleasant. It is a tourist attraction. Trache was once the capital of the Principality of Trache, and the remains of the former palace are still preserved, and the remaining murals in the hall are still faintly visible.
form
The former Lithuanian President adamkus's Lithuanian Constitution 1992 10 was adopted by referendum on 10 on 25 October, and came into effect on 2 October, after which it was revised several times. The current Constitution consists of 15 and 154. It is stipulated that Lithuania is an independent democratic Republic, with sovereignty belonging to all people and equal rights for all citizens. Establish a parliamentary state. Parliament is the highest legislative body of the country, approving or rejecting the candidate for prime minister nominated by the president; To appoint and remove the country; Have the right to impeach the president, but need the support of more than 3/5 members. The president is elected by citizens by direct vote, with a term of five years and a maximum of two consecutive terms. Any citizen who has reached the age of 40 and has lived in Lithuania for nearly three years can run for president. When the President dies, resigns, is impeached or cannot perform his duties due to health reasons, his duties shall be exercised by the Speaker. The president is the supreme commander of the national armed forces, making decisions on major diplomatic issues, appointing and removing the prime minister with the consent of the parliament, and appointing and removing ministers on the proposal of the prime minister.
As of July 2008, there were 39 registered political parties and organizations in Lithuania.
In 2008, the political situation in Lithuania was basically stable. The ruling Coalition with the Social Democratic Party as the core has successfully maintained internal unity and basically completed the policy agenda. In June 5438+10, Lithuania held parliamentary elections. 65438+February, Motherland Union? The Christian Democratic Party, the National Baath Party, the freedom movement and the freedom center alliance form the center-right coalition government, the Motherland Alliance? Andrius kubilius, chairman of the Christian Democratic Party, became prime minister. On May 7, 2009, Daglia Grybauskait, an independent candidate and former finance minister and finance and budget commissioner of the European Commission, was elected as the first female president and took office on July 0/2.
presidential election
The last presidential election was held in May 2009 17, and the election results were as follows: Daglia Grybauskait 69.1%; Alkier Das Butkai Maintenance Company11.8%; Warren Tiinas Mazu Ronnies 6.2%; The other three candidates are 12.2%.
parliament
Parliament is the highest legislative body of the country, with a unicameral system. Map of Lithuania 1, 4 1 seat, with a term of four years. Members of parliament are directly elected by citizens who have settled in the legislature over the age of 25, of whom 7 1 members are directly elected by 7 1 constituencies in the country, and the remaining 70 members are elected by political parties who enter the parliament. Political parties and coalitions of political parties that have won more than 5% of the votes can enter the parliament and allocate seats according to the proportion of their votes. This parliament was elected in June 5438+October 2008 10. The main party groups and seats are: Motherland Union? 44 Christian Democrats, 26 Social Democrats, National Baath Party 16, Order and Justice Party 15, Freedom Movement 1 1 0, Labour Party 10, Free Intermediate Alliance 8, Polish Election Movement 3 and Farmers' Union 3. ), elected in September 2009 17.
government
This government is the 15 government after independence, which was formed by the motherland alliance. The Christian Democratic Party, the National Baath Party, the Freedom Movement and the Freedom Center Alliance are in power. They were established in February 2008 and have 65,438+03 ministries. Prime Minister: andrius kubilius. Cabinet members include: Minister of Health Algis Chapuli Kas, Minister of Social Security and Labor RiMandas Junas Dargis, Minister of National Defense Lhasa You Ke Nevechene, Minister of Environment Gedimi Nazkaz Lovas Kas, Minister of Economy Daniush Reavis, Minister of Communications Eligis Matthews, Minister of Interior Raimundas ParLettice, Minister of Agriculture Kazmirastal Keweicius.
Referee
Kestutis Lapinskas, President of the Constitutional Court, took office on April 3, 2008 for a term of 20 1 1 March. ViTatas Grecius, President of the Supreme Court, took office on July 8, 1999 for a term of nine years. Algimantas Valanti Nass, Minister of Justice, took office on October 24th, 2005/KLOC-0, with a term of seven years.
Lithuanian President Grybauskait
Political heavyweight
Dalia grybauskaite: Lithuanian President. 1956 Born in Vilnius in March, he graduated from Danov University in Leningrad, the former Soviet Union, majoring in economics. Since 1983, I have worked in the Academy of Sciences. 1983 to 1990 teaches at Vilnius Senior Party School. 1990 to 199 1 year, working in economic research institute. 199 1 to 1994, Director of the European Department of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Director of the Foreign Economic Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1994- 1995 as deputy representative of accession negotiations, 1996- 1999 as minister of the embassy in the United States. 1999 to 200 1, successively served as deputy minister of finance and vice minister of foreign affairs. From 200 1 to 2004, he served as Minister of Finance. Since June 2004, he has been the Commissioner for Finance and Budget of the European Commission. In May 2009, Kloc-0/7 was elected President, and in July, Kloc-0/2 took office. She is unmarried and has no children.
Andrius kubilius: Lithuanian Prime Minister. Born on February 8, 1956. 1979 graduated from physics department of Vilnius University. 198 1 to 1984 studied in the graduate school of Vilnius University. From 1984 to 1990, I worked as an experimenter, engineer and researcher in Vilnius University. Sayudis participated in the independence movement from 65438 to 0990, and served as the responsible secretary of the organization from 65438 to 65438 to 0992. 1992-2008 was elected as a member of the sixth to tenth parliaments for five consecutive years, and worked in the parliamentary committees on European affairs, nature conservation, law and legal system, budget and finance, among which 1996-1999 served as the first deputy speaker. 1999-2000 prime minister. From 2005 to 2008, he was the leader of the parliamentary opposition. In 2008, he became prime minister from 65438+February. He knows English and Russian. Married with two sons. The current Prime Minister of Lithuania Kubilius
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economy
system
Industry and agriculture are relatively developed. After independence, enterprises went to market economy through privatization, and the economic situation was basically stable. China has three free economic zones: kaunas, Pether and siauliai, which have a good investment environment: a European standard road network, four international airports, an ice-free port (on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea) and the first satellite communication system in this area. Natural resources are poor, but amber is rich, with a small amount of clay, sandstone, lime, gypsum, peat, iron ore, apatite and oil. The required oil and gas are imported. A small amount of oil and natural gas resources have been discovered in the western coastal areas, but the reserves have not yet been proved. The forest area is1975,500 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is over 30%. There are many wild animals here, including more than 60 kinds of mammals, more than 300 kinds of birds and more than 50 kinds of fish. Industry is the pillar industry of Lithuania, which is mainly composed of mining and quarrying, processing and manufacturing, and energy industry. Industrial categories are relatively complete, mainly including food, wood processing, textile, chemical industry, machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, petrochemical industry, electronics industry, metal processing industry and so on. High-precision machine tools, meters, electronic computers and other products are sold to more than 80 countries and regions in the world. Vilnius, the capital, is the national industrial center, and its industrial output value accounts for more than two-thirds of Lithuania's total industrial output value. Agriculture is dominated by advanced animal husbandry, accounting for more than 90% of the output value of agricultural products. Crops include flax, potatoes, beets and various vegetables, and the grain output is very low.
The electronics, textile and food processing industries are relatively developed, and the export of sugar, milk and meat products has certain advantages. The transition of market economy has been basically completed, and the output value of non-state-owned enterprises accounts for 73% of GDP. In 2002, the macroeconomic situation further improved, financial and tax reforms achieved results, the privatization process continued to deepen, market supply and demand improved, and foreign capital inflows increased. The economy maintained rapid growth, with GDP increasing by 5.9%. However, there are not many pillar industries, the regional economic development is unbalanced, the government's investment in education, culture, medical care and other fields is limited, and the unemployment rate remains high.
gross capacity
Gross domestic product (2002): 565.438 million litas.
Per capita GDP (2002): 65,438+04,780 litas.
GDP growth rate (2002): 6.7%
Currency name: Litas, and the secondary currency is CENTAS.
1 L =100L
Exchange rate: 1 USD = LTL 3.25 (65438+February 2002).
Inflation rate (2002): 0.3%
Unemployment rate (2002): 1 1.3%.
industry
In 2002, the industrial output value was 26.652 billion litas, up 7.5% year-on-year, accounting for 52.56% of the GDP. The main industrial sectors are mining and quarrying, processing and manufacturing, and energy, accounting for 1.7%, 86.2%, 12. 1% of the industrial output value respectively. The output value of mining and processing manufacturing industry was 22.293 billion litas, up by 7.7%, and the output value of power, natural gas and water supply industry was 4.063 billion litas, up by 6%. The industrial employed population accounts for 17.9% of the total population.
According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, the output of major industrial products in 2000, 200 1 year and 2002:
2000 200 1 2002
Peat production (ten thousand tons) 24.55 26.32 5 1.25
Mining quartz sand (ten thousand cubic meters) 4.07 5.70 4.37
Chemical fertilizer (ten thousand tons) 9 1.4487+0 15.04
Papermaking (ton)122641473210436
Cement (ten thousand tons) 56.95 55.6438+0 59.92
Television sets (10,000 sets) 10000.00000000000000001.10000000001
Picture tubes (ten thousand sets) 276.2 306.8 342.7
Linen fiber (ton) 4095 6597 3660
Set (ten thousand sets) 54.05 48. 14 36.20
Cloth (100 million square meters) 1.086 1.039 9240
Power generation in Lithuania (100 million kilowatts/hour) 65438
Natural gas in the transmission pipeline (100 million cubic meters)10.065366666686
agriculture
In 2002, the agricultural output value was 3.55 billion litas, accounting for 7% of GDP. Among them, grain increased by 9%, sugar by 17%, rape by 63%, potato by 45%, meat by 8%, eggs by 6% and milk by 1%. There are 67,500 farms with cultivated land area of 230 1.300 hectares. 33% of the country's population lives in rural areas, and agricultural employment accounts for 17% of the total employed population.
According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, the output of major agricultural products in 2000, 200 1 year and 2002 were (thousand tons) respectively:
2000 200 1 2002
Grain 2730.7 2397.5 2602.0
Potato1791.61054.41531.3
Vegetables 329.4 322.0 26 1.0
Sweet vegetable 881.6894.1.1029.8
Yam 7.2 4.0 7.8 Rapeseed 8 1.0 64.8 105.6
Clean meat 264 208 224
Niunai172517301752
Eggs (100 million) 6.92 7.42 7.90
service industry
Wholesaler 1 1389, retailer 42886, catering entity 4998. Employees account for 17% of the employed population.
In 2002, the retail sales were 654.38+05.46 billion litas, up 654.38+02.4% year-on-year. The output value of catering industry was LTL 326.8 million, up by 18.7%. tourism
In 2002, it received 3,999,400 foreign tourists, a year-on-year decrease of 4.7%. The number and proportion of foreign tourists are: Russia/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/72800 (29.3%), Latvia/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/4600 (28.7%), Belarus 646800 (/KOOC-0/6.2%). Lithuanians left the country about 3,583,900 times, down 5.7% year-on-year. Main attractions: Vilnius Old Town, Tragai Castle, Bailang Port, Nida, siauliai Cross Mountain, Ruschininggai, etc.
transport
The transportation system is complete, the railway network is integrated with Europe and the former Soviet republics, and it has a developed road network. Transportation is mainly through roads and railways.
Railway: total length 1997.2 km. In 2002, the railway freight volume was 36,788,200 tons, up 261%year-on-year; Among them, the domestic freight volume was 6.525 million tons, up 2.9% year-on-year, and the international freight volume was 30.2632 million tons, up 32.5% year-on-year.
Highway: the total length is 2 13 16km. Trunk highway1724km, national highway 4864km and branch highway14728km. Among them, asphalt pavement11980km, cement pavement 86km, gravel pavement 9227km and gravel pavement 23km. In 2002, public transport carried 654.38+656.65 million passengers, an increase of 0.8%.
Water transportation: in 2002, the total amount of maritime transportation was 25.8210.4 million tons, up by10.5% year-on-year; Among them, the loading capacity was 21252,700 tons, up 17.2% year-on-year, and the unloading capacity was 4,568,700 tons, up 8.3% year-on-year. Inland river freight volume was 510.5 million tons, down 5.2% year-on-year. Waterway passenger traffic was 2,890,200 passengers, up 1 18.4% year-on-year. Clay Pether is the only seaport in the country. Annual handling capacity: more than 7,000 ships, more than 70,000 passengers, and cargo transshipment capacity of more than 20 million tons.
Air transport: In 2002, airlines transported 376,300 passengers by air, up 3.6% year-on-year, reaching 524.4 million passengers/km, up 8.4%. The transportation volume of goods, luggage and mail was 3,350.9 tons, up by 1.5% year-on-year. The airport entered Hong Kong for 350,600 passengers, up 8.8% year-on-year; 3,565,438+million person-times, a year-on-year increase of 6.9%; Transit passengers 1.60 million, down 6.3% year-on-year. The aircraft took off and landed 260 times13 times, including 2354 times/kloc-0 times on international routes. International airports include Vilnius Airport, Kaunas Airport and Bailang Airport.
Finance and money
By the end of 2002, the foreign exchange reserve of gold was 8 billion/kloc-0.3 billion litas, up 20% year-on-year. The total national debt is 13 163 billion litas (accounting for 26.3% of GDP), of which foreign debt is 9 178 billion litas and domestic debt is 3.985 billion litas.
State financial situation in 2000-2002 (10 billion litas)
fiscal balance
2000 57.8 13 58.422 -0.609
200 1 year 63.447 69.748-6.35438+0
2002 104.74 1 10.64-5.9
There are more than 0 banks/kloc-0. The main banks and assets are as follows:
Vilniaus Bank (1), with assets of 6.048 billion litas, deposits and letters of credit worth 410.62 billion litas, and loans of 2.744 billion litas.
2.Lufthansa-LTB, with assets of LTL 3.959 billion, deposits and letters of credit worth LTL 3.360 billion and loans of LTL 65.438+LTL 20.6 billion.
3. Lithuanian Agricultural Bank, with assets of LTL 6,543.8+0.792 billion, deposits and letters of credit worth LTL 6,543.8+0.654 billion, and loans of LTL 958 million.
4. Si Nuo's "Snoras" bank has assets of over 906,543.8 million litas, deposits and letters of credit worth 686 million litas and loans of 548 million litas.
foreign trade
According to the statistics of the State Customs, in 2002, the export volume was 20,279.8 million litas, an increase of 10.6%, while the import volume was 282,254.38+065.438+0%, with a deficit of 7,940.3 million litas.. The main export commodities are mineral products and textiles, and the main import commodities are mineral products and mechanical and electrical products.
Import and export trade in 2000-2002 (Yilite)
2000 200 1 2002
Export value152.375183.28 202.798
Import value 2 18.260 254.438+032 282+0.
Difference -65.885 -70.804 -79.403
In 2002, Lithuania exported 9815.4 billion litas to EU countries, accounting for 48.4% of the total export, with a year-on-year increase of 12.0%. Exports to CIS countries amounted to LTL 3,893.7 billion, accounting for 19.2% of the total exports, up 7.7% year-on-year. Imports from EU countries amounted to1269.9 billion litas, accounting for 45% of the total imports, with a year-on-year increase of 13.6%. Imports from CIS countries amounted to 7,393.7 million litas, accounting for 26.2% of the total imports, down 0.9% year-on-year.
In 2002, the main export partners and their proportions were: UK/KOOC-0/3.5%, Russia/KOOC-0/2./KOOC-0/%,Germany/KOOC-0/0.3%, Latvia 9.6% and Poland 6.2%. The main import partners and their proportions are: Russia 2 1.4%, Germany 17.2%, Italy 4.9% and Poland 4.8%.
By the end of 2002, the cumulative foreign direct investment 1, 310.82 billion litas, up by 23.7% year-on-year, of which the foreign direct investment in 2002 was 2.3 billion litas, and the per capita foreign investment was 3,808 litas. The main investment fields are: processing and manufacturing industry 29.3%, finance 20. 1%, trade 17.3%, postal and other services 13.9%. The main investment countries are: Denmark 17.2%, Sweden 15.3%, Estonia1.7%, Germany 9.6% and the United States 8.7%.
Foreign Aid In the first half of 2000, the Communist Party of China (CPC) received all kinds of financial and humanitarian aid132.6 million Litres, up 6 1.6% year-on-year, of which1300,000 was provided in the form of materials. Of these assistance, 15.9% comes from domestic enterprises and individuals, and the remaining 84 1% comes from 35 countries in the world, mainly including: 60 million litas from the United States, 22 million litas from Germany, 7.9 million litas from France, 4.5 million litas from Denmark, 0.9 million litas from Norway and Poland.
People's lives
At the beginning of 2007, the national housing area was 810.4 million square meters, and the per capita housing area was 24. 1 square meter, including 22.9 square meters for urban residents and 26.3 square meters for rural residents. There are 174 hospitals in China, with 27 beds114 beds, 39.9 doctors13,565,438 people, with 80 beds per 10,000 residents. By the beginning of 2007, there were 792,400 fixed-line telephones and 47 1.82 million mobile phone users, and the penetration rates of home computers and Internet reached 42% and 40.3% respectively.
By the end of 2008, the monthly salary of residents was LTL 265,438+074 (about Euro630), which was 20.6% higher than that in 2007. The actual after-tax income was 1667.2 litas, up by 23.3%, and the average pension was 770 litas (about 223 euros), up by 29.4%. In 2008, the average unemployment rate was 5.8%. At the end of 2008, 94,300 people were registered as unemployed.
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military affairs
national defence
1992165438+1October19. Lithuania formed its army and joined NATO on March 29th, 2004. The president is established as the supreme commander of the armed forces, and the national defense commission is the decision-making body that assists the president in handling national defense affairs. It consists of Lithuanian soldiers, the Speaker, the Prime Minister, the Minister of National Defense and the commanders of the three armed forces. At this stage, the dual-track leadership system of military, political and military orders is implemented, that is, the civilian personnel of the Ministry of National Defense control the army, and the commanders of the three armed forces and the General Staff of the National Defense under their leadership command the troops to perform various combat training tasks.
The national security policy is open, transparent and non-confrontational. He believes that there is no direct military threat to national security at present and does not regard any country as an enemy.
military strength
In 2008, the China People's Liberation Army had 16000 people, a decrease of 1000 people compared with 2007. It was divided into army, air force, navy, special operations forces, logistics support forces, military education and training institutions and troops, including nearly 6000 people in the army, more than 6000 people in the air force 1000, and navy. There are more than 8,000 reservists. The mixed system of professional soldiers and conscripts is implemented, and the service period of conscripts is 12 months. At present, the PLA has sent more than 220 people to participate in peacekeeping operations and international military operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia.
military expenditure
In 2008, the national defense budget expenditure was 370 million euros, up by 13.5% year-on-year, accounting for 1. 16% of the gross national product.
prescribe a diet
The main foods of Lithuanians are pasta, potatoes, beets, cabbage, pork, mutton and dairy products. Ham, sausage and smoked pork are their traditional meat products. They generally like baked food, porridge cooked with potatoes or peas and sweet jiaozi made with mashed potatoes, milk residue and minced meat. Pork sausage is also their common food. They like Russian western food and are used to using knives, forks and spoons as tableware when eating. They are also interested in China cooking, especially those with ripe taste.
Lithuanian eating habits have the following characteristics:
(1) Pay attention to the dishes to be cooked, and pay attention to the heavy and oily dishes.
Generally, the taste doesn't like to be too salty, but I like the slightly spicy taste.
③ The staple food is mainly pasta.
Pork, beef, mutton, chicken, duck, fish, eggs and other non-staple foods. Vegetables such as potatoes, cabbages, peas, tomatoes, onions and cucumbers. Seasonings like pepper and ketchup.
⑤ Cooking methods prefer cooking methods such as burning, frying, frying and frying.
⑥ Chinese food loves China's Beijing cuisine and Shandong cuisine.
⑦ Enjoy jambalaya, Roasted Chicken Breast, Barbecue, Honey Fried Begonia, Pot Roasted Elbow, Crispy Oil, Sweet and Sour Carp, Pot Collapsed Tofu, Instant Mutton, Roasted Prawn and other flavor dishes.
Today, Shuijiu likes Gowasu, wine and beer very much, and likes drinks such as mineral water and sherbet.
Fruits like grapes, watermelons, lychees, bananas, apples and other fruits, and dried fruits like walnuts, raisins and peanuts.
festival
65438+ 10 month 1, New Year's Day; Cross Mountain February 16, Lithuanian Independence Day;
March 1 1, Lithuania National Recovery Day;
Easter; May 1, May Festival;
The first Sunday in May, Mother's Day;
On July 6, the coronation anniversary of King Mindogos;
1 65438+1October1,Halloween and Day of the Dead;
65438+February 25th-26th, Christmas Day.
Lithuanians also enjoy 28 days of annual leave except public holidays, with the climax from July to September every year.
Famous scenic spot
Places worth visiting in the city include Saint Anne Church, Gatsby Dorne Church, Trinity Church and Bath Church.
Hillan Abbey, Vilnius University, Vilnius Cathedral, Gediminas Tower, Cross Mountain, etc. In addition to the above attractions, the most memorable one is Cross Mountain. Cross Mountain is a very thin hill with thousands of crosses on it. Behind every cross, Lithuania's epic history is confirmed. The wars and revolutions since the founding of Lithuania have been completely preserved on these crosses.
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