Meng Tian was born in a noble family and had great ambitions since childhood. In 22 1 BC, Meng Tian was made a general, attacked Qi, worshipped it as literature and history, and won the favor of Qin Shihuang. At that time, he and his younger brother Meng Ke were called "loyal ministers". After the reunification of the Qin Dynasty, Meng Tian led 300,000 troops to attack the Huns in the north. Recovering the land in Henan (now in Ordos City, south of Hetao, Inner Mongolia), leading the army to build the Great Wall of Wan Li and Kyushu Straight Road, which overcame the dilemma of domestic traffic congestion. It has greatly promoted the economic and cultural exchanges and integration of the people of all ethnic groups in the north. In 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang died of illness, and CRRC ordered Zhao Gao to secretly plot a coup with Prime Minister Reese and son Hu Hai. After Hu Hai acceded to the throne, the Montessori brothers were allowed to die, and Meng Tian committed suicide by swallowing medicine.
Meng Tian has been stationed in nine counties for more than ten years and is known as "the first warrior in China". It is said that Meng Tian once improved the writing brush, so he is also called "the ancestor of writing brush". He was the earliest developer in northwest China and the first person to develop Ningxia in ancient times.
Chinese Name: Meng Tian Nationality: Qin Nationality: Huaxia Nationality Date of Death: 2 10 BC Occupation: General Major Achievements: Recovering Hetao Area and Developing Ningxia.
Build the Great Wall to defend against the Huns.
Improve the writing brush and improve the official position of the guzheng: the ancestral home of the character is Mengyin County, Shandong Province, and the Xiongnu was killed unjustly after the retreat. Historical evaluation, family members, anecdotes and allusions, legend of writing, legend of piano making, refined piano knife, hometown of the character, film and television image, Meng Tian's ancestral home is Mengyin County, Shandong Province, and his hometown is in Bianjiachengzi Village, 7.5 kilometers southwest of Mengyin County. According to textual research, "Meng" takes Mengshan as its surname. During the Warring States Period, his grandfather, Meng Ao, took refuge in Qin Zhao, King of Qi, and led his troops to attack North Korea and Zhao, becoming a "Shangqing". My father, Wu Meng, was also a general and a civilian of Qin, and joined hands with Wang Jian, a general of Qin, to destroy Chu. Meng Tian was born into a family of several generations of celebrities. Grandfather Meng Ao was a famous soldier of Qin State. He used to work for Zhao Haoqi of Qin State and was an official of Qing State. Meng Tian grew up in a military commander's family and was deeply influenced by the family environment. From an early age, he was ambitious and determined to take the lead and serve the country. He was brilliant, familiar with the art of war, and gradually cultivated a higher military accomplishment. Meng Tian Statue In 22 1 year BC (the 26th year of Qin Shihuang), Meng Tian was made a general and attacked Qi. Because of meritorious service, he was worshipped as the highest official of Qin Dou, and his brother Meng Qian was also the Supreme Qing. The Montessori brothers were deeply loved by Qin Shihuang, Meng Tian served as foreign minister, and Meng Yi often colluded, which was called "faithfulness" at that time. Other generals dare not compete with it. After the Xiongnu Qin annexed the world, Meng Tian was ordered to lead 300,000 troops to attack the Xiongnu in the north. Recover the land in Henan Province (in the area of Yikezhaomeng, south of Hetao, Inner Mongolia) and set up Yuzhong (north of Ejinhoro Banner, Inner Mongolia) to 34 counties in Yinshan. And crossed the Yellow River, occupied Yangshan, and emigrated to enrich the people and border counties. Later, the Great Wall of Wan Li was built, starting from Lintao (now Minxian County, Gansu Province) in the west and Liaodong (now Liaoning Province) in the east, connecting the original Yan, Zhao and Qin Changcheng. The Great Wall made use of the terrain and set up forts by natural disasters, which effectively curbed the Xiongnu's southward advance. Later, he was sent to open a straight road for Qin Shihuang, from Jiuyuan County (now southwest of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia) to Ganquan Palace, cutting mountains and filling deep valleys, with a total length of 1,800 miles. Unfortunately, it was not finished. Meng Tian, who has been stationed in Shang Jun for more than ten years, is a great hero of the Huns. Meng Tian statue Qin Shihuang respected Montessori very much, trusted and praised Meng Tian's talent, and had close ties with Meng Tian's younger brother Meng Yi, and Meng Yi was a top official. Take a bus with Qin Shihuang when you go out, and the attendants are in front of Qin Shihuang at home. Meng Tian as a foreign affairs officer, and Meng Yi often in cahoots, the so-called loyalty at that time. So other generals dare not compete with it. Meng Ke has a strict rule of law and never favors the powerful. No one dares to compare with it. One day, Minister Zhao Gao committed a great crime. Meng Yi sentenced him to death and removed his official position, but was pardoned by Qin Shihuang. Since then, the Montessori brothers have become Zhao Gao's heart disease. In the winter of 2 10 BC (the thirty-seventh year of Qin Shihuang), Qin Shihuang fell ill on his way to Ying Zheng, and sent Meng Qian around him to worship the mountain to pray. Soon Qin Shihuang died of illness in a sand dune, and his death was blocked. Zhao Gao worried that Fu Su's succession and Meng Huo's reuse would be bad for him, so he withheld the testamentary edict and plotted to usurp the throne with Hu Hai. He also coerced Reese to conspire with them to forge wills and decrees. "Testament" accused Fu Su of not being able to make meritorious deeds outside, but resented his father, so he sent envoys to put the sons Fu Su and Meng Tian to death on trumped-up charges. Fu Su committed suicide, and Meng Tian became suspicious and asked for a retrial. The emissary handed Meng Tian over to officials, sent Reese and others to replace Meng Tian, and imprisoned Meng Tian in Yangzhou. After Hu Hai killed Fu Su, he wanted to release Montaigne. However, Zhao Shenggao was afraid that Montessori would spoil the game again, which was not good for him and he was determined to destroy Montessori. Then it was circulated on the issue of establishing a prince that Meng Ke once slandered Hu Hai in front of the first emperor, so Hu Hai went to prison and killed Meng Ke, and sent people to Yangzhou to kill Meng Tian. The messenger said to Meng Tian, "You have committed a terrible crime. Meng Yi should die and sit next to you." Meng Tian said, "From my ancestors to my descendants, I have risked my life for Qin for three generations. I command 300,000 troops. Although I am imprisoned, I am strong enough to betray. But I know I should die without hesitation. I did this because I dare not humiliate the teachings of my ancestors and dare not forget their kindness. " The messenger of Suide Mengtian Tomb said, "I have only been ordered to put you to death, and I dare not report the general's words to your majesty." Meng Tian sighed: "How have I offended God? Was executed without charge? " After a long silence, he said, "My sin should be death. I started from Lintao and went to Liaodong to build the Great Wall and dig a ditch to Vandory. It is impossible not to dig a vein during this period. This is my sin! " So he swallowed the medicine and killed himself. The historical evaluation of Chen Yu: "Meng Tian is the general of Qin, chasing Rong people in the north, opening a thousand miles in Chongqing, and actually cutting." Sima Qian: (1) "I adapted to the north and went straight home. I went to see what Meng Tiandu had done for the State of Qin. He built the Great Wall Pavilion, filled the ravine, and made the road straight, which strengthened the people's strength. At the beginning of the Qin dynasty, the princes were destroyed, the heart of the world was undecided, and the injury was not healed. In the name of Tian, at this time, it is not appropriate to strongly remonstrate, arouse people's urgency, provide for the aged and save the orphans, and repair the sum of Shu Ren, while Ah Yi prospers and his brother is punished! What is the pulse of sin? " (2) "For the benefit of Qin, the northern Xiongnu, the river is blocked, the mountain is solid, and it is built in Yuzhong." Meng Tian's "The Eyes of the Yangtze River" said: Or ask: "If you are punished for loyalty, can you still be loyal to Xi?" He said: "Going up the mountain and down the valley, starting from Lintao, directly attacking the Liaohe River, the troops are insufficient and the corpses are everywhere, and the loyalty is insufficient." Cao Cao said, "Once upon a time, I went to Zhao, and the king of Zhao wanted to have sex with him. Le Yi fell to the ground and wept, saying to him,' I am the king, but I am still the king; If I get angry, I will be put in another country, and then I will die. I can't bear to find Zhao's apprentice, but Kuang is the heir! "When Hu Hai killed Meng Tian, he said,' Since the two generations, he has accumulated trust in Qin Sanshi; Today I will send more than 300,000 soldiers, which is enough to betray me. However, those who know how to die and defend their righteousness dare not humiliate their ancestors and forget their teachings. "Every time I read this two-person book, I am so sad that I shed tears." Sima Zhen: "Montessori Qin Jiang, people Shi Zhongxian. The Great Wall of Wan Li was first built, and Wan Li is beside it. Zhao Gao corrected, and Fu Su died. What is the crime of the Jedi? This is hard work. I want to sue God, three generations are good. " Su Shi: "Meng Tian led 300,000 troops to the north, Fu Su supervised his army, and Meng Yi was the counselor. Although there is a big rape, how dare you disobey it? " Unfortunately, he was ill, and there were still people praying for mountains and rivers in the shrine, so Meng Yi was sent, so Gao Heshi succeeded his plan. "Sima Guang:" Qin Shihuang poisoned the world, and Meng Tian made it, so it was heartless. However, I realized the significance of being a minister. Although I am innocent, I can stand by and watch my death. Chen Pu said, "Chop up the Taihang Mountain, and then we can transport the red abalone to Xianyang." . After the earth, the mountain god wanted to repay his kindness, so he taught Meng and his party to wander. Liu Kezhuang: "Although the Great Wall has achieved great success, it is full of resentment. However, if you know how to hurt the ground, you will not lose your heart. "Meng Ao, Meng Tian's grandfather, is a native of Qi. He came to Qin when Xiang was in power, and his appearance in history books was when Xiang Wang was in Qinzhuang. He kept fighting for the state of Qin and later became Shang Qing. In the early years of Qin Shihuang, he became one of the most important generals of Qin State. Meng Tian's father, Wu Meng, participated in the Qin Chu War as the general of Wang Jian (the grandfather of Meng Tian general Wang Li). By the time he arrived in Meng Tian, Meng Tian had been able to lead the most important part of Qin Jun's Northern Expedition to Xiongnu. Even the eldest son of Qin Shihuang was sent to Meng Tian as a supervisor, while Meng Yi also served as Shangqing and went out to war, and his family status even surpassed that of living Meng Ao. But it also caused contradictions and conflicts of interest with Hu Hai, Reese and Zhao Gao, which eventually led to the demise of the Montessori family. Anecdotes and allusions Legend has it that in 223 BC, Meng Tian, a general of the State of Qin, led troops to war. He regularly wrote battle reports and presented them to Qin Shihuang. At that time, people wrote with bamboo sticks, which was very inconvenient. They dipped in ink several times without writing. One day, while hunting, Meng Tian was inspired when he saw a rabbit's tail dragging blood on the ground. He immediately cut off some rabbit tail hair, put it on a bamboo tube and tried to write with it. But rabbit hair is shiny and does not absorb ink. Meng Tian tried several times again, but the effect was still not good, so he threw the "rabbit brush" into the stone pit in front of the door. One day, he happened to see the brush he had thrown away. After picking it up, he found that the wet rabbit hair became whiter. He dipped the rabbit brush into the ink tray, and the rabbit tail became "obedient" and wrote fluently. It turns out that the water in the sinkhole contains calcium. After soaking in alkaline water, the grease of rabbit hair is removed and becomes soft. It is said that this is the origin of the brush. In fact, the unearthed cultural relics have proved that the writing brush existed long before it was made in Meng Tian. However, Meng Tian, as an innovator of writing brush making technology, contributed a lot. It is said that Meng Tian's pen is made from the autumn rabbit of Zhongshan Zhao, which produces the best rabbit hair. Three bamboo writing brushes unearthed from the Qin tomb in Yunmeng, Hubei Province, were drilled at the front end of the pen tube, and the nib was inserted into the hole. Another bamboo tube with the same length as the pen tube is made into a pen cover, and the brush is placed in the pen cover, and then glued firmly. In order to take pens conveniently, there is an 8.5 cm long rectangular hole in the middle of the pen cover, and the bamboo tube is coated with black paint and red line. It can be seen that the production of this Qin pen adopts a complete production process, which is quite similar to the modern pen and its production method, and has made great progress compared with the Chu pen in the Warring States period. Meng Tian (History of the Three Kingdoms 12) It is said that Meng Tian used to make pens from sheep's hair in Shanlian Village, and was regarded as the ancestor of pens in the local area. It is also said that Meng Tian's wife Bu Xianglian is a native of Shanlian Xibao, and she is also proficient in the art of pen making, so she is called the "Queen of Pen". Meng Tian and his wife taught the villagers pen-making techniques. In memory of them, local pen makers built a Meng Gong Temple in the west of the village. The river around the village was renamed Meng Xi, and Meng Xi became another name for Shanlian. According to legend, the birthdays of Meng Tian and Bu Xianglian are March 16 and September 16 of the lunar calendar respectively, and the villagers will hold a grand temple fair to worship the gods in memory of their pen ancestors. Therefore, although Meng Tian can't get the patent right of writing brush, his pen is better than his predecessors, and he has made contributions to the reform of writing brush. There are some records in history about Meng Tian saying that he made a pen. " Taiping Yulan quoted Natural History as saying: "Meng Tian made pens. "Cui Bao also said in Notes on Ancient and Modern Times:" It was written in Meng Tian, that is, Qin Bier. Take dead wood as the pipe, deer hair as the column and wool as the quilt. The so-called Cang Xie is not a rabbit's bamboo tube. "But in fact, the unearthed cultural relics have proved that the writing brush existed long before it was made in Meng Tian. It means that Meng Tian, as an innovator of brush-making technology, has made great contributions. Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "Qin refers to the pen, Chu refers to Yu, Wu refers to the wrong, and Yan refers to Fu. "There is no pen in the pre-Qin books, and the word" Yu "appeared as early as the Shang Dynasty, but Qin Shihuang only unified the name of the pen, which shows that there was a pen before Qin Dynasty. Zhao Yi, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, wrote in the article "Writing doesn't start in Montaigne" in the Language Series Examination: "Writing doesn't start in Montaigne. It is still done by Tian, which is better than the predecessors, so it is good for its name. "In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu's biography of Mao Ying personified people with a pen, which also mentioned that Meng Tian cut Zhongshan and captured Mao Ying, making him a favorite of Qin Shihuang and Mao Ying a' Guanchengzi'. Later generations took Heguan as their pen name. In addition, the brush has other aliases, such as awl, Zhongshujun, Longxuyou and Jiannu. In Ying Shao's Custom Pass in the Han Dynasty, it was recorded: "Only according to rites and music, the five strings of (Zheng) are used for fitness. Today, Zheng in the two countries looks like a harp, which is very cool, and I don't know who changed it. Meng Tian made it. According to this passage, later generations have the following statement: "The five strings of guzheng are applied to bamboo. Qin changed it to twelve strings, and it was deformed like a harp. It is easy to use bamboo and wood, and thirteen strings were added after the Tang Dynasty. " Fu Xuan of the Western Jin Dynasty refuted this statement. See "Preface": "Zheng thought it was made by Meng Tian, but now he sees its instruments: the upper circle is like the sky, the lower is flat, the hollow is like a Liuhe, and the string column is twelve, which looks like twelve. If set, there will be four images, and if set, five sounds will be made. It is a tool of benevolence and wisdom to study sadness and joy in an appropriate way. Can the ministers of the country be smart, or think that what Meng Tianzao made is not true? "Meng Tian is a general of the State of Qin, and Fu Xuan's argument of Yin and Yang and Five Elements that" the minister of national subjugation cannot make musical instruments "seems somewhat reluctant. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty also claimed that Qin was not made by Meng Tian: "Qin was originally made by Qin, and it was also said that it was made by Yun Mengtian, but it was not. The system is the same as the string. "China's earliest Biography of Historical Records and Meng Tian has no record of Meng Tianli A Zheng. However, Customs Tong only said in a questioning tone that Meng Tian made a guzheng. If a musical instrument appears in historical books, it should have been circulated for some time. It is likely that historians recorded the creation of this instrument as the work of a leader at that time, or that Meng Tian changed the piano into a Zheng to adapt to his military life. Intensive Qin Dao defeated Xiongnu in Meng Tian, repelled the enemy thousands of miles away, and led the troops to stick to the border. Meng Tian also mobilized hundreds of thousands of troops and people to build the Great Wall in accordance with the tactics of "using dangerous cavalry", connecting the protective walls in the northern part of Qin, Zhao and Yan during the Warring States period, and renovating and strengthening them again. The Great Wall of Wan Li, stretching for more than 5,000 kilometers from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east, was built to resist the invasion of nomadic tarquin people to the northern agricultural areas. The Great Wall of Wan Li stretches for thousands of miles, leaving a huge cultural treasure for future generations, and Montaigne played a major role in this feat. In fact, Sima Qian's evaluation of Meng Tian's construction of the Great Wall in Historical Records is one-sided. He only saw the labor of the people, but did not see the significance of the construction of the Great Wall to the long-term stability of the Central Plains. Secondly, Meng Tian is just the Great Wall connecting Qin, Zhao and Yan countries, and the engineering quantity is far less than Sima Qian's imagination. Finally, Meng Tian and his son Fu Su wrote to Qin Shihuang many times, demanding that the corvee be reduced. At the same time, they discussed with Fu Su how to arrange manpower reasonably to reduce the corvee. Meng Tian Statue At the same time, 44 counties were set up in Meng Tian along the Yellow River Hetao, all belonging to Jiuyuan County. A set of administrative organs for border control has also been established. In 2 1 1 year BC, more than 30,000 criminals were sent to Zhao He, Yuzhong and other places to cultivate, develop the economy and strengthen the military reserve. These measures have played a positive role in strengthening border defense. In addition, Meng Tian sent troops to Jiuyuan from Xianyang, the capital of Qin State, and built a wide straight road to overcome the traffic jam in Jiuyuan. This not only strengthens the economic and cultural exchanges and integration of the people of all ethnic groups in the north, but also has important strategic significance for mobilizing troops and transporting grain, grass, equipment and materials. General Meng Tian, who was stationed in nine counties for more than ten years, was a great hero of the Huns and was highly respected and trusted by the first emperor. Meng Tian's hometown is located in Liancheng Town, Mengyin County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, in the southwest of Mengyin County, bordering Mengyin Town and Xu Tao Town in the east, Mengyin Town and Luchang Town in the north, and xintai city County and Pingyi County in the west, which is the junction of the three counties. 1In August, 1995, the people of Mengyin County set up the Monument to Mengtian's Hometown in Liancheng Town and the General Pavilion in the county seat. In 2000, Linyi people erected a statue for him in Linyi Square, which was listed as one of the "Top Ten Historical Celebrities" in Linyi. Film and Television Images 2004 TV series "The Legend of Jing Ke": Cao Jun plays Meng Tian; 20 10 TV myth: Ding Zijun plays Meng Tian; 20 10 TV series "daqin to the island": Wu Jingan plays Meng Tian; 20 15 TV series "Ming Yue in Qin Dynasty": Zhang Wenjun plays Meng Tian.