There is no China after Cliff Mountain, and there is no China after Wu Ming!
Battle of yashan
The Battle of Cliff Mountain, also known as the Battle of Yamen, was a battle between Song Jun and Yuan Army in the late Song Dynasty. This war marked the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. China has 300,000 and 500,000 accounts for the number of participants in this war. However, according to Japanese records, the Song and Yuan Dynasties invested more than 500,000 troops (including 200,000 in the Song Dynasty, but these 200,000 people included civil servants and their families, imperial court personnel and ordinary people, and their actual combat effectiveness was only tens of thousands). This battle marked the demise of the Song Dynasty.
Ancient yamen in China
Yamen is called Yamen because there is a cliff mountain in the east and a soup bottle mountain in the west, which extends into the sea like a half-opened door.
General situation of Yashan naval battle
The Battle of Yashan was a battle between the late Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. This war was directly related to the rise and fall of the exiled court in the Southern Song Dynasty, and eventually Song Jun was completely annihilated. After this battle, the Song Dynasty fell, and the Mengyuan regime completely controlled China. This event also marks the decline and fall of Chinese civilization in the classical sense.
Polian' an
After the Yuan army defeated the Song army in the battle of Xiangfan, it pushed Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Deyou (1276), the Song Dynasty failed to negotiate peace, and the five-year-old emperor Song Gongdi surrendered. Yang of Song Duzong, under the escort of his uncle Yang, fled with his son, King Song Er (wangyi Zhao Min and Zhao Min), and met the ministers Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie, Chen Hewen Tianxiang in Jinhua. Then Zhao Min was appointed as the marshal of the military forces in the world, and Zhao Min was appointed as the deputy marshal. Bo Yan, commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army, continued to pursue the two kings, who had to flee to Fuzhou. Soon, Zhao Min, who had just turned 7 years old, proclaimed himself Emperor, and changed his name to "Jingyan". He respected Yang, his biological mother and Queen Yang, named his younger brother Zhao Min as Wang Wei, Zhang Shijie as general, Lu Xiufu signed a book for the Privy Council, Chen as prime minister, and Wen Tianxiang organized anti-Yuan work.
The pace of destroying the song dynasty
After Zhao Yun proclaimed himself emperor, the Yuan Dynasty stepped up efforts to destroy the Song Dynasty. In the second year of Song Duanzong Jingyan (1277), Fuzhou fell, and Song Duanzong went into exile in Quanzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhang Shijie's request to borrow a boat was rejected by Quanzhou Shipping Company and Arab businessman Pu Shougeng, and then Pu Shougeng, who had been treacherous for a long time, surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty. Zhang Shijie hijacked a ship and went to sea, so the exiled court in the Southern Song Dynasty had to go to Guangdong. Song Duanzong was ready to flee to Leizhou, but unexpectedly, he was hit by a typhoon, the emperor's boat capsized, and Duanzong almost drowned and got sick. Chen, the prime minister of Zuo, suggested taking Song Duanzong to Zhancheng (now southern Vietnam) and taking the city himself, but the two kings called him back several times, but he didn't come back. Finally, he fled to Siam (now Thailand) and died there. Duanzong fell ill in the water and died soon. His younger brother, Zhao Haoqi Min of Wei, acceded to the throne at the age of seven, and his title was Auspicious. After Zhao Min acceded to the throne, Lu Xiufu, the left prime minister, and Zhang Shijie, the teacher of the Prince, escorted Zhao Min to Yashan, and set up a stronghold in the local area, ready to continue to resist Yuan. Soon, Wen Tianxiang, who was fighting against Yuan in Guangdong, Guangxi and Jiangxi, was not supported by the exiled court, but was captured alive by the Ministry of Zhang Hongfan in Wupoling, Haifeng County, and the anti-Yuan forces on land were eliminated.
Attack the court in Zhao Min.
In the second year of Xiangxing (1279), Zhang Hongfan, the general who sent Han to surrender in the Yuan Dynasty, attacked the Zhao Min court. Later, Hengli, a descendant of Xixia who captured Guangzhou not long ago, also led reinforcements to join Zhang Hongfan's army. At this time, Song Jun's army claimed to be more than 200,000, including non-combatants such as civil servants, maids and eunuchs100,000, and more than 2,000 ships of various kinds. Zhang Hongfan and Hengli of the Yuan Army have 10 more than 10,000 troops (originally 300,000) and hundreds of warships. At this time, there is a suggestion within Song Jun to occupy the Gulf exit first and protect the retreat route to the west. In order to prevent soldiers from escaping, Zhang Shijie vetoed the proposal and ordered the burning of palaces, houses and strongholds on land; More than 1000 Song Jun ships were connected in the bay with long ropes in the form of "serial ships", and Zhao Min's "Dragon Boat" was arranged in the middle of the military array. Yuan military boats carrying thatch and grease set fire to Song boats. However, the ships in the Song Dynasty were all mud-covered, and a long piece of wood was placed horizontally on each ship to resist the fire attack of the Yuan Army. In the Yuan Dynasty, the navy failed to attack by fire, so it blocked the bay and cut off the road for the army to pump water and cut firewood in Song Jun. Song Jun ate dry food for more than ten days, and the soldiers who drank seawater vomited. Zhang Shijie led Fang Xingri to fight against the Yuan Army, Zhang Hongfan captured Han, Zhang Shijie's niece, and failed to surrender to Zhang Shijie three times.
Yashan decisive battle
In the second year of Xiangxing (1279), Zhang Hongfan was ready to storm, and some people in the Yuan Army suggested using artillery first. HongFan thought that the cannon would disturb Song Lu Xiufu's back and throw his little emperor into the sea.
The word formation of the army is easy to retreat. Tomorrow, Zhang Hongfan will divide the troops into four roads, and Song Jun into three roads: East, South and North. Hong Fan led the army away from Song Jun, taking playing music as the general attack signal. First of all, the northern army failed to attack the northern part of Song Jun, and Hengli and others went with the flow. Yuan Jun pretended to be having fun, but Song Jun thought Yuan Jun was having a party, so he relaxed a little. At noon, Zhang Hongfan's navy launched a frontal attack, then covered the pre-built and ambush ship building with cloth and sounded the golden bell as an attack signal. The ambush fell with a negative shield and approached the Song ship in the rain. The warships of the two sides approached, and the Yuan army sounded the golden bell and withdrew its cloth to fight. At one time, it even broke seven Song ships. The Song Division was defeated, and the Yuan Army fought all the way to the center of Song Jun. At this time, Zhang Shijie saw that the tide was gone, dispatched a good soldier, and led more than ten ships with Su Liuyi in advance, cut off the big cable and broke away. Zhao Min's ship is in the middle of the army. Lu Xiufu, 43, saw that he couldn't break through, so he jumped into the sea with Zhao Min, 8 years old on his back, and1100,000 soldiers and civilians with him also jumped into the sea and died heroically! According to the History of Song Dynasty, after the war, there were100000 corpses floating in the sea. Zhang Shijie hopes to find the descendants of Zhao in the Song Dynasty in the name of Queen Yang, and then draw a picture; However, after hearing the news of Min's death, Queen Yang also committed suicide by jumping into the sea, and Zhang Shijie buried her by the sea. Soon, Zhang Shijie unfortunately drowned in the storm at the foot of Pingzhang Mountain (about in the sea near Hailing Island in the southwest of Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province).
poetic masterpiece through the ages
The Battle of Yashan was the last organized resistance to Mongolian aggression in Song Dynasty. More than 65,438+10,000 people died in the sea, preferring death to surrender. After this war, China was completely occupied by foreign countries for the first time in history. The Battle of Yashan was also an important turning point in the history of China. The process of China's independent development was interrupted. The once highly developed economy, culture, science and technology, the bureaucratic system combining imperial examination with clan, limited imperial power and advanced political system were all interrupted. The Yuan Dynasty, ruled by backward Mongols, began to implement a closed, conservative, light industrial and commercial system and a more centralized system, and formally regarded Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism as the main content of the imperial examination and the official government thought. Then the Ming Dynasty, which overthrew Meng Yuan, embarked on a conservative and closed road. Many foreign historians regard the demise of the Song Dynasty as the end of China in the classical sense. As the saying goes, "There is no China behind the cliff".
Yashan funeral
After the Yamen naval battle 1 day, that is, on the morning of February 7, there were 65438+ 10,000 floating bodies at sea. Lu Xiufu's body was found and buried by the people; The body of the little emperor Zhao Min was discovered by the Yuan Army. I saw a child with fine features, wearing a dragon robe, a crown and an imperial edict. Yuan Bing handed the decree to Zhang Hongfan, and Zhang Hongfan confirmed that the child was Zhao Min and sent someone to retrieve it. However, Zhao Min's body was gone. It is said that it was buried by people in Chiwan Village, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, and it is still there.
After the Battle of Yashan, the Song Dynasty perished. The Yuan Dynasty made Zhang Hongfan throw its weight around, and ordered people to carve twelve characters on the cliffs, "Zhang Hongfan, the general of the town, destroyed the Song Dynasty here". However, Zhang Hongfan was not proud for a long time, which facilitated his death in the following year (1280). Later generations were ashamed of Zhang Hongfan's behavior of first lowering the Mongolian Yuan and then inviting soldiers to attack the Song Dynasty, so they changed the big character to "Song destroyed Zhang Hongfan here".
After the cliff mountain, three-quarters of the Han people in the hukou book of the Song Dynasty were slaughtered. At that time, the social elites of the Han nationality either lived in seclusion overseas or threw themselves into the sea. After the Yamen naval battle, there were 65,438+10,000 floating corpses at sea. The Battle of Yashan was the last organized resistance to Mongolian aggression in Song Dynasty. 65438+ ten thousand soldiers and civilians were buried in the sea. Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with his young emperor, preferring death to surrender. After this war, China was completely occupied by foreign countries for the first time in history. The Battle of Yashan was also an important turning point in the history of China. The process of China's independent development was interrupted, with the once highly developed economy, culture, science and technology, the bureaucratic system of combining imperial examination with clan, limited imperial power at the beginning and advanced political system. Many foreign historians regard the demise of the Song Dynasty as the end of China in the classical sense, and the so-called "after the cliff, there is no China". After the Song Dynasty, confident, open and tolerant people disappeared: in the Yuan Dynasty, the Han people in the north were third-class subjects, while the Han people in the south were fourth-class subjects. Han people are untouchables most of the time. The Song Dynasty was not only the most developed dynasty in traditional culture, economy and science and technology in China, but also the era when capitalism in China began to sprout. At that time, China accounted for more than half of the world's GDP. At that time, the economic strength, science and technology and civilization of the Song Dynasty were the first in the world. For China, the Song Dynasty was the Renaissance. China culture at this time is an active and open culture. The Han Dynasty was strong, the Tang Dynasty was strong and the Song Dynasty was prosperous. China culture reached its peak in the Song Dynasty. Song is the dynasty closest to modern management in China history, and the peak of China culture faded with the demise of Song. There would be no China beyond the Cliff Mountain, which was the first viewpoint put forward by Japanese historians that the dynasty after the Song Dynasty was no longer the first month of Chinese civilization, and even thought that Japan was the first month to inherit Chinese culture. After the war of Yashan, that is, after the death of Song Dynasty, China culture and China regime became two completely different concepts in the eyes of the Japanese. The traditional culture of China that they worshipped is still the same today. But in the eyes of the Japanese, China's political system is no longer associated with China culture. Japanese poetry of past dynasties can imitate China's, and it is very colorful. However, after the Song Dynasty, Japanese works were rarely seen-because the invasion of Mongolia cut off the umbilical cord that existed between China and Japan for more than 1000 years, and Japan embarked on the road of free development after losing irrigation from the source of traditional culture. After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, he did some valuable work in restoring China's traditional civilization. The rule of the Ming Dynasty for nearly 300 years basically restored the characteristics of traditional Han civilization. Of course, the fairly mature economy developed in the Southern Song Dynasty has not fully recovered during the nearly one hundred years of Mongolian and Yuan rule. The destroyed national culture may not be fully restored. Since the point of view has been put forward, there is always a place for him. It is a fact that the Han people are inferior. It is a fact that Mongolia destroyed Song Wenhua, and it is also a fact that Mongolia made the Song economy go backwards. There is no China after Cliff Mountain, which is not only right or wrong from a simple angle, but also a shame that a nation is enslaved. The same is true of the saying that there was no China when the Ming Dynasty died. The regime of Han Dynasty was replaced by Manchu in Ming Dynasty. China culture cannot develop independently. Shame of shaving and changing clothes, worship and pursuit of pure China folk customs, and regret of the largest primitive civilization except western civilization.
I don't mean to deny the glory of the Chinese nation here, but I know these views are cold and I can't accept them. Here, I hope my compatriots will give me an answer, analyze it, dialectically deny it, and prove to the Chinese nation that the history of the Chinese nation is eternal! ! !