There are many diseases and insect pests that harm orchids. If not prevented in time, orchids will suffer serious losses. Common diseases are virus disease, white silk disease and leaf spot disease. We should start with improving cultivation conditions and strengthening daily maintenance to prevent them. At the beginning of the disease, the viral diseases were sprayed with aspirin 1000 times; Chloramphenicol injection (1) with 1 kg clear water gonorrhea strain, once a day, twice a day; The leaf spot disease can be sprayed with penicillin 2000 times solution,/kloc-0 times, 2 days/kloc-0 times, for 3-4 times, which can have good effect. The main pests are scale insects, aphids and red spiders. If there are few scale insects on orchid plants, remove them one by one with toothpicks or toothbrushes, and spray 500-700 times malathion on the big ones. Spraying aphids with 500 times solution of 10% aphid lousjing wettable powder has a good effect.

First, simplify the rule of law.

(1) Aphid: 5g of washing powder, 1 .2kg of water, fully stirred, sprayed1time for 3 days, and the insecticidal rate can reach 100%. ⑵ Snail: Pour the beer into a shallow dish and put it on the ground and basin soil. Snails will climb into vegetables and drown when they smell wine. ⑶ Ant: After mashing garlic cloves, dig 3-4 holes in the flowerpot and bury them in the soil. After 2-3 days, ants, earthworms and nematodes in the potted soil will disappear. ⑷ Red Spider: After being lit with mosquito-repellent incense containing pyrethrins, put it in a blue pot, and then sealed with a plastic cover, and smoked 1 hour, the eggs and adults of red spider can be killed. 5. Scale insect: Soak 500g of ripe neem fruit in 1 kg water for more than 1 month, and take the juice for later use. In late spring and early summer, 1: 1000 times solution was used for control; If scale insects are found, they can be killed with 1:500 times solution, three times in a row, five days 1 time.

Second, You Lan's experience in pest control.

1, tobacco. Nicotine and nicotine in cigarettes can control aphids, red spiders, bedbugs, ants and other pests.

Production: ① Soak 40 grams of soil tobacco leaves or tobacco stems in 1 kg water for 24 hours, filter, dilute with the same amount of water, and dissolve with 2-3 grams of washing powder (if cut tobacco is used, the concentration can be higher; Adding washing powder is not only beneficial to adhesion, but also has insecticidal effect. (2) If there is no weighing instrument, you can soak a few cigarette butts with paper removed in about 30 times of water, and then add a little washing powder to dissolve after the water turns brown.

Filter the above liquid medicine and use it. Spray on the front and back of the blade. When the pests are serious, soaking the affected parts of flowers 1-3 hours with tobacco water and soaking plant materials at the same time can effectively kill pests on leaves and in soil. The remaining smoke water can be poured into the ant nest or scattered around the basin to kill ants. Buried cigarette butts without oil can control small flying insects.

Precautions: ① It contains nicotine, so it is not advisable to add vinegar, otherwise it will weaken the insecticidal effect. (2) If washing powder is added, it should be washed with clear water the day after spraying (or immediately after soaking). ③ If it is mainly used for the control of scale insects, it is best to add washing powder or use washing powder alone.

2. garlic. It can prevent and control aphids, red spiders, scale insects, nematodes and other pests, as well as powdery mildew.

Production: Take several cloves of purple garlic produced in the north, peel them, mash them, dilute them with 10-20 times of water, and filter out the residue after 24 hours.

Spray the leaves with the prepared juice; Residue and remaining juice can be poured into the pot to control nematodes and scale insects.

Note: Garlic juice has a certain viscosity. In order to prevent dust accumulation, leaves can be washed after a few days.

3, leeks. It can control aphids, red spiders and other pests, and is more effective against aphids.

Production and use: 500 grams of leek is mashed, added with 1.25 kg of water, soaked for one day and night, filtered, and the supernatant is continuously sprayed three times every other day.

4. onions. It can control aphids, red spiders and other pests, and is more effective against aphids.

Production and use: 20 grams of onion scale petals are soaked in 1 kg of water, and can be used after 24 hours. 1 week is sprayed continuously for 2-3 times. In order to fully separate out the effective components, it can be chopped or mashed and soaked, and then filtered before use.

5. Pepper (dried red pepper). It can control aphids, red spiders, whiteflies, bedbugs and other pests.

Production and use: ① Fully dry pepper and grind it into fine powder, add 50g of pepper noodles into 1 kg water, cook for 10 min, then cool and filter. ② Take a proper amount of dried chili, add 20 times of water and boil for 20 minutes, then cool and filter. ③ Boil 250g dried pepper seeds with 2.5kg water for 30min, cool and filter.

Spray the leaves wet and then powder, and sprinkle a small amount of coarse powder on the basin surface; Spray leaves and soil.

6. plant ash. Can prevent aphids.

Production and use: 1 serving plant ash is soaked in 5 portions of water for 24 hours, filtered and sprayed. Use the above methods to prevent, generally once a month. It is best to use them interchangeably.