First, let's review the development of world energy consumption. Since the industrial revolution in 1970s, the consumption of fossil fuels has increased dramatically. At first it was mainly coal. After entering the 20th century, especially since the Second World War, the exploitation and consumption of oil and natural gas began to increase substantially, and it continued to grow at the rate of 200 million tons per year. Although there were two oil crises in 1970s, and the price of oil rose, the consumption of oil did not show the slightest downward trend. In this regard, the world energy structure has to be changed accordingly, and other forms of energy, such as nuclear energy, hydropower and geothermal energy, have been gradually developed and utilized. Especially after nuclear power generation, a by-product of nuclear weapons, began to be used peacefully by the military in the Second World War, its scale has been continuously developed. Many countries have now entered the era of atomic energy. In Japan, 40% of electricity generation is solved by nuclear energy. So, what is the energy consumption in the world today? Taking 1994 as an example, the total global energy consumption is 9.78 billion tons in terms of oil, of which oil accounts for 39.3%, coal accounts for 28.8% and natural gas accounts for 2 1.6%, so the consumption of fossil fuels accounts for 87.9% of the total, in addition, nuclear energy accounts for 7.3%, and other forms of energy such as hydropower and geothermal energy account for it. As one of the major industrial countries in the world, Japan's annual energy consumption accounts for about 6.5% of the world's total, of which fossil fuels account for 82.4%. Although efforts are being made to develop new energy sources, including hydropower, the proportion is only 5%, and the prospect is not optimistic.

Finally, let's forecast the future energy consumption. At present, the population of the earth is about 6 billion, and it is expected to reach 10 billion by the middle of 2 1 century. Judging from the figures of population growth alone, the growth of energy consumption will be amazing. In addition, the current energy consumption structure is still very different between north and south, that is, the consumption of industrialized countries is 3/4 of the total energy, and the highest per capita energy consumption is in the United States, which is more than five times the world average. China's per capita consumption is still quite low, less than that of the United States110. In addition, many countries are below the world average110. Therefore, the future energy consumption must consider the improvement of living standards and population growth. The picture shows the comparison between world population growth and energy consumption, and the situation of energy shortage can be imagined.

The energy on the earth will be limited, just as cutting down trees without planting trees will turn forests into wasteland. With such a large consumption, the world's energy resources will also be exhausted. At present, the world energy consumption is about 8 billion tons/year in terms of oil, and 2 tons/person/year in terms of 4 billion people. At this consumption rate, by 2040, first of all, oil will be exhausted; By 2060, nuclear energy and natural gas will also end. The energy of the earth can no longer provide the energy demand of nearly11600 million people. With the increase of the world population, the period of energy shortage will come ahead of schedule. Therefore, the development and utilization of new energy in 2 1 century is no longer a topic in the future, but an urgent event related to the fate of future generations.

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