Here are a few examples to help understand working memory, as follows:
Example 1: A math problem put forward by a primary school teacher. An 8-liter container has a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe. The outlet pipe produces 2 liters of water per hour, and the inlet pipe produces 3 liters of water per hour. If the two pipes are opened together, how long can the reservoir be filled? Seeing this, some people will suddenly be at a loss and reread the title, while others may only remember to calculate the difference between water inflow and water outflow per hour. As a result, they looked at the rise of the reservoir and went back to find it. And some people may have listed formulas to get the answer.
Analysis: At this time, the function of working memory is to solve the main problem "how long can it be filled", and at the same time, the information of "8-liter reservoir", "2-liter outlet pipe per hour" and "3-liter inlet pipe per hour" is memorized for a short time in advance, and the information is processed (in this case, the processing method is operation) before solving the problem.
Example 2: Reading the literature, in April this year, CDC and Pfizer reached a cooperation agreement, which enabled vaccine research and development to enter the clinical stage as soon as possible. When you see this sentence, you need to deal with the information in brackets and understand that "CDC" is the abbreviation of "US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" and "Pfizer" is "Pfizer Biopharmaceutical Company". Many times, people may forget the specific content of the main sentence after seeing this information, or only remember part of the information, which leads to obstacles in reading.
Analysis: At this time, the function of working memory is to temporarily understand and memorize the information of "CDC" and "Pfizer" when reading sentence information, and at the same time realize smooth reading comprehension.
In other words, people with poor short-term working memory will have difficulties in calculation and reading, which will lead to the omission of information and the inability to deal with major problems, or often lead to repeated reading in reading, thus increasing memory time and making understanding difficult.
After understanding the daily use and importance of working memory, let's talk about its principle, but first we must understand the three parts of working memory model:
1, the central executive system is the brain system that decides what people pay attention to and organizes and executes a series of activities accordingly.
2. Phonetic ring is information that people can process and keep, speak and write in memory.
3. Visual space sketchpad allows people to manage and remember visual and spatial information.
The general operation flow of the model is: after inputting information, people pay attention to it subjectively, then transmit it to the central executive system, then distribute the spoken and written information to the voice loop for processing, and at the same time distribute the visual and spatial information to the visual space template for processing, and then feed it back to the central executive system to solve the problems that need to be recognized. Finally, over time, some information is stored in long-term memory.
To be continued) ... ...