The new millennium and the first 10 year of the new century will soon pass.
20 10——
This year, China and the world held hands more tightly: the Shanghai World Expo was splendid, showing the achievements of world civilization; China-ASEAN Free Trade Area has been completed with remarkable achievements.
This year, the G-20 has promoted the reform of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund system under the new situation, and the role of developing countries has increased.
This year, the earthquake in Haiti killed more than 200 thousand people; /kloc-the oil spill in the gulf of Mexico on 0/53 caused the worst ecological disaster in American history ... natural and man-made disasters that people often worry about. The story that Chilean miners were trapped underground for 69 days and did not give up, and the whole country spared no effort to rescue them, added a trace of humanity to 20 10.
This year, many European countries are mired in debt crisis and face serious difficulties; The quantitative easing monetary policy of the United States has been bombarded by many parties ... In the post-crisis era, the road to recovery is full of bumps.
This year, the DPRK-ROK friction and the situation on the peninsula warmed up; On the Iranian nuclear issue, the deadlock has not been broken; Thailand's "red shirt army", a large-scale rally triggered armed conflict; Riots broke out in Kyrgyzstan and hundreds of thousands of people were displaced; The chaos in Iraq and Afghanistan ... local turmoil reflects the game and contest of various political forces.
People's Daily and China Radio International invited experts and scholars to jointly select the top ten international news in 20 10.
1 Shanghai World Expo is wonderful.
The exhibition of civilization is beautiful.
The Shanghai World Expo was successfully held from May 1 day to1October 3 1 day. This is the first comprehensive Expo held in China, which has set a number of Expo records: 246 countries and international organizations participated in the Expo, with more than 73.08 million visitors at home and abroad, and the highest daily passenger flow reached 6.5438+0.0328 million.
With the theme of "Better City, Better Life", Shanghai World Expo will display the achievements of urban civilization, exchange urban development experience, spread advanced urban concepts and explore the interactive development between urban and rural areas. This is a "successful, wonderful and unforgettable" world-wide event, which not only spreads the concept of "understanding, communication, gathering and cooperation", but also is a magnificent exhibition of world civilization.
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In 20 10, the largest number of people traveling in China was more than 70 million people who entered and exited the Shanghai World Expo Park.
The World Expo in history has educated and inspired generations of China people who took the lead in opening their eyes to see the world. It used to be a telescope for China to see the West, feel the power of modern civilization and measure the distance from the world. Today, when Chinese people enthusiastically contribute to the World Expo, China has been turned upside down.
Facing the World Expo, China is hungry. China people queued for seven or eight hours or more, not for food and material needs, but to watch a 10 minute movie or an exhibition for more than half an hour, which deeply touched the exhibitors. In this class, the city learned low carbon, the country learned to open up, the government learned the spirit of tolerance and the concept of rule of law, citizens learned the consciousness of introspection and mutual respect and understanding, and children learned to innovate, break through and grow. Through the World Expo, China people's vision crossed the front mountain, accepted all corners of the country, and experienced an enlightening ideological baptism.
(Reporter Li Hongbing)
2 China-ASEAN Free Trade Area was launched.
There has been a breakthrough in regional cooperation in Asia.
65438+ 10/day, China-ASEAN Free Trade Area was officially launched. FTZ has a population of 65,438+900 million, a gross domestic product of 6 trillion US dollars and a total trade volume of 4.5 trillion US dollars. It is the largest FTZ composed entirely of developing countries.
After the launch of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, 90% of the trade products between China and ASEAN can enjoy zero tariff treatment. China's average tariff to ASEAN dropped from 9.8% to 0. 1%, and the average tariff of ASEAN member countries to China also dropped from 12.8% to 0.6%.
Since the launch of the Free Trade Area, the bilateral trade volume between China and ASEAN has increased significantly. From June to September, the bilateral trade volume increased by 43.7% year-on-year, and the annual trade volume is expected to exceed 300 billion US dollars.
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China and ASEAN 10 are both developing countries, and their economic growth is highly dependent on external markets. Changes in the global economy will have a great impact on their economy. In order to cope with the negative impact of economic globalization and adapt to the rapid development of regional economic integration, China-ASEAN Free Trade Area came into being.
The establishment of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area is not only conducive to consolidating and strengthening the friendly and cooperative relations between China and ASEAN, but also conducive to further promoting the economic development of China and ASEAN, expanding the scale of trade and investment between the two sides, promoting the logistics, capital flow and information flow among countries in the region, promoting the development of regional markets, improving the overall competitiveness of the local economy, and promoting the economic integration of ASEAN and the growth of the world economy.
The establishment of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area has also promoted the process of establishing free trade areas among Japan, South Korea and ASEAN.
(Wen Li, deputy director and researcher of the Asia-Pacific Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences)
3 Cheonan and the shelling storm
The security situation on the Korean peninsula is tense.
On March 26th, the South Korean warship Cheonan exploded and sank, killing 46 crew members. The South Korean side claimed that the ship was attacked by a North Korean torpedo, but the DPRK firmly denied it. Both sides come and go, and the situation on the peninsula suddenly heats up. 165438+1On October 23rd, North Korea and South Korea shelled each other near the disputed "northern boundary line" in the western waters of the peninsula. 1From the end of October to the beginning of February, South Korea and the United States held a large-scale joint military exercise in the western waters of South Korea (Yellow Sea). 12 16, the ROK announced that it would hold live-fire shooting training at sea in the waters of Yeonpyeong Island, and the DPRK immediately issued a counterattack warning. The highly sensitive and complex situation on the peninsula is in a critical state. Although the danger of further escalation has been avoided under the active mediation of China, Russia and other parties, the continuous tension on the peninsula has not only affected the security pattern in Northeast Asia and even the entire Asia-Pacific region, but also affected the changes in the world political pattern.
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When welcoming the arrival of 20 1 1, people are glad that there was no large-scale conflict on the Korean peninsula in 20 10 and pray that the situation on the peninsula will develop in the direction of peace and tranquility in the new year. The situation on the peninsula this year can be described by a key word, that is "tension". Faced with the tense situation on the peninsula, the United States successfully demonstrated and strengthened the image of South Korea as a "security protector", continued to control South Korea's wartime military command, and took the opportunity to solve the relocation problem of Japan's Futenma base and strengthen its military presence in East Asia. South Korea used this to strengthen the Korea-US alliance and "corrected" the left-wing government's policy toward the DPRK in 10. Together with the international community, China and Russia have actively mediated in a responsible manner, done a lot of work to persuade peace and promote talks, avoided the situation getting out of control, and made important contributions to peace and stability on the peninsula and even in the Asia-Pacific region.
(Dong, Director, Political Research Office, Asia-Pacific Institute, China Academy of Social Sciences)
4IMF World Bank reform has made progress.
The weight of developing countries has increased.
Significant progress has been made in the reform of the voting rights of the World Bank and the share of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In April, the decision-making body of the World Bank voted to increase the voting rights of developing countries and countries in transition by 3. 13 percentage points as a whole, and increase their voting rights to 47. 19%. The representation of developing countries in these two international financial institutions has increased significantly. According to the share reform plan adopted by the IMF Executive Board on June 5438+065438+ 10, developed countries will transfer more than 6% of their shares to emerging market countries and developing countries, among which China's share will rise from 3.72% to 6.39%, ranking third after the United States and Japan. At the same time, European countries agreed to give two seats on the IMF Executive Board to developing countries. This is the most fundamental governance reform of the IMF with 187 members in the past 65 years, and it is also the largest share transfer scheme for emerging market countries and developing countries.
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As two international financial institutions founded by the Bretton Woods system after World War II, the reform of IMF and World Bank is of great historical significance. This is the first time in more than 60 years that the two institutions have taken improving the representation and voice of developing countries as their main reform goal, reflecting the increasing weight of emerging market countries and developing countries as a whole in the world economic map.
However, reform is still not enough. The United States still has a "one-vote veto" in major decisions of the IMF and the World Bank, and the leading positions of the two institutions are still held by Europeans and Americans. Therefore, the share and voting rights reform of international financial institutions is only a starting point and will go through a long-term dynamic process. International financial institutions still have a lot of work to do in improving their own functions, selecting management according to the principle of fairness and merit, and promoting the diversification of internal personnel.
The European debt crisis is spreading.
The rescue plan has kept the euro stable.
On April 27th, the international rating agency Standard & Poor's downgraded Greece's credit rating again, and then the credit ratings of Portugal and Spain were successively downgraded. The European sovereign debt crisis, which first broke out in Greece at the end of 2009, is spreading. On May 2, the European Union launched a rescue mechanism for Greece, and the European Union and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) jointly provided Greece with1100 billion euros in aid. 10 in may, the eu decided to set up a rescue plan with the IMF totaling 750 billion euros to ensure the stability of the euro. 65438+ 10 In June, Ireland also applied for assistance. 165438+1On October 28th, the European Union approved a total of 85 billion euros in aid programs to love. In response to the debt crisis, many countries in the euro zone were forced to adopt fiscal austerity policies, which triggered strong public dissatisfaction and protests.
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The European debt crisis originated in Greece, and then spread to Ireland, with the possibility of expanding to other countries. The real trigger of this crisis is the international financial crisis and economic crisis triggered by the US subprime mortgage crisis. The underlying reasons are the unbalanced development of EU member States and the prominent structural contradictions, as well as the institutional defects in the euro zone. In addition, American rating agencies have repeatedly downgraded the credit ratings of debtor countries.
In order to prevent the spread of the crisis, Europe launched a euro defense war, established a stability mechanism, revised the Lisbon Treaty, pushed forward fiscal austerity policies, strengthened pan-European financial supervision, and established a permanent mechanism to deal with the debt crisis and a supervision mechanism to prevent systemic financial risks.
In fact, the European debt crisis is a secondary crisis in which private debt spreads to sovereign debt, and it is only the tip of the iceberg of the overall debt chain of developed countries. The western debt crisis, especially the high debt of the United States, is a huge "time bomb". Once detonated, the wealth of global creditors will be swallowed up.
(Chen Fengying, Director and Researcher, Institute of World Economics, China Institute of Contemporary International Relations)
The World Cup in South Africa was successfully held.
It is of great significance for Africa to win respect.
From June 1 1 day to July 1 1 day, the19th World Cup was held in the Republic of South Africa, which has the reputation of "rainbow country". Spain won the championship for the first time and became the eighth champion team in the history of the World Cup. South Africa's beautiful environment, enthusiastic people and unique culture are integrated with the World Cup, which is deeply imprinted in the minds of global audiences. The first World Cup soccer tournament held on the African continent not only provided an unprecedented competitive feast for the whole world, but also opened a window for the world to re-recognize a peaceful, friendly and open Africa, and pushed Africa into Center Stage where the world cultures are integrated.
The success and splendor of the World Cup in South Africa not only won international reputation for South Africa, but also won respect for Africa as a whole, and was regarded as a symbol of African rejuvenation. Former South African President nelson mandela believes that the World Cup in South Africa will surely become one of the "greatest" events in the history of the African continent.
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Compared with the quarrels and frictions in some international affairs, the World Cup in South Africa has brought more joy to the world. No one thinks this excitement is lasting, but human beings need peace and civilization too much and look forward to staying away from poverty and sadness. Real life determines the ideals and pursuits of people all over the world, and the voice of vuvuzela on the South African court releases depression and frustration. Whether you like football or not, whether you appreciate the Latin style of play in Spain or not, what you want is the feeling of joy. The World Cup has satisfied billions of people. At the same time, getting out of the predicament of economic and social development as soon as possible requires not only wisdom and subjective efforts, but also an objective opportunity. The World Cup has brought unprecedented popularity and benefits to South Africa and even the entire African continent, thus revitalizing the economy, reshaping the image and promoting national rejuvenation. Isn't such a good thing a memorable event on 20 10?
(Reporter Wang Dawei)
Earthquakes, volcanoes and floods often cause serious damage.
The development of mankind has experienced great tests.
12 10/2, an earthquake measuring 7.3 on the Richter scale struck the Caribbean island of Haiti, killing more than 200,000 people and leaving millions homeless. Port-au-Prince, the capital, was in ruins, and eight Chinese peacekeeping policemen died unfortunately. Nine months later, the cholera epidemic in Haiti spread widely after the earthquake. By February 22nd,120,000 people had been treated and more than 2,600 people had died. Since February, strong earthquakes and tsunamis have occurred in the waters near Chile and Indonesian mentawai islands. /kloc-in April, a volcano erupted near the Eyjafjallajokull ice sheet in Iceland, covering many European countries for several days, causing air traffic paralysis in Europe and economic losses exceeding 10 billion euros. In June+10, 5438, Mount Merapi in Indonesia erupted continuously, which directly affected the air traffic in the Asia-Pacific region. In summer, Pakistan suffered the worst rainstorm and flood in 8 1 year. More than 1/4 of the whole country became Shui Ze, and about 20 million people were affected. In winter, Europe and America suffered an unprecedented snowstorm, which greatly tested the local traffic and daily life.
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The frequent occurrence of global natural disasters this year is a serious signal for countries to improve their disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. It cannot be ignored that most of these disasters occur in developing countries, especially in Asia and Latin America. The Asia-Pacific Disaster Report 20 10 issued by the 4th United Nations Ministerial Conference on Disaster Reduction in Asia shows that the Asia-Pacific region has created14 of the world's GDP, but it also bears 85% of the deaths and 42% of the economic losses caused by global natural disasters. Due to climate change, natural disasters are increasing day by day, and developing countries and low-and middle-income countries are bound to face more risks because of their relatively backward ability to resist and reduce disasters. How to improve the ability of developing countries to resist natural disasters and strengthen the early warning of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, volcanic eruptions and other disasters has become a major issue that human beings need to face together.
(Reporter Wang Jiake)
Wikileaks even leaked secrets.
Information data security faces challenges.
On April 5, Wikileaks released a video of American troops shooting at civilians in Baghdad, which caused an uproar. Subsequently, Wikileaks repeatedly exposed confidential documents against the United States: on July 25, more than 90 thousand secret documents related to the war in Afghanistan were made public; 10 year122 October, nearly 400,000 documents about the Iraq war were published; 165438+1October 28th, more than 250,000 confidential US diplomatic documents were exposed. The exposure of these documents has seriously dealt a blow to the diplomatic and military image of the United States. The U.S. government has constantly "put out the fire" and stepped up its efforts to block and suppress websites. Some commercial websites and companies have announced that they will stop their cooperation with Wikileaks. On February 7th, 65438, julian assange, the founder of this website, was arrested in London, England, and charged with sexual assault. 16, released on bail pending trial.
Wikileaks insists on continuing its normal operation and transferring its data center to underground nuclear facilities in Sweden. Just one day before Assange was arrested, Wikileaks also published a list of official secrets of the United States, listing facilities around the world that may have a significant impact on US national security. Wikileaks supporters organized hackers to retaliate by attacking online payment websites and related government websites. The debate about Wikileaks is escalating.
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Leaker Assange chose to disclose American war secrets and diplomatic documents in an attempt to "change the world." Of course, this made the Obama administration encounter unprecedented diplomatic embarrassment, but it also made Assange an object of disgust in Europe and America. He became the "public enemy" of the United States because of leaking secrets and became the annual candidate of Time magazine. The development of Internet and other scientific and technological means has accelerated the information flow, but at the same time, it has put forward higher requirements for protecting information security. In fact, Wikileaks only provides a platform for leaking secrets, and blocking the source of information obtained by the leaker is the key to the problem.
The oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico lasted for five months.
The harm of ecological disaster is incalculable.
On April 20th, BP's Deepwater Horizon drilling platform exploded in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, causing the worst oil spill in American history. 1 1 workers were killed in the explosion. BP used various methods to plug the oil spill, but the effect was not satisfactory. Until September 19, the oil well was blocked, and about 4.9 million barrels of crude oil leaked into the sea, which seriously polluted the waters of the Gulf of Mexico and had a great impact on the ecosystem, fisheries and tourism of five coastal States, namely Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida.
BP spent nearly10 billion dollars to deal with the oil spill, and its reputation was seriously damaged. The incident directly led the US government to announce the suspension of new deep-sea oil exploration plans and focus on ensuring that the Gulf of Mexico and its coastal areas "fully recover from the disaster".
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It took up to five months before and after plugging the oil spill well in the Gulf of Mexico, and the whole process was full of twists and turns. If the incident itself exposes the irresponsible behavior of BP driven by interests, then the long process of plugging the oil well shows that the US government is slow and inefficient.
The oil spill not only dealt a heavy blow to BP, but also caused its stock value to shrink sharply and its reputation to plummet. At the same time, the American government has been criticized and its image has been seriously damaged. In particular, a large number of crude oil spills have caused serious ecological disasters in this sea area, with lasting and far-reaching effects, and economic losses are even more difficult to measure with money. In the words of US President Barack Obama, the embarrassing situation caused by the oil spill is no less than the "9. 1 1" incident. Although this matter has passed, how to avoid the recurrence of such incidents is worth pondering.
(Reporter Luo Lei)
1033 Chilean miners trapped in deep wells
69 days of successful rescue is a miracle.
On August 5, a serious landslide occurred in the San Jose copper mine near the northern Chilean city of Kobiabo. Thirty-three miners were trapped underground for 700 meters, and were found after 17 days, and all were rescued after 69 days, setting a new record for the longest trapped time of 50 days in the history of mine disasters in the world.
On the day of the mine disaster, Chile launched a big rescue for the trapped miners. After more than two months of careful planning and preparation, 33 miners successfully rose to the ground in the "Phoenix 2" rescue capsule on June 65438+1October 65438+March. Many countries lend a helping hand and participate in rescue operations, and rescue machinery and equipment made in China also play an active role. This last rescue, which lasted for nearly 23 hours, attracted worldwide attention and was called "the miracle in the history of world rescue".
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It's no accident or luck that 33 miners were successfully rescued 69 days after being trapped nearly 700 meters underground. If there are no relatively perfect safety facilities such as emergency shelters and cannot provide food, water and oxygen underground, miners trapped for 69 days will not have a miracle of survival; Without careful rescue plan and perseverance, these 33 lives will not be "reborn".
The rescue process of trapped miners in Chile shows the brilliance of human nature and the love cohesion across national boundaries everywhere. American nutritionists' recipes, technical support from China and Australia, Japanese special underwear ... love and confidence created the "Chile miracle", and perfect details ensured the success of the rescue. From disaster to miracle. Chile has created the largest history of mine rescue for mankind, which has also condensed people's hearts and enhanced the national image.
This successful rescue operation also has positive reference significance for mining enterprises and high-risk industries all over the world.