Its principle is to place a metal stent between portal vein and hepatic vein, establish shunt, reduce portal vein pressure, and embolize varicose esophageal and gastric fundus vein to achieve hemostasis effect.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (trans- jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) is an artificial shunt formed by inserting a stent through jugular vein puncture and establishing a channel between portal vein and systemic vein (mainly hepatic vein) in the liver. It is used to relieve portal hypertension and treat cirrhosis and its complications, such as ascites due to cirrhosis, esophageal variceal bleeding, hepatorenal syndrome and so on.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is an effective method to treat liver cirrhosis and its complications, but it also has certain risks, such as local thrombosis and hepatic encephalopathy, which need to be selected reasonably according to the condition under the guidance of doctors.
TIPS has the advantages of less trauma, high success rate, reliable portal vein decompression, simultaneous disconnection and few complications. In addition, the application of interventional minimally invasive technology can adjust the size of shunt channel to meet the needs of different individuals, thus avoiding excessive shunt and reducing the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy. The success rate of TIPS technology can reach 95%.
In terms of clinical efficacy, the immediate hemostasis rate of TIPS in the treatment of active varicose bleeding reached 90%. The effective rate of preventing rebleeding is 70%, and it has a certain effect on intractable ascites caused by portal hypertension. The main factor affecting TIPS is postoperative shunt stenosis or occlusion, that is, hepatic encephalopathy, which is difficult to control.