Flowering period-March to August
Use parts-flowers, leaves, stems, roots
About flower language
Dandelion: It has vibrant yellow flowers, and the flower language is "irresistible love".
Purple Dandelion: A lilac dandelion, whose flower language is' legendary purple' and its attribute is darkness.
Flying arrow dandelion: dandelion named flying arrow, which means' aiming at marbles' in flower language, belongs to the wind.
Related legends
According to legend, a long time ago, a girl of 16 years old suffered from a breast abscess. Her breasts are red and swollen and the pain is unbearable. But she was ashamed to speak, so she had to hold back. It was known by her mother. It was a feudal society at that time, and her mother lacked knowledge. She had never heard of an older girl suffering from a breast abscess, thinking that her daughter had done something shameful. Seeing that her mother doubted her virginity, the girl was ashamed and angry, and even more ashamed to see anyone. She made up her mind to sneak out of the house at night and throw herself into the river. Coincidentally, there was a fishing boat by the river, and a husband named Pu and his daughter Xiaoying were fishing in the moonlight. They rescued the girl and asked the root cause of the river. The next day, Xiaoying dug grass from the mountain according to his father's instructions. The green lanceolate leaves are covered with white filamentous hairs, with serrated edges and a loose white fluffy ball at the top. When the wind blows, it separates and floats in the air, like a parachute. Xiaoying picked the grass back, washed it, mashed it into mud, and put it on the girl's breast carbuncle, and it will soon be fine. Later, the girl took the grass home and planted it. In memory of the fisherman's father and daughter, this weed is called dandelion, or Gongying for short.
Every flower has a legend.
Dandelion is no exception.
It is said that "whoever can find purple dandelion will get perfect love." There is also a love story that says, "A long time ago, there was a big family with prominent officials, and there was a little daughter named Chaoyang, who was very beautiful, intelligent, virtuous and kind, and won the favor of her parents. But when Chaoyang grew up to seventeen or eighteen, he had not found a suitable husband, because Chaoyang didn't like the playboy of dignitaries and his parents didn't want his beloved daughter to leave them, so he was very uneasy about it.
One day, Chaoyang was playing in the street with a close-fitting maid. She saw a handsome young man with herbs. The young man was dressed in coarse clothes and wore an old towel to wipe the sweat on his shoulders, but he was handsome and heroic. Handsome men who collected herbs also noticed the beautiful sunrise, but they could only smile at each other, because the traditional concept at that time was that men and women could not distinguish between giving and receiving. When Chaoyang watched the young man disappear in the crowd, her heart was taken away.
Meeting in the street left a deep impression on each other's hearts. Chaoyang often asks people about that Chinese medicine doctor. She knows that her favorite husband is Pugong. He once read a lot of poems and learned a lot, but later his parents died young and his family was poor, so he made a living by collecting medicines. Pugong often thinks of Chaoyang, but he thinks of his poor family and inferiority.
Nothing in this world is unforgettable. Both Pugong and Chaoyang are lovesick and miss each other all the time. They finally put aside secular and traditional ideas, secretly dated many times, and made a lifelong commitment to each other, only wishing to be together forever. Finally, one day, Chaoyang summoned up his courage and said shyly to his parents, "Dad, Mom, there is a young man named Pu Gong who collects herbs ... My daughter thought ... My parents immediately understood her daughter's thoughts, because they have heard about it for a long time. Father said: "Chaoyang, you are not young." Marriage is the happiness of your life. Pugong comes from a humble background. You should know that your parents are doing it for your own good.
When Chaoyang told his parents about it again, he was strongly opposed by his parents. His father said in a serious tone, "We will never agree. He can't marry my dear daughter. "
"yes! We really can't bear to let you suffer! Son, you have to understand! " Said the mother shed tears of helplessness.
The stubborn Chaoyang said with tears: "I won't marry unless Pugong doesn't marry in this life. If you don't agree to your daughter's marriage, her daughter will have to repay your kindness in the next life. " Then she rushed out of the room. ...
Parents have never been stubborn about their daughters, and even more unwilling to lose their beloved daughters, they reluctantly agreed. A beautiful and happy smile appeared on Chaoyang's face, and of course Pugong was extremely moved and happy. However, after their marriage, parents and relatives still have a lot of dissatisfaction and discrimination against Pu Gong. When Chaoyang saw the attitude of her parents and relatives, she couldn't figure out why her parents who loved her so much refused her beloved husband. After consulting with Pu Gong, Chaoyang made a willing decision-wandering around the world.
Chaoyang and Pugong later wandered to a beautiful mountain village, where there was a broken tile kiln to keep out the cold, and there was a stream in front of it. There are many blue wildflowers by the stream, and they decided to live here. Although life in the tile kiln is hard, they live happily, and Chaoyang also gave birth to a very beautiful daughter. The day when Chaoyang gave birth to her daughter Lan by the stream.
However, due to the chaotic situation, before long, Pu Gong was forced to join the army to fight, and the trip was eighteen years!
Eighteen years, no news of Pu Gongyao. Chaoyang took Lan Ruo to stick to the earthen kiln, and her parents gave her food and clothes. Those rich young men seduced her with gold, silver and jewels, but she still looked at her beloved Pu Gong without any regrets. She takes Lan Ruo up the mountain every day, standing on the hillside overlooking the distance, waiting for Pugong's return. For eighteen years, their mother and daughter only relied on an unknown mountain wild flower to fill their stomachs. When the wild flowers are dry, take them back to the earthen kiln to keep warm. Chaoyang and Lanruo walked around the nearby mountains with baskets. Later, they found that this kind of wild flower is not only edible, but also has therapeutic and cosmetic effects. The reason is that Chaoyang once accidentally fell down while picking flowers and scratched his skin. Because there was no money to see a doctor, Chaoyang had to lie on the dry wild flowers in the kiln to recuperate. The next day, she found that the injury was not serious. She saw that the scratch was a little dry. In particular, Lan Ruo looks like a peach blossom and is as beautiful as a fairy after taking this wild flower for a long time, and washes his face with a stream full of wild flowers. Every time the morning sun takes Lan Ruo to see the white wild flowers fluttering in the wind on the hillside, she will say to her daughter Lan Ruo, "Look, how beautiful they are dancing in the wind. They are looking for partners in the sky one by one and falling to every corner of the earth, and there will be a brighter life next year."
Eighteen years later, a great piece of good news came to Chaoyang like a spring breeze, and Pu Gong came back! And because of his outstanding military exploits, he became a general. Hearing this, Chaoyang was extremely excited and happy ... The news that she had been looking forward to 18 made her too excited. The lovesickness of Chaoyang became sick and she fainted.
The earthen kiln remains the same, but the love of the past is like yesterday in Pu Gong and Chaoyang's heart. Pugong loves to brush the gray temples of Iraqis, and his eyes are blurred.
On his deathbed, Chaoyang said to Pu Gong with infinite affection, "Take good care of Lan Ruo, remember the wild flowers all over the mountains? Bring them to the front, they can not only eat, but also cure diseases. When you miss me, they will fly around you with the wind! " . After that, the morning sun turned into countless white flowers flying in the sky. Later, Pugong left the tile kiln with Lan Ruo and many wild flowers. When Pugong marched tens of thousands of miles, he would take out those wild flowers and let them fall to the earth with the wind. From then on, beautiful and independent wildflowers can be seen everywhere. "
Cultivation Techniques of Medicinal and Edible Giant Dandelion "Mingxian 1"
1. Botanical Characteristics of Giant Dandelion "Mingxian 1"
Dandelion Mingxian 1 has thick fleshy roots; Basal leaves, narrow oblanceolate leaves, sharp apex or shield-shaped, with backward pinnate cleft at the edge, 20-65 cm long, up to 80 cm wide, about 50- 100 mm; Flowers are extracted from leaves, and the diameter of flower head is 25-40 mm; The involucre is bell-shaped, with a length of 13-25mm, green and a tapering tip of 4- 10mm. Tongue flower, bright yellow; There are many scape, which can reach more than 100 branches, and the height of scape is 20-70 cm; Achene yellow-brown, 3-4 mm long; There are a large number of mucro processes above the middle, and the rest are small tumor-like processes. The tip suddenly shrinks into a beak base, with a length of 0.4-0.6 mm, a beak length of 7- 12 mm, a white hair, a length of 6-8 mm, and a thousand-grain weight of 0.68 g; The flowering period begins in early April and enters the full fruit stage in early May. The full fruiting period lasts about 15 days, with sporadic flowering throughout the year and a concentrated fruiting period from September to June.
2. Cultivation techniques of giant dandelion "Mingxian 1"
1. Land selection and preparation. Dandelion has strong adaptability and can survive in most soils, but artificial cultivation should choose sunny, fertile and irrigated sandy loam land. Land depth is 25-30cm, per 10000m? Apply 30,000-40,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, fine and flat, and prepare the soil for sowing.
2. Sow and raise seedlings. Dandelion can be sown from April to September. Seeds have no dormancy characteristics, and their vigor decreases rapidly after harvest. It is best to choose newly harvested new seeds for sowing in late May. Can be used for direct seeding or seedling transplanting. Generally speaking, direct seeding is done by drilling holes. After watering the soles of the feet, shallow furrows are opened at the interval of 25-30cm, and 500g seeds are used per mu. After sowing, the land can be leveled. Special seedbed is needed for seedling raising, sowing at 5g/m2, covering soil below 0.5cm, and emergence in 7- 15 days. Remove weeds as soon as possible.
Step 3 plant. When the height of the seedlings in the seedling boundary reaches more than 10cm and the seedlings have more than 4 true leaves, they can be planted. According to different cultivation purposes, different plant spacing is adopted. Medicinal and edible cultivation, the plant spacing is generally 25cm×25cm, which can reduce the density in better plots. For ornamental purposes, it can be planted in a deep dish, or the density can be adjusted according to the shape of the green belt. After planting, irrigate planting water and seedling slowing water, and then intertillage to weed.
4. On-site management. Weeds should be removed in time at the seedling stage of direct seeding, and weeds can be removed together with thinning seedlings. After the second thinning, the seedlings were fixed according to the plant spacing of 25cm×25cm. If the above-ground parts are not harvested in that year, they should promote growth, which is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients in the roots. Topdressing twice, mainly with available nitrogen fertilizer. It can blossom and bear fruit in the second year, and water topdressing before flowering and after bearing fruit 1 time. At this time, dandelion leaves have completely covered the ground, but some big grass has been pulled out in the ground. For ornamental purposes, yellow leaves and irregular flower beds should be removed in time, mature flower beds should be removed when they are in full bloom, and newly opened flowers should be removed from fruits. Every year in late autumn, after the overground part turns yellow, it should be cleaned in time to prevent germs and pests from overwintering in the cultivation area.
5. Pest control. Dandelion has strong disease resistance and seldom gets sick. Most of the infected bacteria are caused by underground pests biting their roots. Dandelion root system is fleshy straight root system, and underground pests are more serious. Underground pests mainly include crickets and ground tigers. The control method is to turn over the soil and irrigate in winter one year in advance in the plot where dandelion is planted, which can kill eggs, larvae and some overwintering pupae. You can also use sweet and sour liquid, horse manure and light to lure insects and concentrate on killing them in the morning; Stir-fry 5 kg of bean cake or wheat bran, or cook it with 5 kg of snake valley, air-dry it until it is half dry, then mix the bait with 90% crystal trichlorfon 150 g of water, and spread it on the ground or seedbed with 1.5-2.5 kg of bait per mu; When the underground pests are seriously damaged, 5% phoxim granules 1- 1.5 kg can be mixed with fine soil 15-30kg, and then scattered on the ground for ploughing, or toxic soil can be applied in the ditch before planting. When planted for human medicine, chemical reagents are not used to kill insects.
Harvest. Do not harvest the leaves in the first year of sowing, and start harvesting in the second year. For medicinal purposes, when harvesting the whole grass, the whole grass can be excavated in the early flowering period of spring and autumn plants. When planted as a vegetable, the whole plant is not harvested. When the leaves grow to more than 30cm, they can be cut and picked at the early flowering stage. Rotten leaves are removed in stages and packaged. 4-5 crops can be mowed every year, and the yield per mu can reach 3500-4000 kg. Dandelion seeds are ripe in May, so they should be harvested in time, otherwise they will be easily blown away by the wind. It is better to use a vacuum cleaner when harvesting, which is obviously more efficient than manual harvesting.
geographical distribution
Most of them are distributed in the northern hemisphere. Distributed in northeast, north, east, central, northwest and southwest China. Born on the roadside, wasteland, garden, etc.
morphological character
Perennial herb, 10 ~ 25 cm tall, containing white milk. The root is long, single or branched, and the outer skin is yellow-brown. Leaves have roots, arranged in a rosette shape, narrowly oblanceolate, with large-headed pinnate or pinnate, triangular lobes, entire or with several teeth, slightly blunt or sharp apex, tapering to stalks at the base, and slender silky hairs for those without hair. Flowering stems are shorter or equal in length than leaves, elongate when bearing fruit, and the upper part is densely covered with white beaded hairs. The head is simple, the end is about 3.5cm; Dragon; The involucral bracts are herbaceous, green, partly reddish or purplish red, with or without horns and white beaded hairs at the top; Tongue-shaped flowers are bright yellow, truncated at the top, 5 teeth, bisexual. Achenes oblanceolate, khaki or yellowish brown, with longitudinal edges and transverse tumors. The transverse tumor above the middle layer has spinous process, beak at the top and white crown hair at the top. Flowering in early spring and late autumn. Born on roadsides, fields and hillsides. Produced all over the country.
Ecological habit
It is not as beautiful as the flowers of peaches and plums, nor as fragrant as roses, but it spreads the breath of spring and exudes tenacious vitality, and it is open everywhere in fields, valleys, hillsides, grasslands, roadsides and river banks.
"Flowers become flocs, because the wind is flying, and they fall into the wetland." Whenever early spring comes, dandelion pulls out its stems and blooms yellow flowers in the green bushes. After the flowers bloom, the white crown hairs on the seeds form fluff balls, which sway with the wind. When the seeds are ripe, they float to a new place like a small parachute and settle down and breed new flowers.
Propagation cultivation
Propagation and cultivation techniques of dandelion
In the Spring Festival of 2002, dandelion planted artificially in a supermarket in Jinan will become a new fashion on the dining table for every 5 kg of 80 yuan.
1. How to get seeds from wild dandelion?
Dandelion is a perennial perennial plant, which can blossom and seed in biennial plants, and the early summer is the flowering and seed-setting period. The number of flowers per plant increases with the increase of growth years. Some plants spend more than 65,438+00, and the seeds will mature 65,438+03-65,438+05 days after flowering. The shell of the disk changes from green to yellow-green, and the seeds can be harvested from ivory to brown. Never wait for the disk to crack before harvesting, otherwise the seeds will easily be scattered and lost. Generally, the number of seeds per flower head is above 100. The 1000-grain weight of dandelion seeds is about 2g, and the grain weight of dandelion seeds is about 0.8-1.2g..
When collecting seeds, you can take off the dandelion flowerpot, store it indoors and cook it for a day. When the flowerpot is completely scattered, dry it in the shade for 1-2 days until the seeds are half dry, wipe off the fluff at the tip of the seeds by hand, and then dry the seeds. Dandelion can also be cultivated by digging roots in places rich in wild resources. Usually in June 5438+10, the roots were dug and planted in the greenhouse with row spacing of 8 cm ×3 cm. After planting, pour enough water until it germinates in February of the following year. At this time, if organic fertilizer is applied again, the leaves can be listed.
2. How do dandelion seeds germinate? How to sow?
Mature dandelion seeds have no dormancy period. When the temperature is higher than 15 degrees, you can sow in wet soil. It can germinate after about 90 hours. Seeds germinate faster when the soil temperature is about 15℃, and slower when it is above 25-30℃, so sowing can be carried out from early spring to midsummer.
According to the test results, it takes 10-20 days to sow seeds immediately after harvesting at the end of May. Summer is extended to July and August, and it takes 15 days from sowing to emergence. The sowing amount is generally about 3 grams per square meter, which can protect 700- 1000 plants.
Before sowing dandelion, you should turn over the soil and make a ditch. The width of the border is 80-90 cm, and a shallow ditch is opened in the border, with the ditch spacing of 12 cm and the width of 10 cm. Then sow in the ditch, and cover the soil with a thickness of 0.3-0.5 cm after sowing. When sowing, the soil should be wet. If the soil is dry, it should be watered two days before sowing. It is best to cover spring sowing with plastic film, but it is not necessary to cover summer sowing with sufficient rain.
3. How does dandelion manage fertilizer and water?
Dandelion is very resistant to diseases, droughts and insects, and generally does not need pest control. The focus of field management is mainly fertilizer and water. Although dandelion does not require high soil conditions, it still likes fertile, moist, loose soil with high organic matter content. Therefore, when planting dandelion, ammonium nitrate 17-20kg should be applied as base fertilizer per mu. After sowing, we should always keep the soil with proper humidity. Top dressing should be 1-2 times in the growing season. Generally, leaves are not picked in the same year of sowing, so as to promote its vigorous growth, so that plants will sprout vigorously in early spring next year, and the tender leaves produced will be of good quality and high yield.
4. How to cultivate dandelion early?
In early spring, when the ground temperature at the depth of 5 cm in the topsoil reaches 1 ~ 2 degrees, dandelion planted last year begins to sprout and grow new buds. Generally, the buds in front of Tomb-Sweeping Day are exposed on the ground. At this time, the length of "white buds" in the soil is 3-4 cm, so wild dandelion can be listed around April 20. At this time, there are few fresh leafy vegetables in the market, which are very popular with consumers.
Dandelion cultivated in artificial greenhouse, due to the improvement of breeding environment conditions, has an earlier market period than wild dandelion, which is more practical for vegetable market supply.
Production technology of pollution-free dandelion sprouts
Dandelion is a perennial herb of Compositae. Dandelion bud refers to the bud directly cultivated in a suitable cultivation environment by using the fleshy straight roots of dandelion vegetative storage organs. Dandelion has high nutritional and medical care value, and the body buds produced by its fleshy taproot are fresh, nutritious and pollution-free, which is of great significance to promoting the adjustment of rural industrial structure and increasing farmers' income.
(1) Collect seeds. Wild dandelion seeds were collected at 8: 00 and 9: 00 in the morning from late May to early June. Dandelion with large leaves, many green juices, deep serrations and thick roots was selected as the seed-collecting plant. Cut the inflorescence of yellow receptacle and put it indoors for ripening 1 day. After the inflorescence is completely dispersed, dry it in the shade for 1-2 days, rub off the crown hair by hand and dry it in the sun for later use. It is best to have a fixed seed nursery for dandelion seed collection.
(2) Cultivation of succulent taproot. The taproot used to produce sprouts can be directly collected in the field, which is economical and practical, but the taproot is not hypertrophy, so it is recommended to cultivate it artificially.
1, site selection and preparation before broadcasting. Choose plots with deep topsoil, flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, and no major pollution sources for planting. After the autumn harvest, clean the garden, combine ploughing and soil preparation, and apply 4,000-5,000 kilograms of decomposed high-quality farmyard manure per mu. After thawing the soil in the second year, make a frame with the width of 1.2m and wait for sowing.
2. sow. When the soil temperature reaches above 10℃, start sowing. Open a shallow border with the width of 10cm and 10cm in the border, and pour water in a down-to-earth manner. Mix the seeds with fine sand evenly, then spread them in the furrow and cover them with soil for 2-3 cm. Finally, bamboo bows are inserted on both sides of the furrow and covered with plastic film to keep the optimum temperature and humidity for dandelion germination.
3. Seedling management. 9- 12 days after sowing. After all the seedlings come out, uncover the film and water them in time, and intertillage and weed. In the true leaf stage of 2-3 leaves and the true leaf stage of 5-6 leaves and 7-9 leaves, combined with intertillage weeding, three times of thinning seedlings were carried out respectively (the seedlings in the thinning seedlings can be marketed), and finally the strong seedlings were selected and fixed according to the plant spacing of 5cm and the row spacing of 10cm. Generally, water seedlings in time after planting. Immediately after the seedlings are fixed, the decomposed and disinfected human feces are smeared with water.
4. Crouching seedlings and field management. Do not water for a period of time after the rosette stage until the fleshy roots enter the rapid expansion stage. In addition to weeding, field management is mainly water management, and the soil should always be moist. Organic fertilizer can be topdressing according to the growth status of plants. Do not pick leaves in the same year of sowing, so as to promote its fleshy roots to be strong, so as to produce high-quality new buds in early spring next year. Once pests and diseases occur, you can choose pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and no residue.
5. Harvest and storage of fleshy roots. The harvesting of fleshy roots should be completed before freezing at the latest. Arrange the dug root plants, remove the old leaves, and keep the intact roots and terminal buds. Select a wine cellar with a width of 1- 1.2m and a depth of 1.5m (extending from east to west) in the shady plot. Put the roots in the cellar, code them, and the height is not more than 50 cm. In the early stage of storage, the fleshy roots should be prevented from rotting or sprouting due to excessive temperature, and should be prevented from freezing in the later stage. The key to high yield of this technology is to cultivate thick and plump fleshy roots, which are stored reasonably in winter and consume less nutrients.
(3) Storage and cultivation techniques of dandelion fleshy roots. Choose protective facilities whose temperature can be maintained at 8-25℃ stably. Make a cultivation bed with the bed soil thickness of 40-50 cm in the facility, use clean soil or river sand as the cultivation substrate, and finally disinfect the facility with fumigant. Before planting, the fleshy roots should be taken out of the storage cellar one day in advance and dried in the shade. Graded by length, and then buried one ditch at a height of 2-3cm. The burial depth shall be subject to exposing the root growth point, and the burial shall be neat. Irrigation immediately after burial, 2-3 days after irrigation, insert a small arch shed and cover it with a black film. After storage, it is best to keep the temperature in the bed at 15-20℃ and the humidity at 60%-75%. When the leaf grows to 10- 15 cm, break it off by hand or cut it with a knife, and pay attention to protecting the growing point. Harvesting should generally be done in the early morning. After washing, grading and packaging, the sprouts are put into the cold storage or transported to the market for sale in time. In order to extend the market supply period, it can be stored in batches.