Burdock, also known as Barley in Chinese herbal medicine, is a perennial herb of Compositae, which originated in Asia and was used as medicine by seeds. After improvement, Barley was mainly eaten by roots, and it was also called pollution-free vegetable as a green nutritious food. In developed countries and regions, especially in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan Province and other places, adults can eat burdock 100 kg a year, which has become an indispensable vegetable food in life. China was successfully introduced in 1992, and now it is developed as an export vegetable, with a planting area of thousands of acres. Burdock generally produces about 1500 kg per mu, with a high yield of about 2500 kg. The output value per mu is generally about 2000 yuan. The use of burdock is rising quietly in China, and the understanding of its use value and economic benefits is getting deeper and deeper, so the development of burdock has a certain development prospect.

I. Cultivation characteristics and requirements for environmental conditions:

Burdock rhizome is generally 3-4 cm in diameter, 70- 100 cm in length, with gray meat and stout plants, and the height of the plants after bolting is 150- 180 cm.

30-40 days from flowering to seed maturity, 1000-grain weight12-14g, and germination period of 3-5 years.

1, temperature: Arctium lappa likes temperature, heat and cold. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 20-25℃, and the optimum temperature for growth is also 20-25℃. The cold tolerance of aboveground parts is weak, and the plants die below 3℃, while the roots can withstand the low temperature of -20℃. After the shoot dies in winter, it overwinters with straight roots, and then germinates and grows in the next year. Burdock belongs to the vernalization type of green body. When the rhizome is more than 3-9 cm, it can feel the influence of low temperature. The low temperature accumulation of about 5℃ for more than 1400 hours, and then the long sunshine of 12- 13 hours can promote flower bud differentiation and pumping. Therefore, sowing in autumn should not be too early to prevent the rhizome from being too large for vernalization.

2. Illumination: Burdock is a warm-loving plant, which can promote germination in the presence of light. The plants developed well under strong light and long sunshine, and the fleshy roots expanded quickly and fully.

3. Requirements for soil conditions: Burdock has strict requirements for soil because of its root depth, and it is better to require sandy loam within one meter of soil depth, otherwise, there are many branches, the quality level is poor, the soil is sandy, and the roots are easy to be hollow, so it is not suitable for water and fertilizer conservation; Burdock roots are easy to rot when it is flooded for more than two days in heavy rain during its growth. Fertile soil fertility is required, and the soil organic matter is more than 2% (that is, the soil fertility of about 400 kilograms of wheat per mu).

Second, sowing season, sowing amount and plant spacing:

Burdock can be sown twice a year, from late March to early April in spring (covered with plastic film), and harvested in autumn1October to 1 1 month; Sowing in autumn from late September to1mid-October should also be covered with plastic film, and it is better to cover with plastic film in a small arch shed during the winter. Use about 4 seeds per mu, with a row spacing of 90 cm, a plant spacing of 7- 10 cm, and 9000- 10000 seedlings per mu. 　

3, soaking seeds to accelerate germination:

Soak the seeds in clear water, remove the seeds, soak the seeds for 12-24 hours, and put them at 25℃ for two days to germinate, then sow them, and they will be unearthed about 7 days after sowing.

Fourthly, applying sole fertilizer, furrowing and ridging for planting:

2,000 kg of high-quality coarse fertilizer, 2 cubes of decomposed chicken manure (fermented), 25 kg of diammonium, 0/0 kg of potassium sulfate/kloc-,5 kg of ferrous sulfate and 0.5 kg of phoxim are required per mu. The above fine fertilizers are spread along the ditching line before ditching, and the pesticides are mixed with water to form toxic soil and spread in the sowing ditch. Water the ground once before ditching to ensure that the soil will not dry when ditching. To plant burdock, firstly, a furrow with a depth of 90- 100 cm is dug with a furrow opener. After furrowing, a soil ridge is naturally formed, with a height of about 25 cm, and a furrow is dug every 90 cm. Step on both sides of the ridge with your feet, lightly step on the top of the ridge with your feet, and level it with an iron rake. Then, use a small pick to open a small ditch on the ridge with a depth of 5-7 cm and a hole with a depth of 4-5 cm for sowing, and point one grain at each hole, and spread seedling growth factor 7 on an acre in the ditch.

Bag, cover with soil 1-2 cm, and start to cover with plastic film.

V. Field management:

1. Cover with plastic film, and break the film in time after the seeds are unearthed.

2. Burdock seedlings are not drought-tolerant, so water should be poured, especially in spring to keep the soil moist.

3. Spacing and fixing seedlings in time, leaving 1 plant per hole. The distance between points is 8 8- 10/0cm.

4. Spraying the mixed solution of thiophanate methyl and Lufeng 95 once at seedling stage to prevent seedling death and promote growth.

5. If sowing is in autumn, when a small arch shed is built in the middle of 1 1 month, a small amount of poisonous bait can be spread on the ridge to prevent insect bites.

6. 1 1 Watering the wintering water once in the second half of the month.

7. When burdock sprouts new leaves in spring, remove the dead leaves in time.

8. After burdock grows 4-5 new leaves in spring, start topdressing and watering, and open a small ditch beside the plant, topdressing urea 10 kg per mu.

9. After the autumn sowing burdock overwinters, pay attention to the small arch shed to cool down before April 20th, and remove the small arch shed after April 25th.

10, Burdock planted directly in spring, in the growth process, it is necessary to prevent heavy rain from filling ditches in summer and arrange rainwater drainage.

1 1, timely control pests and diseases, mainly damping off, with fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate methyl and mancozeb. Powdery mildew was found to be controlled by fenxiuning; Pest control mainly focuses on aphid control, and omethoate or pollution-free pesticides can be used.

12, timely harvest, before harvesting, remove the stems and leaves on the ground, open a small ditch along one side of the burdock, fill the ditch with big water edge, and pull it out manually. Grading, binding and sorting shall be carried out in time after pulling out. 6. Nutritional value and pharmacodynamic function of burdock:

Burdock is rich in nutrition. Eating burdock has the effects of promoting blood circulation, preventing and treating hypertension, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, preventing stroke and lowering blood sugar. In addition, it also has the effects of nourishing yin, strengthening yang, invigorating stomach, eliminating diseases and caring skin.

Six, burdock fresh eating method:

First, rinse the roots of burdock with water to remove the rough thin skin outside, and then do different things:

1, cut burdock into pieces or small pieces and stew with meat, or cut into pieces and fry with meat.

2. Cut the burdock into filaments, scald it with boiling water, and make a cold salad.

3. Cut the burdock into filaments, rinse it with clear water, dry fry it with oil, take it out when it turns yellowish, and add a little sugar or stir-fry sesame seeds.

Seven, burdock processing:

1, burdock beverage

2. Burdock wine

3. burdock tea

4, burdock dishes, that is, defective or thinner roots are marinated.