Analysis:
Cinnamomum cassia is the dry bark of Cinnamomum cassia belonging to Lauraceae. Alias Mu Gui, Jian Gui and Yu Gui. Its branches (Cinnamomum cassia) and young fruits (Cinnamomum cassia) can also be used as medicine. Cinnamon bark is a precious traditional Chinese medicine and condiment, which has the functions of warming kidney and tonifying yang, dispelling cold and relieving pain. Cinnamomum cassia oil distilled from Cinnamomum cassia leaves is a synthetic raw material of precious spices and various organic spices, and can be used medicinally. Now cinnamon oil has been widely used in the catering industry. Its wood is a good material for furniture. Location: Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other provinces.
1, land selection and soil preparation. Nursery land should be selected in sandy loam with good drainage, moist and fertile soil layer and loose soil layer. The slope direction should be toward the southeast, close to the water source, so as to facilitate drought resistance during drought. After selection, it should be plowed for 2-3 times, and organic fertilizers such as manure or compost should be applied at the same time, and then it should be made into a ridge with a width of 1- 1.2 m and a height of 15-20 cm.
Cinnamomum cassia forest land should be selected in the southeast slope with abundant sunshine and no cold wind, and in the middle of the mountain with deep soil layer, fertile and loose soil, good drainage and no erosion. Slightly acidic sandy loam is better.
2. Breeding method
(1) Seedling raising: This method is mainly used in production.
① Seeding and seedling raising. Sowing is best when you pick it. Soak the seeds in 0.3% formalin solution for 30 minutes before sowing. Use on-demand, the row spacing is 20-25cm, the spacing between plants is 6-9cm, and the covering soil is about 2cm. The sowing rate per mu is16-18kg. Cover the bed with grass to keep it moist, water it every 4-5 days, and uncover the grass after germination and excavation 20-30 days after sowing, and then set up a shed for shade. One-year-old seedlings with a height of 20 cm and a ground diameter of more than 0.5 cm can be selected for forest.
(2) Seedling raising by sprouting and promoting roots: this method is specially used for cultivating seedlings needed by big trees. In the first ten days of April, select 1-2-year-old tillers with a height of 1.5-2 m and a diameter of 2-3.5 cm from the budding plants, peel them immediately on the ground, and then cultivate the soil to promote rooting 1 year before transplanting.
(2) Afforestation. Afforestation time should be around the vernal equinox. Apply 500 kilograms of pig manure and 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate per mu. Afforestation density varies with the operation of dwarf trees or trees. The plant spacing is1-1.2m and the row spacing is1.2-1.5m for dwarf trees, and the row spacing is 4-5m and 5-6m for arbor trees, respectively, and the specifications of planting holes are 50cm× 50cm× 40cm.
3. Tending management: After the seedlings are planted, they should be covered and shaded in time. After 2-3 years of planting, intercropping between forest and grain or planting shaded crops can be carried out. Pay attention to weeding in summer and autumn and topdressing in winter. By strengthening tending management. Cinnamon can be peeled in 5 years.
4, pest control
(1) Root rot: In the rainy season, in the nursery with poor drainage, the soil performance is serious, and the prevention and control methods are as follows: ① prevention and control of water accumulation; (2) Find the diseased plants in time, pull them out and burn them, and disinfect the border with quicklime.
(2) Brown spot of Cinnamomum cassia leaves: it occurs in April-May, which harms new leaves and can be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture.
(3) Cinnamomum cassia: It is one of the main pests of Cinnamomum cassia. Control methods: ① During the larval incubation period, 50% Phoxim EC 1000- 1500 times or 2.5% triamcinolone acetonide 4000 times can be sprayed once a day, 10 for 2-3 times; (2) powder spraying with Beauveria bassiana; (3) combined with pruning, pruning.
(4) Leaf Curler: In summer and autumn, the larvae curl several leaves into nests and lurk in them, which harms the seedlings. Control method: spray with trichlorfon 1000 times solution or 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1500 times solution.
(5) Cinnamomum brownii and larvae harm the trunk. Prevention and control methods: ① Insert iron wire into the moth-eaten milk of trunk larvae in summer and autumn to stab the larvae, or insert dichlorvos cotton into the wormhole to poison them. ② At the beginning of April, adults were found and killed artificially.
5, harvesting and processing
The purpose of dwarf forest operation is to collect leaves, steam oil and produce products such as Guitong and Guixin. After afforestation for 3-5 years, 40-50 kilograms of cinnamon can be peeled per mu on average, and at the same time, 40-50 kilograms of cinnamon leaf steamed oil 1.5- 1.7 kilograms can be harvested every year. The appropriate time for peeling cinnamon is in late March, when the bark is easy to peel off and the roots sprout quickly.
The purpose of arbor is to cultivate cinnamon, cinnamon and seeds. After afforestation, bark of Cinnamomum cassia is cut and peeled in 0/5-20 years. Those harvested in February-March are called Chungui, and the quality is poor. In late June, a circle of bark can be peeled off at the base of the tree first. It can not only increase the oil accumulation in phloem, but also be beneficial to peeling.
After harvesting, cinnamon should be processed, and the processing specifications are as follows:
Full-edge cinnamon: Peel cinnamon over 10 years old, cut both ends evenly, put them in wooden concave-convex plates, and dry them in the sun.
Plate cinnamon: put cinnamon in a cinnamon clip, sun-dry it to 70% to 80%, take it out, stack it vertically and horizontally, pressurize it and dry it.
Osmanthus fragrans (Guitong): Peel the dry bark and thick branch bark of 5-6-year-old young trees, air-dry them for 1-2 days, roll them into a tube and dry them in the shade.