Although iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are serious, they can be prevented by taking iodized salt as a simple, safe, effective and economical measure. The five basic messages provided in this chapter can effectively reduce or eliminate IDD and help families and society prevent mental retardation and other disabilities caused by iodine deficiency.
The implementation of universal consumption of iodized salt is a huge social project, which requires the organization and coordination of all sectors of society, and it is necessary to widely publicize the harm caused by iodine deficiency and the effective knowledge and measures to prevent and treat iodine deficiency disorders.
Basic message:
1, iodine deficiency is the biggest harm to people's intellectual development. Mild mental retardation caused by iodine deficiency is very common. Severe iodine deficiency will cause disabilities such as stupidity.
2. Iodine deficiency in pregnant women not only causes premature delivery, abortion and congenital malformation, but also affects the normal development of fetal brain. Women of childbearing age, pregnant women, nursing mothers and infants should be supplemented with adequate iodine.
3, iodine deficiency can cause goiter, commonly known as "big neck" disease.
4. Universal consumption of iodized salt can effectively prevent iodine deficiency disorders, which is recognized as a safe, effective, convenient and cheap iodine supplement method in the world.
5. After buying iodized salt, we should pay attention to sealing, avoiding light and wind, avoiding heating and long storage, so as to avoid the loss of iodine.
★ Iodine is one of the essential trace elements for human body.
Iodine is known as an "intellectual element". Like protein, fat, sugar and vitamins, iodine exists in the human body as a nutrient, and its content in the human body is only 20? 0 mg (average 30 mg), one million times the body weight, belongs to one of more than 70 trace elements. Although the content is extremely low, it is indispensable for the development of various systems of human body, especially the nervous system.
Iodine is an indispensable and important raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone has a physiological function that affects the metabolism, growth and development of the body, especially the development of the brain. Therefore, if the thyroid function is abnormal, excessive or insufficient secretion of hormone will inevitably have a great impact on the metabolism, growth and intellectual development of the body, leading to various diseases.
There is enough iodine in the human body to ensure the normal thyroid function. Iodine is metabolized every day in the human body. Under the condition of stopping iodine intake, the iodine stored in the body is only enough to maintain 2? For months, human iodine depends entirely on the supply of natural environment and must be ingested every day.
It can be seen that it is very important to maintain the necessary amount of iodine in human body, which is the guarantee to maintain the normal thyroid function, promote the metabolic process, maintain the normal growth and development of the body, the normal nervous system function and intellectual development, and realize human health. The role of iodine in human body can not be ignored. When the body is short of iodine, there will be a series of obstacles. Due to the different periods and degrees of iodine deficiency, the nature and degree of the obstacles are different.
Iodine eficiency diseases (10dine) are various diseases caused by the lack of iodine in the natural environment where human beings live. It includes not only endemic goiter (referred to as endemic goiter) and endemic cretinism (referred to as endemic cretinism), but also pregnant women's abortion, premature delivery, stillbirth, congenital malformation and increased neonatal mortality in iodine-deficient areas. What is more serious is that iodine affects the brain development of embryos, infants and children, resulting in different degrees of intellectual damage. Iodine deficiency also has adverse effects on adults, resulting in low intelligence and physical fitness. Among iodine deficiency patients, endemic goiter and endemic cretinism are the most obvious symptoms, which were first discovered, accounting for 20% of iodine deficiency patients and1-10 respectively. 0%. In short, iodine deficiency will do harm to human body at different stages of human development, which will make patients show various forms of diseases, especially mental damage, some of which can not even be compensated, but these diseases can be prevented by correcting iodine deficiency.
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are a group of related diseases caused by iodine deficiency in the natural environment. There are four common IDD:
1 Endemic goiter (goiter) is an endemic disease caused by iodine deficiency in the environment, and it is one of the main manifestations of IDD. Its main feature is that thyroid gland hyperplasia and hypertrophy form a vicious circle, and the neck of iodine deficiency patients is getting thicker and thicker, resulting in coarse neck disease.
Endemic cretinism (endemic cretinism), like endemic goiter, mainly occurs in areas with severe iodine deficiency, which is harmful to human health; Due to the serious iodine deficiency and thyroid hormone deficiency in embryo and newborn, the nervous system, especially the brain and other organs or tissues, is poorly differentiated or defective. Typical clinical symptoms and signs are mental retardation, deafness, backward growth and development, obvious nervous system symptoms, hypothyroidism and goiter.
3 endemic subclinical cretinism (subclinical cretinism) is an iodine deficiency disorder that exists in endemic areas of iodine-deficient goiter and endemic cretinism. Patients are mainly characterized by mild mental retardation (IQ is 69? 0), accompanied by slight nervous system injury, physical development disorder or hormonal hypothyroidism. These people lack the clinical characteristics of typical cretinism, so they are easily overlooked and sometimes considered as "normal people".
Symptoms of iodine deficiency in pregnant women (fetus) infants, children, adolescents and adults. Iodine deficiency in pregnant women not only seriously affects women's physical and mental health, but also endangers the fetus, thus leading to abortion, premature delivery, stillbirth, congenital malformation, cretinism, subclinical cretinism, simple deafness and hypothyroidism in newborns. Iodine deficiency in childhood and adolescence mainly leads to endemic goiter, goiter and hypothyroidism in adults.
China is one of the countries with the most serious iodine deficiency disorders. About1600 million people in the world live in areas with serious iodine deficiency disorders, including 425 million in China. All provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China have different degrees of iodine deficiency disorders. Except for the counties of Fengpei in Xuzhou, all other places in our province are iodine deficiency disorders, and iodine deficiency disorders are prevalent to varying degrees. What is iodine deficiency disorders? Iodine deficiency disease (IDD) is a disease caused by the lack of essential trace element iodine in human living environment. Iodine is an important raw material of human thyroid hormone, which is closely related to human growth and metabolism, especially plays a decisive role in the development of brain. Iodine deficiency in pregnant women can cause fetal abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, congenital malformation, congenital deafness and so on. Iodine deficiency in fetus and infants can cause cretinism, and patients become short, dull, deaf, dumb and paralyzed; Iodine deficiency in adolescents and adults can cause goiter; However, it is often overlooked that the slight iodine deficiency causes a large number of people's mental deficiency and low IQ.
1. Salt iodization is a continuous, convenient, economical and living iodine supplement measure. Because people have physiological self-control ability to salt intake, people can effectively control iodine intake while controlling excessive salt intake.
2. Iodized salt is safe to human body and will not have side effects.
3. Pay attention when using iodized salt: don't store it for too long, buy it as you eat; Store it in a cool and dry place, and cover it for preservation; It is better to put salt when cooking and soup are about to come out.
Other ways to supplement iodine: eat more foods rich in iodine, such as kelp, fresh hairtail, dried clam, scallop, mussel, seaweed, sea cucumber, jellyfish, lobster and other seafood, among which kelp has the highest iodine content.