1) Root vegetables
The term refers to vegetables that have an expanded fleshy taproot as the edible part. Including turnips, carrots, daikon, turnips, root beets and so on. Prefers a mild, cool climate during the growing season. In the first year of growth to form fleshy roots, storage of large amounts of nutrients, to the second year of shooting flowering and fruiting. Generally passes through the vernalization stage in cool temperatures and the light stage in long sunlight. Requires easy, deep soil. Propagated by seed.
2) Cabbage species
The tender leaf clusters, leaf bulbs, young stems, flower bulbs for food. Such as cabbage (Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage), kale (balled kale, bulb kale, cauliflower, clasp kale, green cauliflower), mustard (squash, potherb mustard, balled mustard). Requires moist and cool climates and adequate water and fertilizer during growth. High temperatures and dry climates result in poor growth. In addition to harvesting vegetable shoots and flower bulbs, generally the first year to form leaf clusters or leaf balls, the second year to draw shoots flowering and fruiting. Cultivation should avoid the first shoots. All with seed propagation, direct seeding or seedling transplantation.
3) green leafy vegetables
The young leaves or young stems for food. Such as lettuce, celery, spinach, Chrysanthemum, coriander, amaranth, water spinach, sunflower and so on. Most of them are biennial, such as lettuce, celery, spinach. There are also annual, such as amaranth, water spinach. *** with the same characteristics is a short growing period, suitable for dense planting and intercropping, requires extremely sufficient water and nitrogen fertilizer. According to the different requirements of the temperature, they can be divided into two categories: spinach, celery, Chrysanthemum, coriander, etc. like cold and cool intolerance of heat, the growth of 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, can withstand short-term frost, which spinach is the most cold-resistant. Amaranth, water spinach, sunflower, etc., like warm and not cold, the growth temperature of 25 ℃ or so. Prefer cool mainly for fall and winter cultivation, can also be used for early spring cultivation.
4) onions and garlic
To bulb (leaf sheath base expansion), pseudostem (leaf sheath), tubular leaves or strap-shaped leaves for food. Such as onions, garlic, shallots, scallions, leeks and so on. Root system is not developed, poor ability to absorb water and fertilizer, requires fertile and moist soil, generally hardy. Long light under the formation of bulbs, low temperature through the vernalization. Available seed reproduction (onions, scallions, leeks), but also asexual reproduction (garlic, scallions, leeks). Fall and spring as the main cultivation season.
5) Solanaceae
The term refers to vegetables of the Solanaceae family whose fruit is the edible part. Including tomatoes, peppers, eggplants require fertile soil and higher temperatures do not tolerate cold. Requirements for the length of sunshine is not strict, but the flowering period requires sufficient light. Seed propagation, usually in pre-winter or early spring using the expansion of the ground seedlings, to be warmer climate after planting in the field.
6) melon
refers to the fruit as the edible part of the cucurbitaceae vegetables. Including pumpkin, cucumber, melon, gourd, winter melon, squash, bitter gourd and so on. Stem trailing, monoecious and heteroecious, according to the flowering and fruiting habit, there is a main vine results-based zucchini, early cucumber. There is a side vine results early, the results of more melons, gourds. There is also the main side of the vine can be almost the same time results of winter melon, melon, bitter melon, watermelon. Melons require higher temperatures and plenty of sunlight. Watermelon, melon, pumpkin root system developed, drought tolerance. Other melons have weak root systems and require moist soil. In production, the use of plucking, vine and other measures to regulate the relationship between nutrient growth and reproductive growth. Seed reproduction, direct seeding or seedling transplantation. Spring planting and summer harvest, some harvest can be extended to the fall, but also summer planting and fall harvest.
7) Legumes
Leguminous vegetables that are eaten as young pods or grains. Including kidney beans, cowpeas, broad beans, peas, lentils, beans, etc.. In addition to peas and broad beans weak cold tolerance can overwintering, the other are not frost tolerance, must be cultivated in the warm season. Bean rhizomes have biological nitrogen fixation, the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is not as much as leafy vegetables and root vegetables. Seed reproduction, can also be transplanted seedlings.
8) potato and taro
To underground tubers or roots for food, including the Solanaceae potato, Tennessee taro, Dioscorea yam, leguminous jicama and so on. These vegetables are rich in starch, resistant to storage, requiring loose and fertile soil. In addition to the short growing period of potato is not tolerant of high temperatures, the other growing period is longer, and heat intolerant and not freezing. All propagate with nutrients.
9) aquatic vegetables
need to grow in swampy areas of vegetables. Such as lotus root, wild rice, cichlid mushrooms, water chestnuts, watercress, rhombus and so on. Suitable for cultivation in ponds, lakes or paddy fields. Prefer hot climate and fertile soil during growth. In addition to rhombus, gorgonians, other general asexual reproduction.
10) perennial vegetables
refers to a planting, can be harvested for many years of vegetables. Such as goldenseal, stone Diao Bai, lilies and other perennial herbaceous vegetables and bamboo shoots, parsnips and other perennial woody vegetables. Such vegetables have developed root systems, strong drought resistance, soil requirements are not strict, generally using asexual reproduction, can also be used for seed reproduction.
11) Edible fungi
refers to edible, non-toxic mushrooms, straw mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, bamboo fungus, monkey heads, fungus, psyllids and so on. They do not contain chlorophyll and cannot manufacture organic matter for their own growth. They must draw existing nutrients from other organisms or from their remains and feces. Cultivation of edible mushrooms requires a warm, moist and fertile medium. Commonly used media are livestock feces and urine, cotton seed shells, plant straw and so on.