Peas are very resistant to low temperature. Generally, it is cultivated and sown in the open field in the middle and late June from 65438+ 10 to 65438+10 in the middle and early October. The most common thing here is to hit a row of peas on the ridge after wheat sowing and interplant them until the middle and early May of the following year. Sometimes in spring, seeds are sown from the middle and late February to the middle and late June, and tender pods are picked for sale from the middle and late May to the middle and late June. Sowing in March-April and picking in June-July in mountainous areas.
If you want to increase the yield of peas, you must pay attention to the choice of plots. Peas are afraid of continuous cropping and must be rotated. In the case of large-scale sowing, flat planting and ridging can generally be chosen. The land is about to be deepened, and sufficient organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied. Peas should be drained immediately after rain to avoid waterlogging, and should be watered moderately less at seedling stage and vine throwing stage, and moderately more at flowering and pod setting stage to promote the growth and development of stems and leaves and pod setting at full flowering stage.
Pea seedlings can withstand certain drought, which is beneficial to the growth and development of roots. Too high environmental humidity is prone to brown spot and downy mildew. During flowering, it consumes more water, and if it is dry, it will cause flowers to drop pods. When pods encounter drought in the growing period, it will lead to premature hardening and premature maturity of pods, which will reduce the quality and yield.
Seed treatment method of pea before sowing
1, seed selection
Before sowing, seeds should be carefully selected to remove pests, crushed seeds, hard seeds, scraped seeds, doped seeds and seeds of different colors. This can reduce the harm of diseases, improve the uniformity of sowing and ensure the uniformity after digging seedlings. If the sowing amount is small, you can choose the method of manual seed selection. If the sowing amount is large, you can choose stainless steel screening or take seeds with 40% salt water and pour them into salt water. Fake and inferior seeds will float on the river, be fished out, and be submerged to sow.
2. Dry the seeds
The germination rate and emergence rate of the main stem can be significantly improved by placing the selected seeds in the sun for 3-5 days. Pay attention to sunny days and sunny days when drying seeds. Spread a layer of pure cotton towel or gauze on the road surface, and spread the seeds evenly on it, with a thickness of about 5 cm. When drying the seeds, roll them frequently to make them symmetrical when heated. Sundrying seeds can kill pathogens and larvae on the surface of seeds and reduce the harm of seed diseases.
3, soaking seeds to accelerate germination
After ultra-low temperature vernalization treatment, pea seeds can reduce the number of flower nodes, make them bloom ahead of time and promote branches, and improve picking and yield. Soak the seeds in cold water for 2 hours to make them moist enough to make the seed coat swell, then take them out, wrap them in cotton towels or gauze, and leave them at room temperature 15-20 degrees for one day to accelerate germination. When accelerating germination, rinse with cold water every 2 hours to replenish water. Only when the seed germ is exposed can it be planted in the ultra-low temperature natural environment of 0-5 degrees, thus solving the problem of 10- 12, or it can be frozen in the refrigerator.
4. Seed dressing with rhizobia
The seeds treated by ultra-low temperature vernalization can be dressed with rhizobia, which has the advantages of increasing the total number of rotten seedlings, promoting the growth and development of leaves and stems, making them bear more pods and increasing yield. The way of seed dressing is also extremely simple. Generally, the amount of seeds used is 1 mu, and10-15g of rhizobia powder can be mixed with seeds by adding appropriate amount of water.
Intercropping technique of pea
1, pea interplanting
Sow peas in the ground first, plant them in strips, and leave corn planting rows in the middle and on both sides. Generally, three ridges of peas are planted, then two rows of crops are planted in the open space, and so on. Sow peas first, and when the peas germinate to about 30 cm, you can sow corn. After corn germinates, it can head and grow rapidly. Peas bear fruit immediately, while corn is still in the growth period of nutrients, and the requirements for nutrients are not contradictory. It can fill peas until they bear pods, and corn can block some bright light for it to prevent water shortage in broad daylight. After picking peas, the corn enters the flowering period, and the remaining pea plants can be dried and turned into the soil to be used as fertilizer for corn.
2. Intercropping peas
Pick all the leaves in the middle of the leaf tip, and you can gradually plant peas, because the leaves are long and wide. In addition, after harvesting at the bottom, there will be enough gaps between rows, which can be planted in holes immediately until the peas germinate, and the top can also maintain a warm and humid natural environment for the peas to germinate. Leaves and buds are picked similarly when they are long enough to build a shelf. This is the peak of pea growth and development. It is not easy to compete with him for nutrients and water, and all normal growth and development can receive sufficient sunshine. Moreover, tobacco stems can be used to weave nets and build scaffolding, which can save financial and material resources.
3, interplanting and fertilizing
Vegetable peas should be applied with soft farmyard manure, about 300 kg per mu, and some compound fertilizer can be added. Fertilizer can be used as a diluent after releasing water, because the roots of peas are mainly roots, and the roots are not strong to prevent root damage. Re-fertilization after erection Fertilization is mainly to apply compound organic fertilizer immediately on the soil layer without filling. In addition, fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves to supplement potassium and boron. Molybdenum and other nutrients. The key of corn base fertilizer is about 50 kg of compound organic fertilizer, 50 kg of plant ash and 0/00 kg of human and animal fertilizer. Topdressing urea solution to promote bract fruiting period. However, when ploughing, you can apply more base fertilizer, which can drag on the time longer, and it is not convenient to apply base fertilizer to peas halfway. You can fertilize yourself in the future.
Pea can be interplanted with many crops, which can make the best use of soil resources and create a lot of economic benefits. However, the contradiction between their growth and development must be minimized in intercropping, which is the best way to interplant peas with high efficiency.
Peas can be planted anywhere, but they are sensitive to crop rotation. As the saying goes, "peas can fertilize the field and can only be planted for one year." Although it is a bit exaggerated, it is better to plant in rotation for 2-3 years. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, they have a good impression on some vegetables, and the development prospect of pea planting is very good, especially the demand for pea seedlings, softened pea seedlings and pea pods has increased.