Personal health management includes both health assessment and health improvement.
Health assessment is the foundation of health management. Individual health assessment mainly includes the assessment of individual health status and the assessment of risk factors affecting health.
Individual health status assessment starts with the collection of personal health information of the service users. This includes the individual's general condition (gender, age, etc.), current health status and family history of disease, lifestyle (diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, etc.), physical examination (height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, electrocardiogram), and blood and urine laboratory tests (lipids, blood glucose, urine routine), and so on. The information can be collected through in-person interviews, questionnaires, field surveys, and physical examinations. Then, based on the aggregated results, a targeted assessment of an individual's health status is performed, allowing users to quantitatively understand their level of health and the degree of risk of developing major chronic diseases.
Health risk factor assessment is a comprehensive evaluation of the various risk factors that affect an individual's health. Based on the individual's lifestyle, family history, physical examination results, living environment, working environment, occupation, etc., the risk factor indicators affecting health are analyzed and adjusted appropriately according to the local medical conditions, socio-economic situation, etc. The health risk factor assessment can be used to quantify the health level and the risk of developing major chronic diseases through visualization and analysis. Through the health risk factor assessment, we can arouse the individual's attention to his/her own health through visual data, remind and motivate the individual to change his/her bad lifestyle and behavior, and take measures to eliminate all kinds of unfavorable factors affecting his/her health, so as to achieve the purpose of improving his/her health condition.
Health improvement is the focus of health management, which can be divided into four aspects: healthy life guidance, fitness guidance, disease prevention and disease control. Among them, healthy life guidance, fitness guidance belongs to the positive health improvement measures, focusing on the overall perspective, comprehensive prevention of disease, improve health. Disease prevention and disease control, on the other hand, are targeted prevention and improvement measures.
Prevention of disease, the spring diet seven ways
Now it is the early spring, the temperature is still cold, and the recent temperature change is large, began the transition from cold to warm. In this period, scientific dietary regimen to maintain health, prevention of disease is very helpful.
Spring people are prone to fire, yellow tongue, bitter mouth and dry throat, so the diet should be light, avoid greasy, cold and stimulating food. People with obvious symptoms of fire can eat some fire-clearing food such as green bean soup, honeysuckle tea, chrysanthemum tea, lotus heart in water.
Something with a slightly pungent flavor, such as green onions, ginger, leeks, and garlic cloves are all foods that nourish spring qi. There is a saying in the Tang Dynasty's "Thousand Gold Formula" that says, "It is easy to eat leeks in February and March. Eating these foods for the human body in the spring yang qi is very good.
The Chinese medicine believes that the spring for the human body, one of the five organs of the liver when the season, it is appropriate to eat the appropriate warmth of the food, and cold and sticky things should be eaten, so as not to harm the spleen and stomach, so the spring should be appropriate to eat more sweet food, less acidic food.
"Spring sleep" makes people tired, lack of energy, should eat more red and yellow and dark green vegetables, such as carrots, pumpkins, tomatoes, green peppers, celery, etc., on the recovery of energy, to eliminate the spring sleepiness is very good.
Spring temperature gradually rise, bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms also began to reproduce, increased vitality, easy to invade the human body and cause disease. So you should take enough vitamins and minerals in your diet. Tapioca, kale, broccoli and other fresh vegetables and citrus, lemon and other fruits, rich in vitamin C, has an antiviral effect; carrots, spinach and other yellow-green vegetables, rich in vitamin A, with the protection and enhancement of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and the respiratory organs of the epithelial cells of the function of the resistance to a variety of disease-causing factors invasion.
Gastric and duodenal ulcers and other diseases are prone to attacks in the spring, the diet should be avoided to ingest the creatine, purine alkali and other substances rich in broth, chicken broth, fish soup, animal offal and stimulating condiments, because these foods have a strong stimulation of gastric secretion of gastric juices or the formation of gas to produce bloating, increase the burden on the stomach and intestines.
Chronic bronchitis, bronchitis is also prone to attacks in the spring, it is advisable to eat more with expectorant, spleen, tonic kidney, nourish the lungs of the food, such as loquat, oranges, pears, walnuts, honey, etc., to help reduce symptoms.
Another year of spring, warm flowers, sunshine, everywhere a thriving scene. However, every spring is a season of disease and infection. In the season of "not cold willow wind", occasionally there is a body fatigue, headache and fever. Major hospitals are often overcrowded in the outpatient department, rhinitis, influenza, pneumonia, measles, mental illness ...... a time when all the symptoms, some people therefore the spring jokingly called "the spring of the disease". Medical experts pointed out that spring is a frequent intersection of cold and warm air period, the weather is variable cold and hot, if you do not pay attention to health maintenance, it is easy to suffer from epidemic diseases. Busy people in the planning of their year's work, but also to grasp the care of their own body.
Upper respiratory tract infections
Many diseases and viruses are active and have many opportunities for infection. Respiratory infections can be encountered throughout the year, but spring is the time when upper respiratory tract infections are more common. Upper respiratory tract infections, commonly known as "cold", the common cold starts more quickly, early symptoms of dry itchy or burning sensation in the throat, sneezing, nasal congestion.
Seasonal reasons:
The windy and sunny season, group activities will increase, the opportunity for cross-infection will increase, as well as the living environment is not conducive to the body, such as substandard indoor decoration.
Self-prevention:
①Eat more fruits: Eat dark-colored fruits such as pears, sugar cane, radish, strawberries and purple grapes, which are rich in antioxidants and can fight against free radicals that cause damage to immune cells and reduced immune function.
②Supplement vitamin C and vitamin E: they have anti-infective properties and can reduce respiratory congestion and edema.
③Physical exercise: moderate exercise can increase interleukins in the blood, which in turn enhances the activity of immune cells and eliminates pathogens, achieving the purpose of improving the body's immunity.
④Sufficient sleep: when people sleep, other organs of the body are in a dormant state, while the immune system is in an active state, the increase in white blood cells, liver function, so that the invasion of bacteria, viruses to destroy.
Allergic dermatitis
Spring is a difficult season for people with sensitive bodies, and trouble can appear on the skin, especially the face. Spring is windy, and there is a lot of dust floating in the air, flying willow flakes, pollen and other allergy-prone factors that can easily sensitize the skin. Many people also feel dry skin, and after using skin care products, the skin will show dry redness.
Seasonal reasons:
Because the human body's metabolism gradually improves in the spring, sebaceous gland secretion is increasing, the skin is changing itself. This period, the skin is very sensitive, if you do not pay attention to protection and maintenance, you will suffer from dermatitis, women's skin is more prone to allergies. There are many causes of allergies, the most common of which are food, animal fur, mites, insects, pollen, dust, air pollution, pesticides, fertilizers, detergents, rubber and plastic shoes, chemical fiber raw materials, and little-known fungal allergies. Moreover, the change of seasons destabilizes the allergy-related cells in the body, and allergy symptoms follow.
Self-prevention:
①Steaming the face: Pouring boiling water into a large-mouthed bowl and placing your face over it for about 15 minutes or, more simply, simply placing a hot towel over your face or taking a hot bath for a longer period of time can help treat atopic dermatitis.
②Make a mask with yogurt: yogurt contains a lot of lactic acid, they can play the peeling mask effect, the role of mild, will not irritate the skin, daily use, will make the skin soft, delicate.
③Reduce scratching: drink rock sugar silver ear soup, the skin has a good nourishing effect.
④Strengthen the skin care, away from allergens, especially those who are allergic to themselves, should pay more attention.
⑤Limit the fat and sugar diet, avoid drinking alcohol, eat more vegetables and fruits.
Skin disease
Spring, suffering from a variety of skin diseases patients increased significantly. Like viral skin diseases, mainly chicken pox, rubella, etc.; facial reoccurring dermatitis commonly known as spring dermatitis, mostly in women aged 18 to 40 years old, mainly manifested as flaking, itching, dryness and other symptoms, some manifested as erythema, pimples and scales, after a week and subside. Some women also show increased freckles or aggravation of brown spots. In addition, papular urticaria caused by mosquito bites and other causes, as well as contact or inhalant allergies caused by dermatitis are also more common.
Seasonal reasons:
Southern areas of the spring temperature is higher than in the north, and more humid, so it is easy to fungal infections, such as ringworm, jock itch and other skin diseases began to "patronize".
Self-prevention:
①Ventilation equipment: to ensure that the ventilation of the living room and office environment, less or do not go to the place where people gather, drink more water, more rest.
② keep the body dry: prevention of ringworm, ringworm and other fungal skin diseases must keep the skin dry, hygiene, such as bathing, washing the feet after the water must be dried, away from the hot and humid environment.
3 diet: a small amount or forbidden to eat fish, shrimp, crab, goat and other fishy things, chicken, duck, goose and other poultry food, as well as onions, ginger, garlic, chili peppers, coriander, alcohol and other stimulating food or fried and other indigestible food.
④Clean skin: avoid mosquito bites and minimize swimming in unclean water or grass.
Old diseases such as arthritis
The most unpredictable season for meteorological elements such as temperature, air pressure, airflow and air humidity is spring. Older illnesses related to temperature changes, such as arthritis and asthma, naturally flare up during the vagaries of the season.
Seasonal reasons:
Diseases affected by the climate, because usually the temperature regulation mechanism is much worse than the healthy people, not to mention the early spring such as the temperature is high and low, sometimes windy and sometimes rainy seasons, the patient during this period of the changes in meteorological elements of the poor adaptability, resistance is weak, is very prone to cause relapses or to make the disease aggravated or worsened.
Self-prevention:
①Warm feet: importance should be attached to joints and feet warmth. If you get cold, you should soak your feet in hot water in time to increase blood circulation in the joints.
② Carrying medicines: In order to avoid the sudden attack of old diseases, you should keep the daily medicines ready.
3 ③ dietary supplements: appropriate dietary supplements to enhance the body's resistance, such as pig's trotters stewed seafoam, papaya egg wine, can eliminate wind and collateral, dampness and pain.
Spring sleepiness
Every morning at work, only to see the office area, female colleagues, male colleagues yawning, a two are said to have not woken up, can not raise the spirit of the body lazy. This is a state of many people, this phenomenon is called spring sleepiness. Because of the seasonal changes are obvious, the morning environment and pleasant sound sleep, most people say that sleep does not wake up, appear "spring sleepy".
Seasonal reasons:
Because of the climate change in winter and spring, the human body needs to have a process of adaptation and adjustment. People in the cold winter and early spring, by the influence of low temperatures, the skin sweat glands contract to reduce the distribution of body heat, to maintain a constant body temperature. Into the spring, the temperature rises, the skin pores stretch, the blood supply increases, and the supply of oxygen to the brain is correspondingly reduced, the brain work is affected, the biological clock is not so accurate.
Self-prevention:
①8 hours of sleep: In general, about 8 hours of sleep a day can be, and then increase the sleep may reduce the excitability of the cerebral cortex, so that it is in a state of inhibition, the person will become more lethargic, lethargic, and as a result, the more sleep sleepy sleep.
②Spring tea flavor is fragrant: drink more light tea can also wake up to help, reduce spring sleep.
③ Increase the interaction between people: with friends to tell jokes, talk about anecdotes, there will be a good effect of sleeplessness.
4 less used in the winter of the wind oil, cool oil, perfume, flower water, etc., is also good to relieve sleepy good. Conditions can be planted some of the aromatic flavor and can be refreshing seasonal flowers and plants, while increasing the point of labor to lift the spring tiredness.
5 jogging: jogging helps cells and tissues get extra oxygen, prompting the brain to wake up.
Spring should be prevented from "brain"
"Brain" is the short form of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, not only small children are prone to this disease, that is, the number of older children with the disease is higher than in previous years, which is a worthy of parental attention. This is a problem that parents should pay attention to. "Meningitis is a respiratory infection caused by a bacterial infection called meningococcus. It can cause high fever, headache, mental decline, and even projectile vomiting, drowsiness, coma, seizures and other symptoms in children, and a small number of children can also suffer from respiratory failure, shock and other dangerous conditions.
"Brain flu" usually occurs in small children, because young children's own resistance is poor, easy to get sick; older children, if the body's immune function is defective (or relatively low), parents should also be vigilant. When children are infected, they usually have fever, sore throat and other symptoms, and then a number of spots appear on their bodies, ranging from the size of a pinpoint to the size of a mung bean or soybean, which merge into a patch to form hemorrhagic dots, hemorrhagic spots, and bruises. As the rash appears, the child's spirits get worse and worse. So when a child has a fever, parents should pay close attention to his or her skin, and once the child develops a rash at the same time as the fever, parents should take the child to a doctor in time for early detection and symptomatic treatment, and should not take care of it on their own by giving the child medicines at will. Once the child's classmates, children get sick, parents can preventively give the child some penicillin drugs or cotrimoxazole.
How to prevent the "epidemic"? First of all, because spring is the season of infectious diseases, the climate is not warm and cold, pay attention to increase or decrease the clothes; try to take the children to the crowded, poorly ventilated places to go; secondly, to keep the living environment of the air clean and circulating; but also adhere to the exercise, a reasonable diet, usually drink more water, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables. And the most important point is: on time preventive vaccination against influenza.
Overview of mumps
Mumps is the equivalent of mumps in Chinese medicine, commonly known as toadstools, which is an acute infectious disease caused by wind-heat and toxins. It is characterized by fever and pain under the ear. It can occur throughout the year and is easy to spread in spring. It can occur at any age, but the incidence is highest in children aged 5-9 years old. The general prognosis is good, a few children due to the seriousness of the disease, can be seen coma, convulsions change evidence. After puberty, the disease is not common, but after infection, often appear concomitant evidence, men are prone to concurrent testicular pain, women are prone to concurrent pain in the abdomen.
Modern medicine believes that mumps is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the mumps virus, which is characterized by non-purulent swelling and pain in the parotid gland, and has a tendency to spread to various tissues of the body, most of them have fever and mild discomfort, and the common complication is meningoencephalitis to varying degrees.
Emergency measures for pediatric meningitis
Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis is referred to as "meningitis", which is an acute respiratory infectious disease commonly seen in the spring and is caused by the bacterium Meningococcus meningitidis. Both children and adults can get this disease, but it is most common in children under 15 years old.
What are the symptoms of meningitis? Light fever, headache, general discomfort, red throat, sore throat, after a few hours or 1-2 days, the skin and oral mucosa, conjunctiva hemorrhagic spots and other signs of sepsis; hemorrhagic spots as small as the tip of a needle, pink, large flaky hemorrhagic spots, this is due to bacterial embolism of the capillaries, capillary rupture of blood spillage caused by the subcutaneous. In severe cases, there will be neck stiffness, projectile vomiting, and even coma and cramps. The condition of fulminant epidemic epidemic develops rapidly, and shock often occurs within 24 hours, manifesting as pale face, blue lips, florid skin, and a life-threatening drop in blood pressure. Young infants often show disturbed sleep, sudden screaming, staring at the eyes, and even cramps. At this time, they should be sent to the hospital as early as possible to save their lives. Generally speaking, the diagnosis of rheumatic brain is not difficult.
How is meningitis transmitted? The meningococcus, which causes meningitis, is often parasitized in the nasopharynx of a healthy person, who has no symptoms of the disease, and we call him a carrier. When the patient or the carrier coughs and sneezes, the germs spread into the air with the droplets, and the surrounding people breathe the droplets with germs and get infected. If the resistance of the infected people is weak, they will develop the disease, and there is often an incubation period before the disease develops, which usually lasts for 1-5 days. Therefore, cutting off the source of infection is the key to preventing the "brain flu".
The meningococcus dies easily in the general environment, and it can be killed by cold, heat, dryness, sunlight and common toxic agents. In the winter and spring seasons should be diligent change of clothing, often open the windows to ventilate, in the "meningitis" epidemic period, do not take the children to play in public **** place, not to take the children to the onset of the children's home to go to the door, to go out with a mask, these are practical measures. In addition, vaccination should be carried out once a year by injecting adsorbed influenza vaccine. In kindergartens, schools and other places where children are concentrated, you can use 0.3% furacilin or 2-3% yellow streptozotocin solution to drop the nose and spray the throat twice a day for 3 days. Herbal medicine with patchouli, pellitory, root, dandelion 9 grams of decoction, all have a certain preventive effect. Once found patients with influenza should be immediately isolated for treatment.
Pneumonia prevention in early spring
In early spring, the first warmth is still cold. Dr. Franck of the United States suggests that senior citizens must be careful to prevent bacteria from invading their lungs and causing pneumonia. There are three ways to prevent this:
One is to brush your teeth after meals and before going to bed, which reduces the amount of bacteria present in the mouth and prevents bacteria from using it as a base to make waves.
Secondly, the elderly should try to take the side lying down, which can prevent open-mouth breathing, blocking the oral bacteria long drive into the lungs of the channel.
In addition, you can also take some immune stimulants to enhance the ability of the elderly muscle resistance.
In addition, people in old age, metabolism and thermoregulation will decline, although suffering from pneumonia without high fever. This is the relatives to pay special attention to, to prevent "carelessness", and miss the opportunity to treat.