First, spring chicks. Chickens hatched from March to mid-April are called spring chicks. The warmer climate in this period is very beneficial to brooding, and the survival rate of chicks is high; New chickens can start production in August and September, which is the season when old chickens stop production and molt, which can make up for the shortage of fresh eggs in the off-season market and has high economic value; Moreover, the first biological egg laying year takes a long time, and it does not stop until September of the following year, which can obtain considerable breeding benefits. However, the climate is still low in March, which requires heating and moisturizing, and the cost of brooding is also high.
Second, late spring chicks. Chickens hatched from late April to May are called late spring chicks. During this period, the climate was warm, the management was easy, the survival rate of chicks was high, the price of chicks was cheap, it was easy to select excellent individuals and the cost of raising chicks was low. The new chickens started to give birth from late September to 10, and it is still in the molting season of the old chickens, and the first biological laying year takes a long time.
Third, moldy rain chicks. The high temperature and humidity in June are very unfavorable for brooding, and the incidence of coccidiosis is high, which seriously affects the survival rate of chicks. To the middle-aged stage, it is in hot summer, and mosquito bites are extremely unfavorable for growth and development; After winter, the climate is cold and the sunshine time is short, so it is difficult for new chickens to lay eggs in time. Generally, they can't lay eggs until the next spring. The first biological laying year is only about half a year, and the laying period coincides with the peak season of fresh eggs in the market, which has low economic value.
Fourth, summer chicks. Chickens hatched in July and August are called summer chicks. In summer, the temperature is high, the breeders are weak, and the hatched chicks have poor viability. At this time, mosquitoes are seriously harmful, which is not conducive to the growth of chicks and is easy to develop stiff chickens. New chickens can't be laid until the next spring. The first biological laying year is short and the breeding benefit is poor, so it is generally not used.
Fifth, autumn chicks. Chickens hatched from September to 1 1 become autumn chicks. In autumn, the air is crisp and the climate is dry, which is suitable for the growth of chicks and has a high survival rate. New chickens can lay eggs in the spring of next year, and the laying rate is high. However, because the chicken started to lay eggs before it was fully developed, it took a long time to reach the standard egg weight, and it was necessary to molt and stop production in autumn, so the first biological laying year was very short.
Sixth, winter chicks. /kloc-chicks hatched from 0/2 to February of the following year are called winter chicks. The winter climate is cold, the temperature supply time is long, and the cost of brooding is high; Chickens are cultivated indoors, lacking sunshine and exercise, and need long brooding conditions and fine management. However, new chickens lay eggs early, and can start laying in May to July. Under good feeding and management conditions, they do not molt in that year, and the first biological laying year takes a long time and has high economic value.
Based on the above situation, it is better to raise spring chicks for laying hens; For chicken farmers with poor brooding conditions and lack of experience, it is appropriate to raise late spring chicks; When spring brooding fails, autumn brooding can be carried out; Experienced chicken farmers with good brooding conditions can also raise winter chicks; In rainy season and summer, it is generally not suitable for brooding.
Question 2: When do you start raising chickens? If it is a hen house, you can start raising it at any time. If it is free-range, March and April are the best.
Feeding technique
First, select improved varieties. Excellent breeds are the basis for raising high-quality broilers. We should choose famous local breeds with thin skin and fine bones, plump muscles, delicious meat, strong stress resistance and small and medium-sized colored feathers, which can be Sanhuang chicken or twisted green-footed chicken, such as Gongting Yellow Chicken, Henan Gushi Chicken, Guangxi Cenxi Sanhuang Chicken and Zhejiang Xianju Chicken, or select excellent broiler breeds suitable for local breeding according to local feeding habits and market consumption demand.
Second, pay attention to grazing. Grazing is one of the important measures to improve the meat quality of broilers. The technical requirements for brooding of high-quality free-range chickens are the same as those for fast-growing broilers. After brooding in the brooding room for about 30 days, they will be transferred to greenhouses for breeding. Generally, grazing begins at the age of 30 days in summer, 45 days in spring and autumn, and 50-60 days in winter. It is better to choose bamboo gardens, orchards, tea gardens, mulberry gardens and other places with high and dry terrain, sheltered from the wind and sunny, quiet environment, convenient drinking, no pollution and no animal harm. Chickens can not only eat pests and weeds in the above four gardens, but also accumulate them for the four gardens.
Fertilize. A sand pit can be set up in the grazing site for chickens to bathe in sand. It is also necessary to build a straw shed or plastic shed to shelter from rain, shade and cold. Broilers leave early and return late, and the grazing density is 50 ~ 70/mu, and the size of each group is about 500. In order to prevent chickens from getting lost or harming nearby crops, a fence can be set up in the pasture and kept until they are sold. Strengthening grazing can improve the firmness of chicken and promote physical fitness and tight and bright feathers; You can also eat grass, grass seeds, dead leaves, flies, etc., saving feed and improving meat quality. Conditional can put a batch of chickens in a different place, which is not only conducive to disease prevention, but also conducive to chicken foraging.
Third, feed the feed skillfully. Feed is an important factor affecting meat quality. High-quality native chickens should be fed with digestible and nutritious full-price feed for chicks during the brooding period. Because of its slow growth rate, the content of crude protein in feed is 2% lower than that of full-price feed for fast-growing broilers, and a small amount of meals should be made to promote the growth and development of chicks. In order to improve meat quality and reduce feed cost, green feed, agricultural and sideline products and coarse grains should be fed more during the breeding and grazing period, and compound feed should be supplemented only after returning home late. Before the sale1~ 2 weeks, if the chicken is thin, the amount of compound feed can be increased and grazing can be restricted for moderate fattening. Animal feeds such as silkworm chrysalis, fish meal and meat powder should not be added to the compound feed in the middle and late stage. * * Use feeds such as rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal that have adverse effects on meat quality and meat color, and do not add artificial synthetic pigments, chemically synthesized non-nutritional additives and drugs. Appropriate natural substances such as orange peel powder, pine needle powder, garlic, ginger, fennel, cinnamon and tea powder should be added to change the meat color, improve the meat quality and increase the umami flavor.
Fourth, strict epidemic prevention. Doing a good job in epidemic prevention and disease eradication is an important guarantee for raising high-quality free-range chickens. Under normal circumstances, free-range chickens have strong disease resistance, and the incidence of disease is less than that of large-scale broilers in captivity. However, due to the long feeding period and the exposure to pathogens due to grazing in the wild, it is necessary to do a good job in hygiene, disinfection and epidemic prevention according to the requirements of raising chickens, and the following epidemic prevention work should be done according to the local actual priorities. The recommended immunization program is shown in table 1.
In addition, special attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis, leukocytosis carinii and parasitic diseases of digestive tract. Regular inspection, once it happens, drive it out in time. In order to reduce and control the drug residues in chicken, synthetic drugs should not be used as much as possible in the prevention and treatment of diseases in broiler chickens in the middle and late stages, and traditional Chinese medicine should be used more and biological control should be adopted.
Fifth, timely sales. Proper feeding period is an important link to improve meat quality. When the feeding period is too short, the chicken has too much water content, insufficient accumulation of nutrients, less umami and aromatic substances, poor meat quality and bad taste, which can not meet the standards of high-quality chicken; The feeding period is too long, the muscle fiber is too old, and the feeding cost is too high and uneconomical. According to the growth physiology and nutrient accumulation characteristics of native chickens, as well as the characteristics of cocks growing faster than hens and early sexual maturity, it is determined that small broilers will be listed on 100 days and hens 120 days; Medium-sized broiler chickens 1 10 days, hens 130 days. At this time, the weight of listed chickens, the accumulation of nutrients, umami and aromatic substances in chicken meat basically reached the content standard of adult chickens, and the meat quality was tender, which was a good combination of weight, quality and cost.
Question 3: What season is good for raising chickens? Spring and autumn are the best breeding seasons, and the temperature and humidity are appropriate, but we must pay attention to epidemic prevention.
In fact, the season is not the main thing. Scientific chicken raising needs technical support, which can be started from the following aspects:
First, starting from the construction of chicken coops, we should choose some open and bright places with convenient drying and water supply and drainage.
Second, the choice of chicken species, it is best to have some varieties that are convenient to manage, such as native chicken is the first choice. Third, the preparation of feed should be combined with fine and coarse mix.
Four, disinfection work should be normalized, so that daily records, monthly summary.
Question 4: How long does it take to disinfect the chicken raising cycle?
The influence on each other will not be too great.
If a single batch of Chai chicken is raised, the cycle is about ten months.
Hope to adopt, thank you.
Question 5: What season is suitable for raising chickens? It is best to hatch in spring or autumn when chickens start. Chickens are not easy to survive when they are too cold in winter and too hot in summer, so it is more suitable to start in spring or autumn, with mild climate and appropriate air humidity.
Question 6: When is the best season for free-range chickens and why? Do you mean the best season for selling or for brooding? If you sell broilers before the 15th of August and the Spring Festival, the market will be the best. If you put off brooding for three months, it will be the best season for brooding. The fastest time for free-range chickens is three months, and you still have half a year's health. So you just sell two batches of chickens every year.
Question 7: When to sell chickens depends on what kind of chickens you raise. If it is a carnivorous chicken, it will take about 45 days. If it is a laying hen, it will take about 18 weeks to see the eggs. 140 days to start production and 70 weeks to eliminate them.
Question 8: When can I raise chickens? How many times a year can I raise it? Chickens can be raised at any time. If broilers can be raised in several batches a year, they can be slaughtered for more than 0 days. In the case of laying hens, it is generally a cycle of 500 days. Free-range chickens are judged by the quality of the market, which generally does not exceed 300 days.
Question 9: How long does it usually take for free-range chickens to come out? . . The time for free-range chickens to be released is generally 180 to 300 days.
Free-range chickens fed with compound feed have complete nutrition and grow fast. When 180 days reaches more than 1.5 kg, they can be slaughtered.
Free-range chickens are not fed with compound feed, but rely on chickens to find food in the wild, and only a small amount of single feed such as corn and sorghum is supplemented, which grows slowly, and it takes about 300 days to reach 1.5 kg before they can be released.
Question 10: When is the best time to serve chickens in a chicken farm? spring