2, soil selection and digging trenches
Planting yam, you should choose fertile, loose, easy drainage and irrigation of sandy loam or light loam, avoid saline and clay land, and the soil configuration should be uniform and consistent, at least 1 ~ 1. 2m soil layer can not be clay, soil sand particles and other interlayers. Otherwise, it will affect the appearance of the tubers and have an impact on the quality. Digging trenches should be carried out in the winter and spring agricultural seasons, according to the method of 100cm equal row spacing or 60～80cm size rows. The depth of the ditch should be l00～120cm, and mechanical ditching can be adopted if there are conditions.
3, seedling preparation
Seedling preparation methods are three: one is the use of yam head, take a section of the tuber with buds, about 20 ~ 40cm long; the second is the use of yam cut off, the tuber by 8 ~ lOcm cut into segments; the third is the use of yam zero residual seeds. Selection of seedlings to zero Yu Zi seedling is better, followed by planting 1-2 years of yam head, more than 3 years can not be used. The use of yam tubers as seedlings is a more advanced cultivation method, which solves the problem of insufficient number of yam tubers and high yield, but also prevents the degradation of varieties. Split yam segments, usually planted while cutting, soaked in 300 times liquid carbendazim solution for 1-2 minutes, dried and ready for sowing. Fine hair long yam and two hair yam can be cut 30 days in advance of the segment, the two ends of the incision to stick a repeated grass ash and lime to reduce the infestation of disease.
4, the whole bed, irrigation moisture
The yam ditch dug out of the soil in layers of pounding, picking up bricks and stones, and then backfill, made below the surface of the lOcm ditch bed, only to stay in the cultivated layer of the cooked soil, in order to be ready to cover the soil when planting. After the ditch bed is done, it should be tripped first and then irrigated, after the water seeps down, can be planted.
5, planting methods
Yam planting, due to local climatic conditions and differences, the general requirements of the ground surface 5cm of the ground temperature stabilized over 9 ~ 10 ℃ can be planted. Conditions can also use mulch cover. The general method is: yam ditch watering, the seedling longitudinally flat in the middle of the pre-prepared lOcm deep deep bed, plant spacing of 25cm or so, the density of 4000 ~ 4500 plants / 667 square meters, and then mulch 5cm, 20cm on both sides of the yam fertilizer. The general application of soil fertilizer 3000kg/667 square meters or more, urea 10 -15kg/667 square meters, potassium sulfate 40 -50kg/667 square meters, calcium superphosphate 60 -75kg/667 square meters, fertilizer, the top of the soil covered with 5cm, so that it becomes a small high ridge.
6 scientific management
6.1, elevated cultivation
The yam seedling a few days after the throw strips, can not grow upright, so you need to bracket to support the vine. Generally choose about 2m small pole as the best bracket.
6.2, watering, drainage
The yam prefers sunny weather, lower air humidity and higher soil temperatures, and needs to be watered 5-7 times in a lifetime. In the case of watering the bottom of the water, the first water is generally in the basic seedling watering, in order to promote the emergence of seedlings and roots, the second water rather early than late, do not wait for the head of the water to see the dry watering, and then according to the rainfall situation, every 15 days watering 1 time. Rainy season, after each large rainfall, should be discharged in a timely manner, the purpose is to reduce the ground temperature, replenish the soil air, prevention and control of morbidity and seedling death.
6.3, fertilization
Yam requires a large amount of fertilizer, the general yam production of 2000 - 2500kg / 667 square meters, the need for pure Nllkg, P2058kg, K209kg, the ratio of 1.5:1.O:1.2. According to the relevant research data show that the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the highest yield of 1.5: 1.0:3.0, in the application of adequate On the basis of the base fertilizer, can be 1 time in the flowering period of fertilizer, this time is about to enter the tuber expansion period, can be combined with watering of urea 15kg, potassium sulfate 15 - 20kg, late growth can be foliar spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea, to prevent premature failure.
6.4, plow and weed
Yam germination and seedling period of rain, easy to cause soil crust, affecting the emergence of seedlings, should be immediately loosened to break the plate. After each watering and precipitation, shallow plowing should be carried out to maintain good soil permeability and promote tuber expansion. In the process of the birth of yam, weed control should be carried out in a timely manner. Before seedling emergence, available ethofumesate for soil closed weed control. Before the emergence of seedlings, available cover grass can or Weiba to prevent and eliminate a variety of weeds.
6.5, prevention and control of diseases and insects
Diseases are mainly brown spot disease and anthracnose. Brown spot disease mainly harms the leaves, control methods are mainly to avoid rows of depression and high temperature, pay attention to flooding, spray 70% metribuzin and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder at the early stage of the disease, spray 1 time in 10 days, spray 2 times consecutively. Anthrax is mainly harmful to leaves and vine stems, the control method is to implement crop rotation, timely elimination of disease residues, the onset of the early spraying of 50% metribuzin or 50% fumonisin wettable powder, spraying 1 time in 10 days, spraying 2 - 3 times in a row.
Pests are mainly yam leaf wasps, which mainly nibble on the leaf flesh and eat the leaves into a net, resulting in severe yield loss. The method of control is to spray with high-efficiency and low-toxicity pyrethroid pesticides (e.g., Dichlorvos, Baishuide, etc.).
6.6, harvest
The stems and leaves of the yam will die when they encounter frost, and the normal harvest period is generally after the frost festival, and the harvest of zero yuuzi is generally 30 days earlier than the tubers. .........