In the first stage of the experiment, the relationship between working conditions and production benefits was set from 1924 1 1 to the experimental group and the control group. Results The output of the experimental group increased whether the light was increased or controlled, and so did the output of the control group with the same light. In addition, some factors, such as salary, rest time, daily working length and working days per week, have been tested, and it is not clear that these working conditions have any direct impact on production efficiency. The second phase of the experiment was led by Mayo, a professor at Harvard University in the United States, and mainly studied the relationship between social factors and production efficiency. The results show that the improvement of production efficiency is mainly due to the great changes in the spirit of the subjects. Workers who participated in the experiment were placed in special laboratories, led by researchers. Their social conditions have changed, which attracted the attention of all parties, thus forming the feeling of participating in the experiment and feeling that they are an important part of the company, thus inspiring workers from the social perspective and promoting the increase of output.
This effect tells us that when students or themselves are concerned or watched by the public, the efficiency of learning and communication will be greatly improved. Therefore, we should learn to get along well with others in our daily life and understand what kind of behavior is accepted and appreciated by our classmates and teachers. Only by constantly increasing your good behavior in life and study can you get more people's attention and appreciation, and you can make your study progress and be confident!
Question 2: What is the main conclusion of Hawthorne effect? What are the important conclusions of Hawthorne's experiment?
1933, Mayo published the book "People in Industrial Civilization" and put forward the following views:
1, the previous management assumed that people were "economic people" and thought that money was the only driving force for * * *' s enthusiasm; Hawthorne's experiments prove that man is a "social man" and a member of complex social relations. Therefore, efforts must be made to mobilize the productive enthusiasm of workers from both social and psychological aspects.
2. The former management thought that the production efficiency was mainly restricted by working methods and working conditions. Hawthorne's experiment confirmed that work efficiency mainly depends on the enthusiasm of employees, their family and social life and the relationship between people in the organization.
3. In the past, management only focused on organization, division of power, rules and regulations, etc. Hawthorne's experiment found that there are informal organizations besides formal organizations. This invisible organization has its special feelings and tendencies, which affects the behavior of its members and plays a decisive role in improving production efficiency.
4. In the previous management, material * * * was the only incentive, but Hawthorne's experiment found that money is only a part of the needs that workers must meet, and most of the needs are emotional comfort, security, harmony and belonging. Therefore, new leaders should be able to improve employee satisfaction, be good at listening to employees' opinions and balance the economic needs of formal groups and the social needs of informal groups.
In the past, management was indifferent to the thoughts and feelings of workers, and managers only cared about their own personal complexity and hobbies. Hawthorne's experiments prove that managers, especially grass-roots managers, should attach importance to interpersonal relationships like Hawthorne's experimenters, put themselves in the shoes of their subordinates, and communicate their feelings through active exchange of opinions.
Hawthorne's experiment and Mayo's opinion put forward a problem worthy of attention in leadership activities, that is, the influence of informal organizations on leadership effectiveness.
What is the significance of Hawthorne's experiment?
The significance of Hawthorne experiment is that it is an epoch-making event in the history of management. It overturns the assumption that people regard people as economic people since Taylor, and opens up a new field for management, that is, it begins to pay attention to people and study their behavior. Hawthorne's experiment made the study of interpersonal relationship gradually famous in the world and became a pioneer of behavioral science, and management science entered a new era of behavioral science.
Question 3: What is the Hawthorne effect? The so-called Hawthorne effect refers to the tendency of individuals to change their behavior when they realize that they are being observed by others. The experimenter effect in psychology. In the 1920s-1930s, American researchers discovered the experimenter effect, called Hawthorne effect, in the experiment on the relationship among working conditions, social factors and production benefits in Hawthorne factory of Chicago West Electric Power Company. For example, let employees vent their dissatisfaction; An improvement in performance or effort due to extra attention. The basic condition of Hawthorne effect is that important working environment attributes can be captured in large quantities without hidden or obscure information.
Question 4: What is the meaning of Hawthorne effect? Please briefly describe that when people realize that they are being watched or observed, they will deliberately change the effect of some behaviors or verbal expressions.
Question 5: What is the Hawthorne effect? What does it inspire us? It is the experimenter effect in 30-point psychology. In the 1920s-1930s, American researchers discovered the experimenter effect, called Hawthorne effect, in the experiment on the relationship among working conditions, social factors and production benefits in Hawthorne factory of Chicago West Electric Power Company. [1] Edit this paragraph.
1) Let employees vent their dissatisfaction; 2) Performance or effort is improved due to extra attention.
Edit this evaluation
Hawthorne experiment: "venting" can obviously improve work efficiency.
1) What social psychologists call "Hawthorne effect" is also called "catharsis effect". Hawthorne Factory is a subsidiary of American Western Electric Company. In order to improve work efficiency, the factory invited various experts, including psychologists, to talk with workers for more than 20,000 times in about two years, patiently listening to workers' opinions and complaints about management, and letting them vent freely. In this way, the working efficiency of Hawthorne factory has been greatly improved. This wonderful phenomenon is called "Hawthorne effect".
2) 1924, 1 1 In June, a research team headed by Harvard psychologist Mayo entered the Hawthorne factory of Westinghouse Electric Company. Their original intention is to try to find ways to improve labor productivity by improving external factors such as working conditions and environment. They selected six female workers in the relay workshop as the observation objects. In the seven-stage experiment, supporters constantly change factors such as lighting, salary, rest time, lunch and environment, hoping to find the relationship between these factors and productivity-this is the viewpoint that traditional management theory insists on. But unfortunately, no matter how the external factors change, the production efficiency of the experimental group has not improved.
George? Elton? Mayo studies Hawthorne effect
After nine years of experiments and research, scholars finally realized that people are not only motivated by external factors, but also have their own subjective motives, thus giving birth to the theory of management behavior. As far as Hawthorne's experiment is concerned, when these six female workers were taken out as a group, they realized that they were a special group, the object of the experiment and the object that these experts have been paying attention to. This feeling of attention makes them work harder to prove that they are excellent and worthy of attention.
Question 6: What is the practical significance of the discovery of Hawthorne effect? It can be applied to education and personnel management to improve students' self-confidence and academic performance, and to link the pressure of volunteers and the relationship between volunteers and management.
Psychological suggestion based on Hawthorne effect can also treat various psychological diseases such as depression, inferiority and nervousness, and Hawthorne effect is also effective in enterprise management application and leadership behavior.
For us ordinary people, let us understand that from the perspective of others, white lies and praises can really make a person; From your own point of view, you can be who you think you are.
Question 7: What is the Hawthorne effect? "Hawthorne effect" means that when people realize that they are being watched or observed, they will deliberately change some behaviors or verbal expressions.