Shangnong Bigleaf Aloe is a cultivated variation type selected from the Aloe Barbadensis imported from the United States by the Plant Science Genetic Breeding Research Laboratory of Shanghai Agricultural University. During the seedling stage, there are white spots on the back and surface of the leaves. The white spots disappear.
Technology of potted aloe vera:
1. Potted aloe vera is mainly for indoor viewing and daily use.
The root system of potted aloe vera grows in the flowerpot and is strictly restricted in the small pot. In order to try to meet the requirements for water, fertilizer, air, heat and other environmental conditions during the growth and development of the root system, it is very important to select a suitable variety of substrate and scientifically prepare a suitable potting soil for potted aloe vera to promote the normal growth of family potted aloe vera. .
The winter temperature in the northern region can reach below 0℃, so the potting method is often used to facilitate moving indoors when the weather gets cold. The characteristics of the potting method are that it is flexible, reduces land occupation, makes full use of space, and is easy to manage. These are its advantages. However, potted plants also have obvious disadvantages, that is, the cost is high, and if not properly managed, they may easily cause waterlogging or poor growth due to insufficient fertilizer.
In addition to flower pots, other containers can also be selected according to local conditions, such as boxes, baskets, buckets, etc. As long as it can ensure good water and air permeability. Some containers, such as glazed basins and porcelain basins, have bright colors, beautiful stripes, and luster, which have a good ornamental artistic effect. However, because this type of soil has poor drainage and air permeability and is expensive, it is not suitable to plant aloe vera directly. Here is a brief introduction to several commonly used flower pots:?
Water basin: A tile basin is made of clay and burned. It has good drainage and air permeability. It is a common method for cultivating potted flowers. Plant container. The characteristics of the tile basin are suitable for the growth and development of aloe vera, and they are cheap and can be supplied in batches. However, the tile basin has a rough texture and is loose and easily broken. You should handle it with care during use. ?
Ceramic basins: Pottery basins are exquisite in appearance and come in various forms. There are calligraphy, paintings and knife carvings on the outside of the basin, which have certain artistic value. At the same time, the pottery pots have fine workmanship, firm texture, and certain drainage and air permeability, so they can be used to cultivate aloe vera. However, the price is high and it is not suitable for mass production.
Plastic pots: Plastic flower pots are widely used pots in recent years. It is light in weight, easy to process into various shapes, and the price is not high. It is more suitable for home potted aloe vera.
2. Preparation of pot soil
Due to the limitations of the container, the root system of potted aloe vera can only maintain life activities in a limited amount of pot soil. Therefore, special attention must be paid to preparing pot soil to create the best ecological conditions of soil, fertilizer, air, heat, etc. for the growth and development of aloe vera.
Generally, aloe vera potting soil is required to be loose and fertile. It must have good drainage, fertilizer retention, air permeability and other properties, so that the surface will be crusted after watering, not sticky when wet, not cracked when dry, and able to maintain appropriate water and fertilizer conditions and rich nutrients. The raw materials for potting soil are collected locally according to the specific conditions of each place. Substances and materials are selected from a wide range of sources, with low cost, no pests and diseases, and no pollution. ?
3. Planting method
The best planting period is early May, and basically also spring or autumn. Care should be taken to avoid the humid rainy season or midsummer when the temperature exceeds 30°C.
If the purpose of planting is to appreciate flowers and reproduce, you should choose aloe vera with thick and strong stems.
If you obtain aloe vera by division, you can choose thick seedlings with roots in spring, or aloe vera cuttings with stems thicker than 2.5 cm. Aloe vera like this grows very quickly and needs to be transplanted at least once a year during the growth process. If possible, it is best to transplant it once in spring and autumn.
After planting, water it thoroughly. ?
4. Greenhouse cultivation technology
Greenhouse cultivation refers to areas that are not suitable for aloe growth, such as cold and rainy areas, using cold protection, rain protection or other facilities, and using artificial equipment to provide Meet external conditions such as temperature, humidity, moisture, soil fertilizers, and even air components for the growth and development of aloe vera.
When choosing a greenhouse location, you should consider that aloe vera is suitable for planting in fertile and loose plots with sufficient sunlight and good drainage.
When selecting a site, long-term planning and comprehensive considerations are required. Especially when aloe vera is produced in a large area, it should be as close to the roadside as possible so that the aloe vera produced in the future can be transported out of the country in time.
There are three types of greenhouses: wind barrier, cooling bed, and hotbed. Able to maintain high air concentration, one-sided slope greenhouse, energy-saving greenhouse, American Panglong greenhouse, among which energy-saving greenhouses are most suitable for the cultivation and production of aloe vera in northern my country.
The greenhouse can be constructed with transparent covering materials such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride film, longevity film (PE anti-aging film), PVC multifunctional composite film, etc. In addition to the plastic film, in order to prevent the heat from the greenhouse wind from being lost at night and causing frost, straw curtains, paper quilts, ultra-fine cotton polywoven fabric cold-proof curtains, etc. must be added under the plastic shed. ?
5. Simple greenhouse cultivation technology
Simple greenhouses have a relatively simple structure and can be disassembled and assembled at will and the location changed. However, aloe vera is a perennial evergreen succulent herbaceous plant. It is not suitable for transplanting many years after planting and is not cold-tolerant. According to the characteristics of my country's climate regions, simple greenhouses are suitable for use in the Yangtze River Basin, northern South China, and northwestern Fujian. It can ensure that aloe vera survives the winter safely, and can also avoid the impact of adverse weather conditions during the rainy season and high sun exposure in summer.
Simple greenhouses can be divided into arch-shaped plastic greenhouses, single-slope and double-slope plastic greenhouses, round inflatable greenhouses, vegetable kiln-type plastic greenhouses, and multi-span plastic greenhouses. When building a simple greenhouse, the main factors that should be considered when selecting a location are:?
It must have good ventilation, but must not be located at a wind outlet to prevent the greenhouse from being damaged by wind damage.
The terrain must have irrigation conditions and a low groundwater level to facilitate timely drainage and avoid accumulation of water on the ground.
The soil should be fertile and loose to facilitate ventilation and aloe growth.
The shed should be built close to the road to facilitate daily management and product transportation.
6. Fine soil preparation and additional fertilizer application
After selecting the aloe vera planting site, the soil must be prepared in time. Generally, the ground should be plowed and blanched half a month before planting to facilitate soil maturation and promote the rooting of aloe seedlings.
Applying sufficient base fertilizer is the key to achieving high yields of aloe vera. Each company can apply 1.5 tons of high-quality manure, and the depth should be less than 15-20 cm to provide good basic conditions for the growth of aloe vera.
Fertilization combined with deep plowing is an important measure to improve the structure and increase fertilizer utilization efficiency. The combination of the two can fully integrate soil and fertilizer to meet the nutritional needs of aloe vera.
Deep plowing combined with fine harrowing will increase the living soil layer. Raking finely can help cut off the capillary action of the soil. When there is too much water, it can disperse moisture in time; when there is insufficient moisture, it can also reduce the loss of soil moisture. Fine raking can effectively regulate soil moisture for proper operation. Create favorable conditions for future operations. ?
7. Use good methods to cultivate strong seedlings
Selection of aloe vera varieties is an important step in greenhouse cultivation of aloe vera and high yield of aloe vera. "Shangnong Daye Aloe" is an excellent variety introduced from abroad by Shanghai Agricultural College. It is a large aloe vera variety that has been carefully selected and cultivated. It can be used for food, medicine, and as an industrial raw material for cosmetics, and has high utilization value. Suitable for cultivation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
When cultivating aloe vera in greenhouses, try to use strong seedlings of fine varieties. The standards for strong aloe vera seedlings are that the plant height should be more than 20 centimeters, the stem seedlings should be transplanted, the seedlings should grow quickly, take root early, and have good disease resistance, which is conducive to obtaining high yields in the first year.
Using greenhouses to cultivate aloe vera can protect the aloe vera from the harm of low temperature and cold and survive the winter safely. ?
8. Open-field cultivation technology
Open-field cultivation is suitable for tropical and subtropical areas, and cannot be used at low temperatures below 0℃ in winter. At the same time, it is not advisable to have too much rainfall. If there is heavy rainfall, a plastic shed should be erected for protection.
Aloe vera is resistant to drought and afraid of water damage. The plantation should be planted on high, dry, fertile and loose sandy loam soil. Drainage work must be done especially for open field cultivation. Complete drainage ditches should be dug according to the terrain direction, and the drainage ditches should be dredged in time, especially in summer. Because aloe vera can tolerate short-term water accumulation, once water accumulation exceeds 10 hours, it will cause a large number of aloe vera root systems to rot.
For aloe vera cultivation in the open field, since the land is not changed for more than 2-3 years, fertilizer should be applied every year. During the entire growth period, attention should also be paid to loosening the soil and weeding. Unstable seedlings should be properly cultivated. Pay attention to watering during dry seasons.
In areas with suitable climates, large-scale aloe vera cultivation has been developed under the conditions of unprotected greenhouses and plastic greenhouses, and intensive and large-scale production has been formed, which can meet the needs of further processing of aloe vera.
In my country, areas suitable for the development of open-field planting include Hainan, Guangdong, and southern Fujian. These areas have four seasons of frost and a mild climate. Some foreign countries also adopt open field cultivation methods. For example, Taylor Aloe Laboratory in the United States has a large area of ??aloe plantations in the tropical areas of Texas; Aloe Vera Company in the United States focuses its aloe cultivation in three countries that are frost-free all year round, with thousands of acres of aloe gardens planted with aloe vera. More than 6 million plants.
In tropical areas, there is heavy rainfall and a long rainy season, which makes the soil prone to water accumulation or excessive soil moisture. Secondly, the exposure time to high temperatures in summer is long. These climatic characteristics have caused some problems for open field cultivation. On the one hand, aloe vera avoids stagnant water. If there is stagnant water in the cultivation area or the water stagnant time is too long, it will easily cause the aloe vera root system to grow poorly. In severe cases, the root system will become swollen and rotten, and even the entire plant will be damaged. Death; on the other hand, high exposure time in summer makes the land easy to harden, which is not conducive to the growth and development of aloe vera.
Therefore, open-field cultivation of aloe vera should be done in areas where the minimum temperature in winter is no less than 0℃. If you carefully select and sow seeds, strengthen field management, and prevent pests and harvest in a timely manner, you will definitely gain a lot.
The market prospects of aloe vera:
Aloe vera is a rare product in my country. When it first entered our country, it did not attract people's attention and was only used as an ornamental green plant as the main consumption channel. As people fully understand the rich nutrients and multiple effects of aloe vera, people's acceptance and love of aloe vera are out of control. Not only can taking it in appropriate amounts enhance the body's immunity, prevent and assist in the treatment of ulcers and other diseases, it can also moisten the intestines and relieve constipation, keeping you healthy. At the same time, various aloe products such as aloe yogurt, aloe lactic acid drinks, aloe candies, jelly and other products have also been launched. In terms of herbal tea and other refreshing drinks, beverage manufacturers in Hong Kong, Guangdong and other places, such as Wanglaoji, have launched their own herbal tea drinks with aloe vera as a selling point for detoxification and health care. In the production of aloe vera jelly, aloe vera dices have always won with its smooth taste, cooling and health-care functions. Therefore, in the origin of aloe vera, there is a tradition of eating aloe vera directly or after simply processing it. At the same time, aloe vera has also entered the pharmaceutical industry as a pharmaceutical raw material. It is a good health product production variety, and it is also the darling of the beauty industry. With the rise and development of various aloe processing industries, various production and processing companies have grown up, and corresponding downstream aloe production companies have It has also developed rapidly, forming my country's independent enterprise specializing in the production of aloe drinks, food, medicines, health care, and beauty. With the promotion of aloe vera and the popularity of aloe vera's health care functions, the sales of such products will continue to grow. Under such production and consumption conditions, planting aloe vera can be said to be a matter of course, and it has naturally become one of the smoothest investment projects for starting a business.
Investment and profit analysis of planting aloe vera:
Aloe vera is native to desert areas such as Africa. It has harsh growing conditions, is very drought-resistant, and has tenacious vitality. Planting and production can be carried out in most areas of our country. According to Balu Entrepreneurship Network, active aloe vera management is extensive and simple, and the investment in facilities is simple. It is completely unaffordable for one person to plant 5 acres of aloe vera.
Land investment: Planting aloe vera is first of all a land issue. Based on the annual rent of 1,800 yuan per mu, the annual rent for 5 acres of land is 9,000 yuan.
Investment in equipment and facilities: There are basically no requirements for aloe growth conditions, and there are no requirements for temperature in summer. In some areas, attention should be paid to keeping warm in winter, and the temperature should be controlled above 0 degrees. Although it will not freeze to death, it will have a greater impact on the harvest. , so greenhouse investment in winter requires about 20,000 yuan for 5 acres of land.
Investment in seedlings and management costs: Aloe vera has particularly strong propagation and regeneration capabilities. You only need to invest in seedlings for the first planting, and you can cultivate them yourself in the future. An investment of about 5,000 yuan is required for 5 acres.
Aloe vera is basically free from pests and diseases, and is resistant to drought and humidity. Except for the appropriate requirements for fertilizers, other factors can be ignored. The annual management cost for 5 acres of land is about 2,000 yuan.
Aloe vera has a particularly strong regeneration ability and can be harvested in multiple crops. On average, one acre of aloe vera produces more than 15,000 kilograms of fresh aloe vera per year. The market price ranges from 1 to 10 yuan per kilogram, and the average is the most conservative wholesale price. At 2 yuan per catty, the conservative average income from one mu of land is 30,000 yuan, and the annual economic income from 5 acres of land is 150,000 yuan.
Planting aloe vera is an excellent wealth-making project with small investment, quick cost recovery and high profit.