The species of domesticated pheasants in China include: local pheasants; Colorful pheasant; Zuo Jia pheasant; Smoked pheasant; White pheasant. In China, only colorful pheasants are cultivated on a large scale, and other pheasant varieties are still in the stage of breeding and species protection. Colorful pheasants account for more than 90% of the whole pheasant breeding industry, black pheasants account for about 5%, and other pheasants have a small share.
1: local pheasant
The local pheasant, also known as Hebei subspecies pheasant, is a pheasant variety cultivated in China. This variety is a wild Hebei subspecies pheasant introduced by the Institute of Specialty of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences through artificial domestication and breeding. Appearance characteristics: the feathers on the forehead and upper mouth of pheasant are black; The top of the head is bronze brown with obvious white eyebrow lines on both sides; The skin around the eyes and cheeks is bare and dark red; In this exposed part, there is also a small piece of short blue-black feather, located under the eyes; Ear feather cluster is black and blue, and the top is square, which can stand up when it is active (especially in breeding season); The neck is black, with green or purple metal reflection; There is a white collar below the neck, which is complete and wide; The average adult weight of Hebei subspecies pheasant is 1.2 ~ 1.5 kg for males and 0.9 ~ 1. 1 kg for females. Generally, the annual egg production can reach 26/egg, the fertilization rate of breeding eggs is over 87%, and the hatching rate of fertilized eggs is about 89%. Hebei subspecies pheasant is tender and delicious, which is deeply loved by consumers at home and abroad. At the same time, it is wild, good at flying, and has a strong ability to live independently and adapt to the outdoor living environment after stocking. It is a suitable breeding variety for tourist hunting grounds and stocking grounds.
2. Colorful pheasant
China ring-necked pheasant is also called American colorful pheasant. The ancestor of this species is the East China subspecies pheasant distributed in the Yellow River valley and northern Shandong, and it was stationed in the United States on 188 1.
Consul Hai introduced 28 pheasants from East China to the United States and successfully stocked them in Oregon. After 100 years of careful cultivation, it has become a new variety. 1990, the Institute of Specialty of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Guangdong and Fujian introduced this pheasant variety from Wisconsin and other places in the United States. China calls it colorful pheasant in the United States, and Americans call it ring-necked pheasant in China. All varieties introduced to China are bred after hybridization. The practice of domestication in most parts of China shows that the genotype of American colorful pheasant is heterozygote.
Appearance characteristics: the body is large and full, and the eyebrow lines on the head and orbit of the male pheasant are narrow and not obvious; The white neck ring is narrow and incomplete, and the neck and abdomen are discontinuous; Red and brown breasts
The color is brighter, and the upper body color is darker than that of Hebei subspecies pheasant. The abdomen of female pheasant is grayish white, and the upper body color is lighter than that of Hebei pheasant.
The average adult weight of Chinese ring-necked pheasant is 1.5 ~ 1.8kg and 1. 1 ~ 1.4kg, respectively. The average annual spawning amount is 70 ~ 1 10, and the eggs are fertilized. Chinese ring-necked pheasant is widely used in commercial pheasant farms because of its high fertility, strong reproduction, high domestication and low wildness.
3. Zuo Jia pheasant
This pheasant variety was bred by the Institute of Specialty of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences on 199 1 ~ 1996, which introduced China ring-necked pheasant with high fertility.
North Asian pheasant, a new variety cultivated by four generations of cross-fixation. Appearance characteristics: there are a pair of clear white eyebrows above the eye socket of pheasant; White neck
The ring width is not complete, and the neck and abdomen are broken; The chest is copper, the upper body is brown, and the waist is blue-gray. Female pheasants have brown or sandy upper body and gray lower body. This pheasant is similar in size to the Chinese ring-necked pheasant, and its coat color is between the Chinese ring-necked pheasant and the Hebei subspecies pheasant.
Production performance index: the average annual egg production of female pheasants in the house is more than 62/pheasant, the average fertilization rate of breeding eggs is 88.5%, and the average hatching rate of fertilized eggs is 0.
87.6%; At the age of 2 1 week, the weight of male and female adults reached 1.54kg and1.3 kg respectively, and the weight of male and female adults reached 1.7kg and 1.26kg respectively. Zuo Jia pheasant has tender meat, fine muscle fiber, strong and lasting fragrance and good taste, which is better than Hebei pheasant and China ring-necked pheasant, and is deeply loved by Japanese and other foreign customers.
4. Smoked black pheasant
This kind of pheasant was introduced by the Institute of Specialty of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from McFarland Pheasant Company in Wisconsin, USA on 1990, and it is called Kong in China.
Appearance characteristics of the blue pheasant: the whole body feathers of the male pheasant are black, the top of the head, back, side, shoulder feathers and wing feathers have metallic green luster, and the neck has purple-blue luster; The primary and secondary flight feathers are dark olive, and the tail feathers are gray olive brown with black stripes and bronze edges. The abdomen is moist black, the eyes are dark brown and the beak is gray. The female pheasant's feathers are black olive brown. The production performance and meat taste of black pheasant are similar to those of China ring-necked pheasant.
5. Albino pheasant
This variety was introduced by the Institute of Specialty of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from McFarlane Company, Wisconsin, USA on 1994.
Appearance characteristics: The pheasant has pure white head and neck, blue-gray iris, white beak, bright red facial skin, pure white feathers in all parts of the body, no variegated feathers and white legs. The female pheasant has the same feathers and appearance as the male pheasant except that it has no bright red face, drooping meat and short tail feathers. The body shape of silver pheasant is similar to that of American pheasant, and the spawning rate, fertilization rate and hatching rate are similar to that of American pheasant. However, its outstanding feature is its fast growth rate, and it can reach the market weight at 14 ~ 15 weeks. Baiyushan chicken has good quality, high meat yield and high domestication, which is very suitable for intensive commercial pheasant production. At present, most pheasants sold in the United States come from silver pheasants, and there are also a large number of domesticated silver pheasants in many places in China.