Winter jasmine, plum blossoms, daffodils and camellias are collectively known as the "Four Friends in the Snow" and are one of the common flowers in China. Winter jasmine flowers are not only dignified and beautiful in color, but also have extraordinary temperament. They are not afraid of cold weather, do not choose water and soil, and have strong adaptability. They have always been loved by people. The cultivation of winter jasmine has a history of more than 1,000 years in my country. It has been recorded in poetry since the Tang Dynasty. The winter jasmine is now the city flower of Hebi City, Henan Province. The following is the specific information of winter jasmine. Introduction to Jasminum

The scientific name of Jasminum nudiflorum (Jasminum nudiflorum), also known as Jasmine, Yellow Jasmine, and Golden Belt, is a deciduous shrub. Plant height 30-100 cm. Branchlets are slender, upright or arched and drooping, in a draped shape. The 3 leaflets are compound and alternately opposite, and the leaves are ovate to oblong. The flowers are solitary on last year's branches and bloom before the leaves. They are fragrant, golden yellow, and dyed red on the outside. The flowering period is from February to April. It is named because it blooms earliest among the flowers, and after blooming, it will usher in the spring with all flowers blooming. Morphological characteristics

Jasmine is a deciduous shrub plant, erect or prostrate, 0.3-5 meters high, with drooping branches. The branches are slightly twisted, smooth and hairless, and the branchlets are quadrangular with more or less narrow wings on the edges.

The leaves are opposite, with three compound leaves, often with single leaves at the base of the branchlets; the leaf rachis has a narrow wing, the petiole is 3-10 mm long, hairless; the leaves and leaflets are slightly hairy on both sides when they are young. Only the leaf margin has eyelashes when old; the leaflets are ovate, long ovate or elliptical, narrow elliptical, sparsely obovate, the apex is sharp or blunt, with a short tip, the base is wedge-shaped, the leaf margin is recurved, and the midrib is slightly above. Concave, convex below, lateral veins are not obvious; terminal leaflets are larger, 1-3 cm long, 0.3-1.1 cm wide, sessile or the base extends into a short stalk, lateral leaflets are 0.6-2.3 cm long, 0.2-11 cm wide, sessile; single leaves are oval or elliptical, sometimes nearly round, 0.7-2.2 cm long, 0.4-1.3 cm wide.

The flowers are solitary, growing in the leaf axils of the branch last year, and rarely on the top of the branch; the bracts are leaflet-shaped, lanceolate, ovate or elliptical, 3-8 mm long and 1.5-4 mm wide. Pedicel 2-3 mm long; calyx green, 5-6 lobes, narrow lanceolate, 4-6 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, apex acute; corolla yellow, diameter 2-2.5 cm, corolla tube long 0.8-2 cm, base diameter 1.5-2 mm, gradually expanding upward, 5-6 lobes, oblong or oval, 0.8-1.3 cm long, 3-6 mm wide, apex sharp or rounded. Flowering period is June. Growth habits and distribution

It likes light, is slightly tolerant of shade, slightly tolerant of cold, and is afraid of waterlogging. It can survive the winter in the open field in North China and Yanling. It requires a warm and humid climate, loose, fertile, and well-drained sandy soil. It grows vigorously in acidic soil and poorly in alkaline soil. Root germination is strong. The part of the branch that touches the ground is very easy to take root.

Produced in northwest China's Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and southeastern Tibet. It grows on hillside shrubs at an altitude of 800-2,000 meters. It is commonly cultivated in China and around the world. Species of the same genus

There are many plants of the same genus as winter jasmine, the common ones are as follows:

Jasmine jasmine, also called red jasmine, is a climbing shrub. Young branches are quadrangular and striped. Single leaves are alternate, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate. The flowers are terminal in cymes with 3 flowers, the corolla is red to rose red and fragrant. Flowers and leaves bloom together, and the flowering period is May. Produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces.

Frangipani, also called jasmine grandiflora, is an upright shrub. The branches are drooping and angular. The leaves are opposite, pinnately compound, with 5 to 7 leaflets, oval or ovate, with apex acuminate. The flowers are solitary or several in cymes, white and fragrant. The flowering period is from June to July. Produced in Yunnan and Guangxi. It is distributed in Vietnam, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and India.

Spring flowers, also called summer flowers, are semi-evergreen shrubs. The branches are open and arched. The odd-numbered pinnate compound leaves are alternate, with 3 to 5 leaflets, oval or elliptical. Flowers yellow, in terminal multi-flowered cymes. The berries are oval-ovate, green-brown. The flowering period is in May and the fruiting period is in December. Native to central and northern my country.

Yunnan Huang Suxin, also known as Yunnan Yingchun, is an evergreen vine-like shrub. Branchlets are hairless, square, with shallow ribs. The leaves are opposite, with 3 leaflets, oblong-lanceolate, the top one is larger, the base is narrowed into a short stalk, and the lateral leaves are small and sessile. The flowers are solitary, light yellow, with dark spots. The petals are longer than the flower tube, often close to double petals, and have fragrance. The flowering period is from March to April. It is native to Yunnan and is now cultivated in various places.

Plain square flower, semi-evergreen shrub. Branchlets are thin and angular. The leaves are opposite, pinnately compound, with 5 to 9 leaflets, oval or lanceolate, with sharp apex. The cymes are terminal and have several flowers, white and fragrant. The flowering period is from June to July. Produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Tibet. Propagation and cultivation

Mainly by cuttings, layering and division can also be used for propagation.

Cuttings can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn. Cut semi-lignified branches 12-15 cm long, insert them into sandy soil, keep them moist, and take root in about 15 days. For layering, bury the longer branches shallowly in the sand without scratching them. They will take root in 40-50 days and be transplanted separately from the mother plant in the following spring. Division can be done in spring when the buds sprout. When transplanting in spring, cut off part of the above-ground branches and bring them with soil. During the growth process, be careful that the soil does not accumulate water or be excessively dry, and fertilize appropriately 2-3 times before and after flowering. Pruning and shaping should be done in autumn and winter to keep the plant with many new flowers. Leaf spot and blight often occur due to pests and diseases, and can be sprayed with 1500 times of 50 {bf} antibacterial wettable powder. Insect pests include aphids and large clown moths, which can be killed by spraying 50 {bf} phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1,000 times.

Winter jasmine is a plant that likes warmth and is cold-tolerant. It can survive the winter safely outdoors in Beijing and areas south of it. It can be grown on the ground or in pots. It can only be planted in pots in the north of Beijing and moved to a low temperature greenhouse (5-10°C) to survive the winter at -5°C. The flowering period in spring is affected by the temperature and blooms from late January to April from south to north. If you want the flower buds to bloom during the Spring Festival, you can move them 2 to 3 weeks before the festival to a sunny room at 12 to 16 degrees Celsius, at least 2 meters away from the TV and air conditioner, and water them with water at a temperature similar to room temperature for 3 days. Once, and often spray water on the branches and leaves. If there is still no flowering one week before the festival, the room temperature can be raised to 20℃. After flowering, the room temperature should be controlled below 15℃, and it can bloom for 30 to 40 days. Application value

Medicinal value

Also known as small yellow flower, golden belt ("Qun Fang Pu"), ("Dian Zhi"), yellow plum ("Botany Dictionary"), Qingming Festival Flower ("Guizhou Folk Medicine").

Source: Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl., a plant of the genus Oleaceae, whose leaves and flowers are used as medicine. Pick flowers in spring and leaves in summer. Use fresh or dried.

Harvested from February to April and dried.

Meridian distribution of nature and flavor

Leaves: bitter, flat.

Flowers: sweet, astringent, flat.

Functions and Indications

Leaves: detoxify, reduce swelling, stop bleeding, and relieve pain. Used for bruises, traumatic bleeding, stomatitis, carbuncle, furuncle, and vulvar itching.

Flowers: clear away heat, diuretic, detoxify. Used for fever, headache, hot and painful urination, and lower limb ulcers.

Usage and dosage

Leaves: 2 to 3 qian. For external use, mash the fresh product and apply it on the affected area or boil it in water for a sitz bath.

Flowers: 1 to 3 dollars. For external use, grind it into powder, mix it with sesame oil and apply it on the affected area.

Excerpt from "Compilation of National Chinese Herbal Medicine"

Ornamental value

The branches are drooping in spring, with flowers first and then leaves from late winter to early spring. The flowers are golden in color and the leaves are green. In landscaping, it should be planted near lakes, streams, bridgeheads, wall corners, or on lawns, forest edges, slopes, or around houses for viewing flowers in early spring. The greening effect of welcoming the spring is outstanding, the expression speed is fast, and it is widely used in various places. It has a good greening effect in the year of planting. There are cases of using Yingchun as ornamental shrubs in flower beds in Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin, Anhui and other places. Shuyang, Jiangsu Province is the preferred production place of Yingchun. Plant Culture

Flower Language

The flower language of winter jasmine - love forever.

Poetry

1. Tang Dynasty? Bai Juyi's "Playing with Spring Flowers and Giving to Yang Langzhong"

The golden green calyx brings the spring cold,

Among the yellow flowers There are a few.

I would like to tell the tourists by your words,

Don’t look at the blue flowers with your eyes.

About the author Bai Juyi (772-846), Han nationality, named Letian, nicknamed Xiangshan Jushi, was born in Xiagui (now northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi). He was a famous and far-reaching poet and writer in the history of Chinese literature. , known as the "Poetry Demon" and the "Poetry King". His poems have wide influence in China, Japan, North Korea and other countries, and he is the leader of the "New Yuefu Movement".

2. "Spring Flowers" by Liu Chang of the Song Dynasty

The plum blossoms and peach blossoms make the eyes bright,

The east wind enters Jiuchong City first.

No one wants the yellow flowers and green vines,

The waves are famous in the world for welcoming spring.

About the author Liu Chang (-132), a historian, Confucian scholar and essayist of the Northern Song Dynasty. The original name is father. The world calls him Mr. A native of Linjiang Xinyu (formerly Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, now Huangtugang Town, Zhangshu City).

3. "Spring Flowers" by Han Qi in the Song Dynasty

The covering is covered with long thin green strips,

It is covered with snow and turns to bright yellow in the cold.

Welcoming spring is not self-sufficient,

Thousands of flowers are full of fragrance.

About the author Han Qi (1008-1075), whose courtesy name was Zhigui and whose nickname was Gansou, was a native of Anyang, Xiangzhou (now part of Henan). He was a politician and famous general in the Northern Song Dynasty.