1, in order to effectively control the infection and strive for the best therapeutic effect.
2, to prevent and reduce the adverse reactions of antibiotics.
3, pay attention to the dose and course of treatment, to avoid the production of drug-resistant strains of bacteria.
4, pay close attention to the patient's body normal flora dysregulation.
5, according to the drug sensitivity test, strict selection of drugs and the route of administration, to prevent waste.
Suggestions for the rational use of antibiotics
1. Antibiotics are generally not used in patients with viral infections or those with a high likelihood of viral infections.
2. Antibiotics should not be used for those with unknown causes of fever and no signs of suspected bacterial infection. For those with serious conditions or bacterial infections that cannot be ruled out, antibiotics can be used in a targeted manner, and should be discontinued as soon as a non-bacterial infection is recognized.
3, where bacterial infection is suspected, should strive to use antibiotics before the routine collection of specimens in accordance with the disease diagnosis and treatment, bacterial culture and in vitro drug sensitivity test.
4, according to the bacteriological examination results, combined with the clinical selection of sensitive antibiotics, or the original use of antibiotics must be adjusted. The choice of antibiotics at the same time should pay attention to the source and price of drugs.
5, the joint use of antibiotics should be strict indications. Generally applicable to an antibiotic can not control serious infections (including sepsis, bacterial endocarditis, purulent meningitis, etc.), mixed infections, refractory infections, secondary infections, as well as the need for long-term use of bacteria and easy to drug-resistant cases, to the two appropriate, but to reasonably grasp the course of treatment. Combined use of antibiotics should be able to achieve synergistic or additive efficacy, without increasing adverse reactions, to prevent and delay the production of drug-resistant strains of bacteria. It is strictly prohibited to combine drugs at random without any basis.
6, bacterial infections caused by fever, after antibiotic treatment of normal temperature, the disappearance of major symptoms, the timely discontinuation of antibiotics, but sepsis, osteomyelitis, bacterial endocarditis, septic meningitis, typhoid fever, chronic pyelonephritis, diffuse peritonitis, acute obstructive pyogenic cholangitis, tuberculosis, and some serious infections may be determined by the circumstances.
7, clearly diagnosed acute bacterial infections, in the use of a certain antibiotic 72h, the clinical effect is not obvious, or aggravation of the condition of the person, should be analyzed from various aspects of the cause. If the use of antibiotics is a problem, the dosage should be adjusted, the route of administration, according to the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests, and change to other sensitive drugs.
8, generally do not use antibiotics for preventive purposes. In particular, the abuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics, cardiovascular disease without signs of infection, cerebrovascular accidents, malignant tumors, diabetes mellitus, non-infectious shock, chronic renal disorders, generally should not be prophylactic use of antibiotics.
9, all gastrointestinal surgery and gallbladder surgery in addition to other preoperative treatment, can be given 1h preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis
10, only for patients with acute rheumatic fever, penicillin G can be used on a regular basis, in order to kill the pharyngeal hemolytic streptococcus.
11, for other elective surgery, especially cardiac surgery, intracranial surgery and bone, joint surgery, orthopedic surgery can be 1d before the operation to start using antibiotics, the use of time after the operation according to the condition of the decision.
12, must recognize the importance of human immunity, emphasizing comprehensive treatment, do not rely too much on antibacterial drugs.