The ancestor of the goldfish is the wild-living fish also known as wild crucian carp, and it is recorded that as early as the Song Dynasty the goldfish has become an ornamental fish. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the reddish-yellow golden crucian carp was the initial name of the goldfish, and then after a long period of artificial directional cultivation, seed selection and hybridization, which made the species of goldfish to reach more than 300 kinds of goldfish at present. China is the home of the goldfish, which first spread from China to Japan, and then throughout Europe, the United States and the world. In the pet market, goldfish is the most easily purchased ornamental fish, this article on goldfish feeding management, water quality control, feed management and disease prevention with the majority of breeding enthusiasts to exchange experience.

Figure 1 Tap water is commonly used in goldfish breeding

1, how to choose the water source and ensure water quality

Generally, urban fish enthusiasts will use tap water or deep well water, the rural areas are mostly used in rivers, lakes, wells, and so on, but also spring water, snow water and so on. These water sources are summarized into surface water, groundwater and tap water after disinfection and processing. Rainwater can not be used as a water source for goldfish because it contains more impurities, low oxygen content, and acidity due to atmospheric pollution. Urban streams, sewer water and gutter water are absolutely prohibited as sources of water for goldfish rearing because of the high number of harmful factors.

Tap water is a common water source for fish lovers, and most of the tap water in the city is made of surface water that has been precipitated and sterilized. Because of the surface water and air contact surface, dissolved oxygen in the water, precipitation treatment, less impurities, disinfection treatment, less pathogens, and water is rich, is generally considered to be the ideal goldfish rearing water, but because of the tap water out of the plant when the use of bleach disinfection, the water is often residual varying amounts of chlorine, and this chlorine on the goldfish body surface and gill tissues have a poisonous effect, often lead to death of goldfish poisoning, and therefore the use of the water must be treated accordingly before being used as a water source for fish farming. Therefore, it must be treated accordingly before it can be used as water for goldfish rearing. Generally, it can be used as water for fish rearing only when the chlorine evaporates naturally after being exposed to strong sunlight for more than twelve hours or stored for two days without light. If there is an urgent need to change the water with tap water, sodium thiosulfate can be used to neutralize the chlorine in the tap water, generally one gram of sodium thiosulfate per cubic meter of water is put into the water to neutralize the chlorine in the water before it can be used. But generally our daily feeding of goldfish feeding water are used in the sun exposure method, or the use of specialized filtration equipment filtration for more than ten hours, only in the urgent need for water with sodium thiosulfate and neutralization method, this method as little as possible, because in the summer high temperature seasons such as the use of the amount is not mastered, will cause the water to cause turbidity leading to the water can not be used.

Figure 2 The feeding environment of goldfish is much more casual than that of marine fish

2, how to choose fish feed

The goldfish is an omnivorous fish, not only to the natural environment of the animal and plant feeds can be adapted to, but also can eat artificial bait, goldfish feed varieties, it should be noted that the deterioration of the fish feed can not be firmly It is important to note that spoiled fish feed should not be fed, otherwise it will directly affect the healthy growth of goldfish and the quality of water, and may even lead to hypoxia and death of goldfish. Therefore, we should pay great attention to the quality of feed in the process of feeding, and it is better to store fish feed 20 centimeters away from the ground, because if the fish feed is too close to the ground, it may become moldy and spoiled due to the humidity of the ground. When feeding fish feed should also control the amount, according to the size of the goldfish and the appetite of the appropriate feeding. The same fish feed species selection should be based on the palatability of the goldfish, and the water filtration system flow size, now generally use pellet feed, pellet feed advantage is floating on the surface of the water goldfish can eat, will not be wasted, but also easy to clean out the excess feed to keep the water clean.

Figure 3 Black Mary

3, how to prevent disease

The common diseases of goldfish are as follows:

(1) white spot disease: this disease is a common disease of domesticated pet fish, the main symptom is the disease of the fish's body surface, fins and gills can be seen on the many small white dots. The causative agent is the multinucleated small melon worm, so it is also known as small melon worm disease. When the fish is intensively parasitized by a large number of small melon worms, white dotted vesicles are formed, and in severe cases, the whole body is covered with them. In the later stage, the body surface is covered with a white film, the mucus increases, and the body color is dull. The sick fish are thin, floating on the surface of the water or grouped in a corner, rarely active. Cucumber worm disease has obvious seasonality, water temperature 15-20 ℃ is most suitable for the reproduction of cucumber worm. The water temperature can be raised to 30 degrees Celsius by utilizing the method that small melon worms do not tolerate high temperature. Promote the spores produced on the surface of the fish body to mature quickly, accelerate its growth rate, so that they fall off from the surface of the fish body, and then use mercuric nitrate, malachite green, formalin and other treatments.

Figure 4 Goldfish with white spot disease

(2) water mold disease: the cause of this disease is the water mold from the fish body wound invasion, began to parasitize the epidermis, and gradually penetrate into the muscle, sucking up the fish body nutrients, a large number of reproduction, and outwardly gray or greenish-white hyphae (cotton thread-like visible to the naked eye). Parasitic part of the wound inflammation and congestion, necrosis, ulceration; sick fish often use the tank wall, gravel or water plants to rub the affected area, and finally die of exhaustion. This disease can occur throughout the year, and is most likely to be prevalent in early spring and late fall. Young fish with bruises and frostbite are susceptible to the disease; unfertilized eggs and eggs with poor embryonic vitality are also easy to parasitize. The key to prevention is to keep the water clean, the water temperature appropriate, and the fish strong enough not to cause trauma. Salt water or potassium permanganate, furacilin, malachite green solution can be used to soak the sick fish or local application of treatment.

(3) white cloud disease: the cause of this disease is mainly due to the water temperature changes greatly, resulting in the mouth of filarial worms, oblique tube worms, rotifers and other parasites in the fish, stimulate the goldfish to secrete a large amount of mucus, so that the parasitic parts of the white turbid spots, similar to the white cloud, parasitic in the gills of the fish respiratory difficulties. Treatment can be in the aquarium of five hundred milliliters of water, pour into the formalin one milliliter, the sick fish into the bath, each time thirty seconds, once every seven days, can be effectively cured.

Figure 5 Typical symptoms of white cloud disease