Make a reasonable immunization program and do a good job in immunization

(1) The main basis for making a reasonable immunization program is based on the characteristics of varieties, age, maternal antibody level, vaccine type and the occurrence of this epidemic.

① Marek's disease: 1-day-old: 1 Marek's vaccine is injected subcutaneously on the back of the neck (there are two kinds of Marek's disease vaccines for chickens at present, one is a freeze-dried vaccine of turkey herpetic virus, which is diluted with a special diluent, and the subcutaneous injection amount of each 1-day-old chick after hatching is .2ml, which ensures that it contains more than 2, plaque units, and it produces immunity 1-14 days after injection. The other is Marek's disease frozen vaccine, which can be used after thawing in 38C water, and can produce immunity 8 days after injection, and the immune period is more than 1 year).

② Chicken coccidiosis: 3-day-old: injected with coccidiosis vaccine, 1-day-old can be immunized for life. However, it has also been reported that the effect is not satisfactory.

③ Newcastle disease: At present, there are four kinds of Xincheng vaccines used in China: I-line vaccine, II-line vaccine (B1), III-line vaccine (F-line) and IV-line vaccine (including LaSota, Clone -3, etc.). I vaccine is a live vaccine with moderate toxicity, and its toxicity is slightly stronger. It can only be used for chickens over 2 months old. It can be immunized by intramuscular injection (999 ml of normal saline or water for injection is added to each ml of vaccine, and 1ml is injected into the chest muscle of each chicken), inoculation, eye drop, nasal drop or aerosol method. The advantages of this vaccine are fast immunity (4 days after inoculation), strong immunity and a long immune period of up to one year. However, it may affect the laying of some chickens, and even paralyzed chickens or dead chickens may appear. The seedlings of line Ⅱ (B1), line Ⅲ (F) and line Ⅳ (including LaSota, Clone -3, etc.) are all attenuated live seedlings. Widely used for the first immunization (first immunization) of chicks. It is safe for all kinds of chickens. There is no uniform immunization program for this disease. For example, in the first scheme, the attenuated Newcastle disease vaccine (strain II, strain IV or clone -3) can be used for the first immunization at the age of 7-1 days, and the second immunization at the age of 25-3 days; Immunization for three times at the age of 6~7 days; Fourth immunization at the age of 12~14 days. Immunize once every 2~3 months. The second scheme: the 7~1-day-old attenuated vaccine is first immunized, the 25~3-day-old attenuated vaccine and the oil emulsion inactivated vaccine are injected at the same time, and the 12~14-day-old inactivated vaccine is injected. In the third scheme, the 7-1-day-old attenuated vaccine was immunized first, and at the same time, half dose of oil emulsion inactivated vaccine was injected subcutaneously, and the 7-day-old attenuated vaccine (LaSota vaccine) was immunized, and the 12-14-day-old inactivated vaccine was injected. The fourth scheme: the 7~1-day-old attenuated vaccine is first immunized, the 25~3-day-old attenuated vaccine is second immunized, the 6~7-day-old attenuated vaccine is immunized, and .5ml of the attenuated vaccine or oil emulsion inactivated vaccine is injected when it is put into the cage (12 ~ 14 days old).

④12-day-old: kidney-borne freeze-dried vaccine. 1.5-2 feather drinking water Newcastle disease+infectious bronchitis+glandular gastritis oil emulsion (this agent is injected intramuscularly by .25ml per muscle);

⑤ Infectious bursal disease in chickens: There is no uniform immunization program for this disease, which should be determined according to the epidemiology, epidemic situation, characteristics of vaccine strains and whether hens have been vaccinated. For example, in some chicken farms in Guangzhou, when there is low or no maternal antibody, the attenuated vaccine (such as D78) or 1/2~1/3 dose of virulent vaccine is inoculated as soon as possible, and the first immunization is performed at 1~3 days old and the second immunization is performed at 1~14 days old. When there are high maternal antibodies, the first immunization is about 18 days old and the second immunization is about 28~35 days old. If the maternal antibodies are uneven, the first immunization is carried out at the age of 1~3 days, and the second immunization is carried out at the age of 16~22 days; If toxic vaccine is used, it will be immunized once at the age of 14~18 days.

⑥ fowlpox: use attenuated fowlpox quail vaccine to prevent it, and use 5% glycerol saline or saline diluted 1 times according to the actual tissue content. You can dip the vaccine with a sterilized pen tip or inoculation needle, and there is no blood vessel under the skin of the chicken wings. Chickens less than one month old are pricked once, and those over one month old are pricked twice. You can also dilute the vaccine according to the age of the chicken and then prick the seed. Chickens aged 1-15 days are diluted 2 times, chickens aged 15-6 days are diluted 1 times, and chickens aged 2-4 months are diluted 5 times, and each chicken is inoculated. 3~4 days after seed pricking, the pricking part is slightly red and swollen, with blisters and scabs, and the scabs fall off in 2~3 weeks, indicating that the pricking is successful, otherwise it should be replanted. The immune period is 2 months for chicks and 5 months for big chickens.

⑦ infectious laryngotracheitis: 44-day-old: freeze-dried vaccine of infectious laryngotracheitis, 1-1.5 plumes of drinking water (those who have never been ill can be omitted, because the vaccine is highly virulent, and there may be different reactions after inoculation, even death, especially in chickens with brown feathers)

⑨1-day-old: Escherichia coli multivalent oil emulsion, .5 ml of which is injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

⑩12 days old: Newcastle disease+infectious bronchitis+egg drop syndrome triple vaccine. .5 ml of emulsion was injected intramuscularly into each muscle.

This is the most comprehensive immunization program and preventive administration program. Suitable for all situations, nothing more than these precautions. But for your chicken farm, you should choose the application according to the local chicken disease epidemic situation. Broilers can be immunized with Newcastle disease vaccine (once for 7 days and 21 days) and bursal disease vaccine (once for 14 days and 28 days) because of their early slaughter.

(II) Precautions for Inoculation

1. First, choose the vaccine produced by a reputable manufacturer with guaranteed quality.

2. The vaccination age, vaccination varieties and vaccination methods should be basically fixed. Before inoculation, all instruments should be cleaned, injection instruments should be sterilized at high temperature, and disinfectant should not be used for disinfection.

3. The vaccine should be stored at freezing (-2-1℃) or low temperature (2-8℃) according to the variety type. Oil seedlings must not be frozen.

4. Before vaccination, you should carefully see whether the vaccine variety is correct and whether it exceeds the validity period. The dilution ratio before inoculation should be appropriate, and it should be diluted according to the diluent specified in the instructions, that is, special dilution water, normal saline or sterilized water should be selected; Oil emulsion and vaccine should not be diluted with water. And the vaccine must be mixed evenly. It should be fully guaranteed that each chicken is vaccinated with enough vaccine. When using, the vaccine should be diluted with the use. The diluted vaccine should avoid high temperature and direct sunlight and be used up within the specified time (.5-1 hour).

5. The dosage of vaccine must refer to the instructions. During mass inoculation, in order to make up for the loss during operation, the dosage should be appropriately increased by 1% ~ 2%.

6. It is suggested to adopt individual immunization methods (such as eye drops, nose drops, drinking water, etc. by using Newcastle disease). Its advantage is that the inoculation dose is relatively uniform and accurate, and it can form a strong local immunity.

7. Vaccines can be used together with antibiotics, but they cannot be mixed together. However, the use of antibacterial drugs was stopped three days before and after inoculation with bacterial vaccines (such as mycoplasma, Escherichia coli and septicemia vaccine). Empty bottles of used vaccines should be collected, burned or buried deeply.

8. Chickens can be vaccinated only when they are in good health.

9. If it is not a combined vaccine, you should not combine the two vaccines at will.

Second, feed problem:

1. Broiler No.1 feed (-5 weeks old):

6% fish meal, 24.7% bean meal, 3% bran, 61.6% corn, 1.5% secondary meal and 3.2% additive (including .24g of copper sulfate (containing 57mg of copper/kg). .8g of manganese sulfate (containing 7PPM of manganese, that is, 7mg per kilogram of material), .8g of potassium iodide (containing .6ppm of iodine), .11g of sodium selenite (containing .31ppm of selenium), .42g of cobalt chloride (containing .1ppm of cobalt), 9.8g of limestone powder and 11.6 of calcium hydrogen phosphate. The formula contains ME2.97 million calories/kg, CP21.54%, calcium 1%, phosphorus .65%, lysine 1.56%, sulfur-containing amino acids .84% and salt .37%.

2. No.2 material (more than 5 weeks old):

1.5% meat powder, 21% soybean meal, 4% yeast powder, 2% oil cake, 5% corn, 8.5% bran and 1% secondary flour. Add 15g of copper sulfate, 1g of ferrous sulfate, 6g of zinc sulfate, 66g of manganese sulfate, .15g of potassium iodide, .15g of sodium selenite, .13g of cobalt chloride, 65g of avian vitamin, 75g of choline, 1.2g of flavomycin, 225g of methionine, 93g of limestone powder, 3,4g of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 8g of salt, mildew inhibitor, etc.