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Silkworm pupa, also called bee, is a high-protein nutrient. Late silkworm excrement (silkworm excrement), silkworm chrysalis, cocoon, Beauveria bassiana (silkworm infected with Beauveria bassiana and dying), etc. , are used as medicine.

Silkworms will become pupae after spinning and cocooning for about 4 days. Silkworm pupa is shaped like a rotating pestle, which is divided into three parts: chest and abdomen. The head is small, with compound eyes and tentacles; The chest has chest feet and wings; The bulging abdomen has nine nodes. The color is brown. Professional workers can distinguish men and women from the lines and brown spots on the abdomen of silkworm chrysalis. When the silkworm chrysalis is just pupated, its body color is light yellow, the pupa is tender and soft, and it will gradually turn yellow, brown or brown, and the pupa skin will become hard. After about 12 to 15 days, when the pupa body becomes soft again and the pupa skin is a little shriveled and brown cocoon color, it will become a moth. Silkworm pupae can be eaten to supplement nutrition.

Chinese name

silkworm chrysalis

Foreign name

silkworm chrysalis

Another name

Little bee

Latin

silkworm

use

Medicine, daily consumption

Sexual taste

Gan and Ping

Latin plant names

silkworm

catalogue

1 history

2 primitive form

3 sexual taste

4 Pharmacopoeia standard

5 function

6 cases of medicated diet

Silkworm pupa protein powder

Stewed silkworm chrysalis with walnut

Fried leek with silkworm chrysalis

Fried silkworm chrysalis

Silkworm pupa walnut broth

Silkworm pupa wine

7 nutritional analysis

8 nutritional value

9 recipes

Dietetic value 10

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[usage]

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Edible

history

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Silkworm pupa has a long history in China. It is reported that silkworm chrysalis has a history of 1400 years.

Original shape

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Silkworm moths, whether female or male, are densely covered with white scales. Body length 1.6-2.3cm Wings spread 3.9-4.3cm Body wings are yellowish white to grayish white. The outer edge of the front wing is depressed inward behind the vertex angle, and the color of each horizontal line is slightly dark and not obvious. The tail line and wing veins are grayish brown, and the color of the rear wing is lighter than that of the front wing, with a slightly longer edge and scales. The female moth has a fat abdomen and a blunt end; The male moth has a narrow abdomen and a slightly sharp end. Larvae, that is, silkworm, is grayish white, and the second and third segments on the chest are slightly swollen and wrinkled. There is a tail horn on the back of the eighth abdominal segment.

Sexual taste

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Bombyx batryticatus: salty, pungent, flat and nontoxic.

Silkworm cocoon: sweet and nontoxic. Silkworm pupa: sweet and flat.

Late silkworm excrement: sweet, pungent, warm and nontoxic.

Ingredients: Pupa contains protein and fatty oil, in which the main components are unsaturated fatty acids, glycerin vinegar, a small amount of lecithin, alcohol and fat-soluble vitamins. Silkworm excrement contains organic matter, including protein and chlorophyll, as well as plant growth hormone and histidine. Silkworm dung irradiated by sunlight can calcify bones after being eaten by chickens, or the vitamin D precursor contained in it belongs to 2 1- dihydrocalcium alcohol.

Pharmacopoeia standard

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Silkworm pupae can eat silkworm pupae.

This product is the dried pupa of Bombyx mori (Linnaeus), an insect of Bombycidae. Take it out of the reeling cocoon, and dry it in the sun or at low temperature.

Features This product is similar to a spindle, with a length of1.4 ~ 2.5cm and a width of 0.8 ~1.4cm.. The surface is brown to brown with oily or waxy luster. The head is blunt and round, the tail is blunt and slightly pointed, and the ventral surface is wrinkled and sunken. The head can be seen with incompletely differentiated antennae, a pair of eyes and feet; The thin wings that are not fully differentiated cling to both sides of the upper abdomen; The lower abdomen is the link. The head on the back is an undifferentiated inverted triangular shield, and there are probably 10 links below, among which the neck and tail are not obvious. Crispy and crisp, the outer layer of the section is yellow and white, and the inner layer is dark brown and hollow. The smell is slightly fishy and salty.

Identification Take 65438 0 g of this product powder, add 65438±05ml of ethanol, perform ultrasonic treatment for 65438±00min, filter, take 5ml of filtrate, add 0.5ml of ninhydrin test solution, and heat until the solution turns purple.

Check the moisture content according to the moisture determination method (China Pharmacopoeia Appendix ⅸ H First Method), which shall not exceed 12.0%. The total ash content shall not exceed 6.0% (Appendix ⅸ k of China Pharmacopoeia).

The extract shall be determined by hot dip method under Determination of Alcohol-soluble Extracts (Appendix ⅹ a of China Pharmacopoeia), with 70% ethanol as solvent, not less than 8.0%.

Processing to remove impurities and sieving to remove ash.

Sexual taste, sweet, pungent, salty and slightly warm. Enter spleen, stomach, liver and kidney meridians.

Indications: promoting fluid production to quench thirst, promoting digestion and regulating qi. Used to quench thirst, emaciation and infantile malnutrition.

Usage and dosage: 3 ~ 15g, stir-fried or eaten raw.

Store in a dry place to prevent mildew and moths.

function

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In terms of efficacy, silkworm chrysalis is an advanced nutritional supplement for the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled. Silkworm pupae can produce pharmacologically active substances, which can effectively improve the level of human white blood cells, thus improving immunity and delaying aging. Silkworm pupa oil can reduce blood lipid and cholesterol, and has a significant effect on treating hypercholesterolemia and improving liver function.

Fried silkworm chrysalis can cure fatigue and emaciation in children, and silkworm chrysalis oil has certain curative effect on hypertension, fatty liver and hyperlipidemia. Bombyx Batryticatus can treat epilepsy, nocturnal crying, convulsion and wind pinch in children. Soaking silkworm excrement in wine at night can reduce wind and dispel stubbornness. Silkworm cocoon can cure thirst, stop bleeding and toothache.

Prescription 1 Treatment of infantile malnutrition: fry silkworm chrysalis and mix it with honey. ("Quanzhou Materia Medica") 2 Treating fatigue as thin as firewood: silkworm chrysalis is not limited, fried and eaten. ("Quanzhou Materia Medica") 3 Treatment of thirst and fever, or upset: silkworm chrysalis one or two. Take a cup of ashless wine, a large cup of water, boil a cup together, clarify, and take silkworm chrysalis. ("Sheng Hui Fang") 4 Curing Ascaris: The silkworm chrysalis is divided into two. Crush, wring raw cloth to get juice, and drink it in the hollow. Or the silkworm chrysalis is exposed to the sun, pounded into powder and eaten with porridge. (Shengji always records the formula of silkworm pupa juice)

Silkworm pupa gourmet

[Tuberculosis, emaciation, chronic gastritis, gastroptosis]

Bake silkworm chrysalis and grind it into powder, each time 1.5 ~ 3g, twice a day (this powder must be dried and preserved, and it is best to put it into capsules).

[Rheumatalgia, neuralgia, numbness of limbs]

Stir-fry 90 grams of silkworm excrement, put it in a cloth bag, soak it in 500 grams of yellow wine, and drink alcohol after 7~ 10, twice a day.

[Diabetes and frequent urination, diabetes]

10 cocoon with pupa, decocted in water (Wang Mengying, a famous doctor in Qing Dynasty, used silk soup to cure thirst, the principle is the same).

【 Hemophilia, bleeding from dental caries, purple spots, nosebleeds 】

Cocoons are easy to burn and finely ground, 3g per serving, twice a day. The product is also used as a hemostatic agent for traumatic bleeding.

[Urticaria, itching]

Decoct 6 grams of Bombyx Batryticatus, 6 grams of Schizonepeta Spike and 3 grams of Cicada in water.

[rash]

Bombyx batryticatus, cicada slough, rhubarb, turmeric, etc. Evenly divide the powder, 6g per dose, and take it with honey mixed with yellow wine (Qingyang Lishanfang, named "Jiang Sheng Powder").

[Infantile spasm, tetanus spasm]

Bombyx batryticatus, Scorpio, Meretrix meretrix, cicada, Arisaema cum bile, etc. * * * Grind into fine powder and take it with sugar soup, each time 1.5 ~ 3g, 2~3 times a day.

[strokes]

Decoct 3 grams of Bombyx Batryticatus, 3 grams of Carthamus tinctorius, 3 grams of Schizonepeta tenuifolia and 3 grams of red leaves in water.

[epilepsy]

9 grams of Bombyx Batryticatus, 9 grams of Perilla frutescens, 9 grams of Fructus Arctii, 3 points of cinnabar, 2 slices of ginger, and decocted with water.

[Rheumatalgia]

30g of night silkworm excrement (wrapped in cloth) and 30g of fresh pine needles, finely cut, add a bowl of yellow wine and a bowl of water, and fry for half to remove residues, twice a day.

Contraindications to drugs

"Life Fun Diet Spectrum": "People who suffer from beriberi should avoid it. Otter dogs bite people for life, and eating by mistake is inevitable.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that silkworm chrysalis is flat and sweet, and has the effects of expelling wind and strengthening the spleen, quenching thirst and calming the nerves, benefiting essence and helping yang. "Prepare for a thousand dollars" says that it "benefits essence, strengthens men's carambola and cures ejaculation." "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: "Take it at the end, treat infantile malnutrition, increase muscle, reduce fever and remove ascaris; Drink soup to quench your thirst. " Pharmacological research shows that silkworm chrysalis can regulate the metabolism of sugar and fat to some extent. Beauveria bassiana pupa oil has the effect of reducing blood lipid; Pills made of purified silkworm chrysalis oil are used to treat hypercholesterolemia, which has obvious curative effect on lowering cholesterol and improving liver function. Proper consumption of silkworm chrysalis has a good auxiliary treatment effect on patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic hepatitis and malnutrition. In addition, silkworm chrysalis contains a broad-spectrum immune substance, which has special effects on cancer. It is reported that Japan and other countries have produced α -interferon from silkworm chrysalis for clinical anti-cancer treatment.

An example of medicated diet

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Silkworm pupa protein powder

It is a protein polypeptide extracted from silkworm chrysalis by bioengineering and enzymolysis technology. Rich in protein and various amino acids, the purity is about 98%, the activity rate is above 97.7%, the solubility and digestion utilization rate are high, and it is safe without side effects and dependence. It can effectively improve the level of human white blood cells, thereby improving human immune function and delaying human aging. It is especially suitable for sub-health people with heavy work pressure, weak constitution, poor resistance, recovery after illness, middle-aged and elderly people, pregnant women and so on.

Stewed silkworm chrysalis with walnut

Walnut kernel 15

Stewed silkworm chrysalis with walnut

0 grams, 80 grams of silkworm chrysalis, 3 grams of cinnamon. Firstly, cinnamon is washed, dried or dried, and ground into very fine powder. Wash the silkworm chrysalis, dry it, stir-fry it a little, put it in a big bowl with walnuts, add a proper amount of water, add cinnamon powder, stir it evenly, and stew it in water. It can be taken as a snack at will or twice in the morning and evening. It can tonify liver and kidney, strengthen brain, improve intelligence, warm lung, moisten intestine, blacken beard and hair. It is suitable for soreness of waist and knees, frequent micturition, impotence, nocturnal emission, premature gray hair, tuberculosis, cough and other symptoms caused by deficiency of essence and blood.

Fried leek with silkworm chrysalis

50g of silkworm chrysalis, 200g of leek, Jiang Mo, refined salt, and flavoring essential oil. Separate leek from silkworm chrysalis.

Fried leek with silkworm chrysalis

Wash and set aside. Put oil in a wok, stir-fry the drained silkworm chrysalis slightly, then add leek, add Jiang Mo, refined salt and monosodium glutamate, stir-fry evenly, and serve. It can invigorate qi and nourish blood, warm kidney and help yang, eliminate fatigue and resist aging. It is suitable for patients with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, impotence, nocturnal emission and constipation.

Fried silkworm chrysalis

Silkworm pupa, vegetable oil, onion, ginger, garlic, salt, etc. Wash the silkworm chrysalis first and control the water for later use. Add vegetable oil to wok, heat it, fry silkworm chrysalis, pour out excess oil, leave a little base oil, heat it, and add seasonings such as onion, ginger, garlic and salt to fry. Eat with meals. Silkworm pupa is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which can reduce excess cholesterol in human body. Can be used for adjuvant treatment of hepatitis and cardiovascular diseases.

Fried silkworm chrysalis

Silkworm pupa walnut broth

50g of silkworm chrysalis, walnut kernel 100 ~ 150g, a little refined salt and monosodium glutamate. Stir-fry the silkworm chrysalis in a wok, add 500ml of water to the casserole, add walnut kernel and silkworm chrysalis, bring to a boil with high fire, and simmer for about 40 minutes. After cooking, you can season with refined salt and monosodium glutamate. Eat silkworm chrysalis, walnut kernel, drink soup, and take it five times in a row. This product can strengthen spleen and stomach, tonify qi and blood, and treat malnutrition, and is suitable for children with malnutrition, deficiency of both qi and blood, and emaciated body.

Silkworm pupa wine

Silkworm pupa 100g, rice wine 500ml. Wash the silkworm chrysalis, control the humidity, soak it in a rice wine jar for 1 month before drinking. 65438+ 0 times a day, 2 spoonfuls each time. It can harmonize spleen and stomach, relieve fatigue and enhance sexual function, and is suitable for impotence, nocturnal emission and spleen and stomach weakness.

Due to the complex composition of silkworm chrysalis, if it is not handled properly, it will cause poisoning after eating. Therefore, we must pay attention to: unprocessed silkworm chrysalis can not be eaten, let alone eaten directly after cold salad; Silkworm pupae that are stale, discolored, black, red, spicy or smelly are inedible; silkworm chrysalis

Fried silkworm chrysalis

It is inedible if stored for too long (over 1 week in cold weather and over 20 hours in hot weather); People who have a history of food allergies such as fish and shrimp are not allowed to eat silkworm chrysalis.

Nutritional analysis

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Silkworm pupa is rich in protein and various amino acids, and it is an advanced nutritional supplement for the old, the weak, the sick and women after delivery. Silkworm pupae can produce substances with pharmacological activity, which can effectively improve the level of human white blood cells, thus improving human immune function and delaying human functional aging. Silkworm pupa oil can reduce blood lipid and cholesterol, and has a significant effect on treating hypercholesterolemia and improving liver function.

[Edible] Suitable for people with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver and diabetes; Suitable for tuberculosis patients and people with thin bodies; Suitable for malnourished children; Suitable for people with chronic gastritis and gastroptosis; Suitable for middle-aged and elderly people with weak waist and knees, frequent nocturnal urination, impotence and nocturnal emission.

[Don't eat] Silkworm pupae make up the deficiency, and people with beriberi don't eat it.

nutritive value

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Silkworm pupa has extremely high nutritional value and is rich in protein (crude protein accounts for 565,438+0%), fatty acids (crude fat accounts for 29%) and vitamins (including vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin D and ergosterol). The content of protein in silkworm chrysalis is above 50%, which is much higher than that in general food. protein contains various essential amino acids. Protein of silkworm chrysalis consists of 18 amino acids, among which 8 amino acids essential for human body are very high. The content of these eight essential amino acids in silkworm chrysalis is about 2 times that of pork, 4 times that of eggs and 10 times that of milk, with balanced nutrition and appropriate proportion. It is a high-quality insect protein.

cookbook

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Braised silkworm chrysalis

Ingredients: silkworm chrysalis and yam; Ingredients: salt, monosodium glutamate 25g, onion ginger 100g, dried tangerine peel 10g, star anise 10g, fragrant leaves 5g, angelica dahurica 15g, cardamom 15g, rice wine 15g, vinegar.

Steps: First, treat silkworm chrysalis. Wash silkworm chrysalis and blanch with boiling water for 5 minutes until it stops growing; Concocting the above ingredients into marinade, adding silkworm chrysalis, and boiling with strong fire; After the water boils, turn it to low heat and simmer for 10 minute; After soaking for 4 hours, put it in the refrigerator to cool down.

Secondly, wash and peel the yam, cut it into strips about 2 cm, and soak it in vinegar for 2 minutes to taste; Take it out, rinse it, soak it with iced silkworm chrysalis for 10 minute, and put it on a plate to get juice.

Fried silkworm chrysalis

Ingredients: silkworm chrysalis; Ingredients: salt and oil.

Steps: firstly, wash the silkworm chrysalis and marinate it with salt for 10 minute; Secondly, heat the oil in the pot and add the silkworm chrysalis to stir fry. It can be loaded in 2 minutes. When frying, be careful not to use too much firepower to avoid frying.

Silkworm pupa egg cake

Ingredients: silkworm chrysalis, eggs; Ingredients: salt and oil.

Steps: firstly, wash the silkworm chrysalis, control the water, and fry it in oil; Secondly, put the silkworm chrysalis into a bowl, beat in 2 eggs, add a little salt and mix well; Put the oil in the pot, and when the oil is heated for five minutes, pour in the silkworm chrysalis and egg liquid; Fry on both sides and serve. [ 1]

Therapeutic value

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Silkworm pupa, an insect of Bombycidae. Produced in sericulture areas all over the country. It is mainly taken out from the cocoon after reeling. Used for cleaning. Or dry for later use.

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Rich in protein, fat, vitamins A, B2, D and ergosterol. Protein hydrolysate includes arginine, lysine, histidine, cystine, tryptophan, tyrosine, threonine and methionine. Fat contains saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid), unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid and linolenic acid) and sterols.

Silkworm pupa oil is a mixture of higher fatty acid glycerides extracted from silkworm pupa, and its appearance is yellow to red transparent oily liquid. Silkworm pupa oil contains more than 80% unsaturated fatty acids, including α -linolenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and odd carbon fatty acids. Functional and nutritional studies at home and abroad show that silkworm chrysalis oil has important health care functions: reducing blood lipid, cholesterol and blood pressure, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; Inhibit platelet aggregation and prevent thrombosis and stroke; Enhance the reflex ability of retina and prevent vision loss; Enhance memory and prevent cancer and tumor; Reduce serum cholesterol content and improve liver and kidney function. At the same time, gold silkworm Kangbao silkworm chrysalis oil soft capsules and other products with health care functions were developed.

[use]

For spleen deficiency, malnutrition, emaciation, mental fatigue; Spleen deficiency, thirst, dry mouth, upset, fever.

[usage]

Fried food, fried soup, or ground.

[attachment]

1, silkworm chrysalis powder: silkworm chrysalis 90g, baked and ground. Take 30g each time, and take it with rice or warm water.

From Compendium of Materia Medica. The silkworm chrysalis specially made by this prescription has the function of invigorating spleen and tonifying deficiency. It is suitable for children with malnutrition, chronic tuberculosis and muscular atrophy. You can also fry the silkworm chrysalis and eat it.

2. Silkworm pupa soup: 60 grams of silkworm pupa, boiled with water and rice wine (or white wine) to get juice.

From Sheng Huifang. Silkworm pupae are generally used to decoct soup to quench thirst. Used to quench thirst, dry mouth, heat upset, or heart heat. It is best to bring clothes for cocoon cooking.

The incubation period of silkworm chrysalis poisoning varies from several hours to 1 week. The common manifestations of poisoning are dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Some patients may have palpitation, chest tightness, limb trembling, hand and foot spasm and other symptoms. Deep poisoning patients can also have symptoms such as blood pressure drop, purple lips and coma and convulsions, but severe patients are rare. It has been reported that a patient who ate a large amount of silkworm chrysalis appeared dizziness, nausea and vomiting eight hours later, followed by nervous system damage such as eyeball, tongue muscle tremor, systemic spasm and unstable gait, and was diagnosed as silkworm chrysalis encephalopathy, which was a reaction caused by silkworm chrysalis allergy. Another case ate more than 0/0 of deteriorated silkworm chrysalis/kloc-and lost consciousness of vomiting the next day, accompanied by paroxysmal convulsions of hands and feet. After admission, he was in a trance, agitated, sometimes shouting, shortness of breath, incontinence, and paroxysmal tremor of muscles all over his body; There was no abnormality in brain tissue by CT scan, and EEG was widely and moderately abnormal; After treatment with chlorpromazine, glucocorticoid, neuroactivator and supportive therapy, he was discharged after 29 days, which was also considered to be related to allergic reaction. There is no specific detoxification treatment for silkworm chrysalis poisoning, and symptomatic support treatment is mainly adopted. The main principles of poisoning first aid: First, acute patients should induce vomiting, gastric lavage, catharsis and detoxification. Second, timely rehydration and diuresis, in order to facilitate the discharge of toxins, and supplement water and electrolytes to prevent water loss and electrolyte, acid-base imbalance.

Relevant experts remind the masses to pay attention to preventing silkworm chrysalis poisoning. First, buy fresh silkworm chrysalis, and don't buy or eat rotten silkworm chrysalis; Second, the silkworm chrysalis must be fully heated before eating, and boiled in boiling water for 15 minutes before cooking and frying; The third is to eat less at a time. After the unfinished silkworm chrysalis is placed, it should be thoroughly heated before eating.

Edible

Silkworm pupa is the pupa body left after reeling. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that this product is sweet, warm, salty and pungent, and belongs to spleen, stomach and kidney meridians. It has the effects of warming yang, invigorating kidney, expelling pathogenic wind, removing dampness, invigorating spleen and resolving food stagnation, and is suitable for kidney yang deficiency, impotence, nocturnal emission, rheumatalgia, and infantile malnutrition. "Compendium of Materia Medica" states "Treating emaciation, muscle growth, fever and ascariasis in children". "Yi Lin Bian" says "harmonize spleen and stomach, dispel wind and dampness, and generate yang".

Pharmacological research shows that silkworm chrysalis contains 28%~30% fat and 56%~63% protein, as well as minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron, and is rich in vitamins and hormones. Protein contained in it is easy to hydrolyze, similar to human protein, and the absorption rate of human body is about 90%.

Therefore, eating silkworm chrysalis can not only supplement fat, protein and vitamins, but also increase the vitality of brain cells and improve thinking ability. Silkworm pupa is rich in chitin, and its extract is called chitosan. Studies have shown that chitin and chitosan have the functions of improving immunity and strengthening liver. In America, Japan and other places, it has been used as a new food additive.

Silkworm pupa contains a lot of arginine, which exceeds that of chicken, fish, meat and eggs. Arginine can relieve fatigue and improve sexual function. It is an important raw material for producing male sperm protein, and has obvious curative effect on chronic hepatitis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, leukopenia and malnutrition. Scientists from China and Sweden cooperated to extract a broad-spectrum immune substance from tussah pupa. The substance has therapeutic effects on cancer, arteriosclerosis, hepatitis, nephritis, etc. Silkworm pupa can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and has good anti-inflammatory and anti-infection effects. The unsaturated fatty acids contained in it can reduce the excess cholesterol in human body. It has been proved that silkworm chrysalis can regulate the metabolism of sugar and fat.