Controlling diet and improving lifestyle are the basic measures to treat hypercholesterolemia. Regardless of whether patients choose medication or not, they must adhere to lifestyle intervention. Lifestyle intervention measures mainly include quitting smoking, limiting salt, limiting alcohol, banning alcohol, controlling diet and increasing exercise. According to the degree and classification of dyslipidemia, sex, age and labor intensity, make corresponding recipes to reduce the daily total energy intake, which should be reduced by 300-500 calories per day.

Patients should also limit cholesterol intake, less than 300 mg per day, carbohydrate intake accounts for 50%-60% of total energy, and soluble dietary fiber should be supplemented. Patients should also increase exercise, 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every day, 5-7 days a week, in order to maintain an appropriate body mass index. For patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease, exercise load test should be carried out before exercise to fully evaluate its safety.

Patients whose blood lipids are still not up to standard after taking the above measures can be treated with drugs. The main drugs used in clinic are statins, intestinal cholesterol absorption inhibitors, probucol, bile acid chelating agents, fibrates, nicotinic acids, new lipid-regulating drugs and traditional Chinese medicine.