1, planting time
The planting season of cherry tomatoes is similar to that of ordinary tomatoes. Cultivation in the open field, spring sowing can raise seedlings in February, planting after late frost in late April, and entering the harvest period in the middle and late June. Seeding in autumn can be carried out in July, planted in August and harvested in 10. Protected cultivation can be appropriately early or delayed.
2, seedbed preparation
Nursery beds should be selected in plots where solanaceae plants are not planted. Add 40%-50% decomposed organic fertilizer to fertile land. Each nutrient soil is fully mixed with 1 kg calcium superphosphate and 5- 10 kg ash. After mixing, sieve and spread on the seedling bed. The seedling bed in early spring should be placed in the greenhouse. If the temperature is too low, an electric hotline should be laid. In summer, the seedling bed should be placed in a cool and ventilated place. The rainfall is high in summer, so the seedbed should be equipped with rain-proof facilities and there should be a drainage ditch at the end of the bed.
3. Seed treatment
In order to increase the yield of tomatoes, seeds must be treated before sowing. Most diseases of cherry tomatoes are spread by seeds, so seeds should be disinfected before sowing. In order to prevent the occurrence of viral diseases, seeds are usually disinfected with trisodium phosphate. Seeds are washed once a day during germination, and when 1/2 seeds are exposed for about 3-4 days, they can be sown.
4. Seedling management
Early spring seedlings should be kept warm, and the seedbed temperature should be controlled at 25-30℃ before emergence. Summer seedlings should avoid rain and pay attention to cooling. When most seeds sprout, they should be cooled in time. Control the temperature at 20℃ during the day and at 12- 15℃ at night, and divide the seedlings when they grow to two true leaves.
5. Divide seedlings
In early spring, the temperature is getting higher and higher, and the seedbed generally does not need to be laid with a hotline. In early spring, seedling separation should be carried out in sunny morning, and the method of planting in dark water should be used to ditch first and then water. After water permeates, plant seedlings and bury the soil. After burying the soil, there is no accumulated water on the surface, and the row spacing is10×10cm. In summer, seedlings are divided at night or on cloudy days. The method is the same as that in early spring. The row spacing is 10× 10 cm. After planting, water is poured, and the border is shaded. Remove the cover after slow seedling, and the temperature of the seedbed is 25-28 C the day before slow seedling and15-18 C at night. 20-25 C during the day and13-15 C at night after delayed seedling. There is no need to water in early spring, and the seedbed is often watered in summer. Plant when the seedlings grow to 8 true leaves.
6. Planting
First of all, the whole land is combined with 5000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 20 kilograms of N, P and K compound fertilizer and 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate per mu. After soil preparation, make a flat border with a width of 150 cm. Planted 3 rows per border in the flat border, and per species 1 row in the small and high border. The plant spacing is 20-30cm, and 4,500-6,000 plants are planted per mu. The plastic film should be covered in the whole border first, and then planted according to the plant spacing, and the planting depth is 1 cm from the cotyledon surface.
7. Field management
(1) water: water the planting water until the first panicle blooms and bears fruit. If the water planted is less watered, furrows can be opened in the border to irrigate small water, and the election will be held on a sunny morning. The first panicle of flowers was watered for the first time after fruiting. In the fruiting period, the amount of water needed is very large, so water should be poured every 5-6 days, and it is required to be dry and wet. Reduce watering during harvesting to prevent cracking.
(2) Topdressing: After the first panicle is set, it is combined with watering to apply 10 kg compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per mu, and topdressing 10 kg compound fertilizer per mu when the first panicle turns color to promote fruit development. The amount of topdressing is per mu 10 kg compound fertilizer.
(3) Temperature management: The cultivation temperature in the protected area is higher than that of ordinary tomatoes, and it needs10 C or higher at night, 20-25 C during the day and not higher than 35°C during the day.
(4) Pruning: cherry tomato plants are tall and have poor erectness. When the plants grow to 50 cm, chajia should be carried out to prevent lodging. Side branches have strong growth ability, and generally double-stem pruning is carried out, leaving two strong branches first and eliminating other side branches. Generally, the top is not topped. When the lower old leaves are yellow, remove them in time to reduce the consumption of nutrients.
(5) Sparse flowers and protect fruits: In early spring, when the temperature is low, poor pollination is easy to drop flowers, so you can apply 2,4-d to the newly opened calyx and pedicel (just apply 1 time). Cherry tomatoes have more flowers and fruits per ear, so 20-30 fruits with good fruit setting are selected and the rest are removed.
8. Harvest: Harvest at full maturity, and keep sepals and a section of fruit stalk during harvest.
9, pest control
Common diseases include early blight, late blight, virus disease, gray mold and so on. Control method: 3-4 years rotation with non-solanaceae crops. In the early stage of the disease, 70% mancozeb 500-fold solution and 75% chlorothalonil 600-fold solution were sprayed every 7- 10 day, and sprayed 4-5 times. Insect pests are mainly aphids, which can be controlled by 800- 1000 times of 20% pyrethroid EC and 2000-3000 times of 50% aphid fog.