In 1842, Britain occupied Hong Kong Island through the Opium Wars. The British occupied Hong Kong Island through the Opium Wars, and in 1860 the British occupied the area south of Boundary Street on the Kowloon Peninsula. In 1898, the British forcibly "leased" a large portion of the northern part of the Kowloon Peninsula north of Boundary Street and south of the Shenzhen River, as well as the nearby islands.
World War II. The Japanese invaders occupied Hong Kong. Japanese invaders occupied Hong Kong. 1945. World War II ended. Britain reoccupied Hong Kong. The British Royal Family sent a "Governor" to govern the area.
After the founding of New China. The Chinese government solemnly proclaimed the abolition of all unequal treaties imposed by the imperialists on the Chinese people. The Chinese government has also insisted that Hong Kong must be returned to the motherland. After a number of negotiations between China and the United Kingdom. on December 19, 1984, the two governments signed the "Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong". After that. China promulgated the "Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China **** and State"
July 1, 1997. Hong Kong officially returned to the motherland in January. The Chinese government in accordance with the "one country. Two systems" policy. In Hong Kong set up a special administrative region. In addition to national foreign and defense affairs. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region enjoys a high degree of autonomy .
Macao used to be a small fishing village, her original name is Haojing or Haojingao, because at that time the berth can be called "Macao". Macau and its vicinity were rich in oysters (i.e., oysters), and the inside of their shells were as bright as mirrors, so Macau was called Oyster Mirror. Later generations changed the name to the more elegant "Haojingjing" (濠镜). In "The Chronicle of Macao", published in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it is said: "The name of Haojing was written in the History of the Ming Dynasty. East and west five or six miles, north and south half of the, there are north and south of the two bays, you can moor the boat. Or that the two bays of the north and south, the gauge is as round as a mirror, so it is called Haojing." From this name, but also derived from the Haojiang, sea mirror, mirror sea and a series of Macau's aliases.
The name of Macau originated from a Chinese goddess, Tin Hau, who was also known as Nyonya, and was highly revered by fishermen. It is said that a fishing boat was sailing on a sunny day with calm winds and waves when it was caught in a violent thunderstorm, putting the fishermen in danger. At the critical moment, a maiden stepped forward and ordered the storm to stop. The wind stopped, the sea returned to calm, and the fishing boat arrived safely at Haijing Harbor. After disembarking, the maiden walked towards Mount Ma Kak, when suddenly a halo shone and the maiden turned into a wisp of smoke. Later, people built a temple dedicated to this maiden at the place where she disembarked.
In the middle of the sixteenth century, the first Portuguese arrived in Macao, asked the residents about the name of the local area, the residents mistakenly thought that it referred to the temple, replied that "A-Ma". The Portuguese translated the name into "MACAU", which became the origin of Macau's Portuguese name.
For more than 400 years, Eastern and Western cultures have been intermingling here, leaving behind many historical and cultural heritages that make Macau a unique city.
Since its reunification in 1999, Macau has become a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, practicing a high degree of autonomy in accordance with the Basic Law of Macau. Under the policy of "One Country, Two Systems", Macau enjoys a high degree of autonomy and enjoys executive, legislative, independent judicial and final adjudication powers, while its social and economic characteristics are preserved and continued.
Macao is a small city, one of the most densely populated in the world, and has one of the higher per capita incomes in Asia.
Macao is a cosmopolitan city and has been a place where Chinese and Western cultures have blended and ****existed for centuries.
Taiwan is an inseparable part of our great motherland. Taiwan has a deep and ancient connection with mainland China. In ancient times, Taiwan and the mainland were originally connected. Later, due to crustal movement, part of the connected land sank into a strait, and Taiwan became a sea island.
The seabed of the Taiwan Strait is like a river valley, there are to the south and to the north of the two major river systems, which is when it is still land, by the impact of the river, erosion and the formation of the deepest depth of 100 meters, most places in the depth of only 50 meters, and 15,000 years ago, the East China Sea sea level than the present is about 130 meters lower, which geologically suggests that the two sides of the original plate, Taiwan, Penghu, islands on the on the continental shelf off the southeast coast of the motherland, connected to Fujian Province.
Modern science has also proved that Taiwan is not only a part of the continental shelf of the East China Sea, and the basic topography of Taiwan, the same as the mainland landmass, in terms of geological composition, is the same acidic igneous rock body with Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. That is why Taiwan was later given the elegant name of "Floating Fujian", meaning that it is the part of Fujian Province that floats on the sea.
From the archaeological discoveries on Taiwan Island, it is clear that the culture of the motherland was spread to Taiwan in the Paleolithic Age. A large number of artifacts such as stone tools, black pottery, colored pottery and Yin Dynasty two-winged copper arrowheads unearthed in successive excavations all over Taiwan have proved that Taiwan's prehistoric culture belongs to the same lineage as that of the motherland. Since the beginning of historical records, Taiwan's pioneering, development and complete unification of its boundaries have always been inseparable from the hard work and heroic defense of the sons and daughters of China. The history of Taiwan is an integral part of Chinese history.
The early development of Taiwan has been characterized by the blood and sweat of our ancestors and the spirit of our nation. In China's historical records, Taiwan was called "Island Yi" during the Warring States period, "Dongkun" and "Yizhou" during the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, and "Liuqiu" after the Sui and Tang Dynasties. "Liuqiu", the Ming Wanli years formally used the name "Taiwan" in official documents.
According to ancient documents, the earliest history of mainland Chinese soldiers and civilians traveling eastward to Taiwan to cultivate and operate the island can be traced back to the era of the Three Kingdoms more than 1,700 years ago. In 230 A.D. (the second year of Huanglong of Wu of the Three Kingdoms), Sun Quan, the lord of Wu, had sent generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to cross the sea with 10,000 sailors to reach Taiwan. This was the beginning of the development of Taiwan by residents of mainland China utilizing advanced cultural knowledge. The production and living patterns in Taiwan at that time were recorded in detail in the Linhai Shui Tu Zhi (Records of Water and Land in Linhai) written by Shen Ying, a native of Wu. By the Sui Dynasty in the late 6th and early 7th centuries, contacts between the mainland and Taiwan increased. It was reported that Emperor Yang had sent people to Taiwan three times to "visit different customs" and "comfort" the local residents. At that time, there was already trade between the mainland and Taiwan. Since then, during the 600 years from Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty, the coastal people of mainland China, especially the residents of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in Fujian Province, in order to escape from the war and military disasters, have flowed into Penghu or moved to Taiwan to engage in reclamation and development. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Penghu was under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang County of Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and was garrisoned by soldiers and civilians. The economic, political and cultural ties between the mainland and Taiwan became more frequent.
The Yuan Dynasty further strengthened the management of Taiwan. In 1292 AD (to Yuan 29 years), Yuan Shizuizu Kublai sent the sea ship deputy ten thousand Yang Xiang, the Ministry of Rites, Wu Zhidou and the Ministry of Zhen, Ruan monitor to Taiwan "to declare". In 1335 A.D. (after the first year of the Yuan Dynasty), the Yuan Dynasty formally set up the "Inspection Department" in Penghu, which governed the civil affairs of Penghu and Taiwan, and was subordinate to Tong'an County of Quanzhou, Fujian Province (present-day Xiamen). China set up a special regime in Taiwan, also since the beginning.
After the Ming Dynasty, the people of mainland China and Taiwan had endless exchanges. In 1402-1424 AD (during the Yongle period of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty), the navigator Zheng He led a huge fleet of ships to visit countries in the South Seas and stopped in Taiwan, bringing handicrafts and agricultural products to the local people. It is still said that the specialty of Kaohsiung Fengshan, "Sanbao Ginger", is the legacy of Zheng He. After the 15th century, Japanese invaders constantly harassed the southeast coast of China, the Ming government set up additional "guerrillas" in Penghu, "spring and autumn flood guards"; at the same time, Keelung was established in Taiwan, and the "Sambaogang" was set up in Taiwan.
The Ming Dynasty government set up more "guerrillas" in Penghu and "flood guards in spring and autumn"; at the same time, it stationed troops in Keelung and Danshui ports.
Toward the end of the Ming Dynasty in the 1720s, mainland residents began to migrate to Taiwan on a large scale, giving a great impetus to Taiwan's socio-economic and cultural development. At that time, the Fujianese Yan Siqi and Zheng Zhilong, in order to resist official oppression, led the residents of Fujian and Guangdong to migrate to Taiwan, engaging in farming and trade on the one hand, and organizing an armed force to fight against Japanese and Dutch invasion on the other. In 1628 AD (the first year of Ming Chongzhen), when Fujian was in severe drought, the people had nothing to live on, Zheng Zhilong (later official to the Governor Tongzhi) organized tens of thousands of disaster victims to Taiwan, "to make the reclamation of land for food", and many villages were gradually formed around the country. Taiwan has since entered a period of large-scale development.
After the middle of the 16th century, the beautiful and fertile Taiwan became the object of Western colonialists' desire. Spain, Portugal and other powers successively invaded Taiwan, either to plunder resources, or to carry out religious and cultural aggression, or to directly send troops to occupy it.At the beginning of the 17th century, Holland broke the colonial hegemony of the Spaniards and the Portuguese, and came to the East to actively participate in the plundering of the colony. It invaded Penghu twice, in 1602 (the 30th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty) and 1622 (the 2nd year of the Ming Dynasty). 1624 (the 4th year of the Ming Dynasty). The Ming government sent troops to expel the Dutch colonizers from Penghu, captured the main general of the Dutch army, and the rest of the army fled to the south of Taiwan, encroaching on Dawei (present-day Anping District of Tainan City). Two years later, the Spaniards again invaded Taiwan from Luzon, occupying the areas of Keelung and Danshui. in 1642, the Dutch captured the Spanish strongholds in northern Taiwan, and Taiwan has since vicissitudes as a Dutch colony.
The Dutch colonists had been in Taiwan for 38 years, and had built the city and the castle of Plouwenjia as the center of their colonial rule. However, its occupation area was actually only a limited area along the southern coast and the ports of Keelung and Danshui in the north, and its rule had been extremely unstable. The brutal exploitation of the Taiwanese compatriots by the Dutch colonizers constantly provoked the anti-Dutch struggle of the Taiwanese people. 1652 saw the largest-scale uprising of Taiwanese soldiers and civilians led by Guo Huaiyi, an old subordinate of Zheng Zhilong. In 1652, Guo Huaiyi, an old subordinate of Zheng Zhilong, led the Taiwanese army and people to start a revolt, which was the largest of its kind. This uprising strengthened the determination of Taiwan compatriots to recover their homeland. Nine years later, they finally cooperated with national hero Zheng Chenggong to expel the Dutch and recover Taiwan.
Cheng Chenggong was the son of Zheng Zhilong. Born in 1624, Zheng Chenggong used Xiamen as a base to raise an army against the Qing Dynasty in his early years, and was named King of Yanping County by King Gui of the Ming Dynasty. After being thwarted in his attack on Nanjing, he returned to Xiamen, overhauled his ships, and planned for the expulsion of the Dutch, who had invaded Taiwan, and the restoration of the country.On the twenty-first day of the fourth lunar month of 1661 (the eighteenth year of the Shunzhi reign of the Qing dynasty), Zheng Chenggong left some of his troops behind to guard Xiamen and the Golden Gate, and led 25,000 generals and hundreds of warships from the Bay of Guiluo of the Golden Gate through Penghu, marching towards Taiwan. On the 29th day of the 4th lunar month, Zheng's army landed at Wo Liu Harbor within Tainan's Lu'er Men, and with the active support of Taiwan's compatriots, he fought many fierce battles with the Dutch army, and finally besieged the Dutch colonial governor and the remnants of his enemies in the city of Jelanjiao. Zheng Chenggong in to the Dutch colonial governor kuiyi's "Oracle surrender book" solemnly pointed out that: "Taiwan, early for the Chinese to operate, China's land, ...... now Yu both come to claim, then the land should be returned to me! ". After 9 months of siege, the Dutch colonial governor had to sign the surrender on the first day of the second lunar month in 1662 (the first year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty). Since then, the Chinese people have recovered the treasure island of Taiwan, which was occupied by the Dutch colonizers.
After Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan, he abolished the Dutch colonial system. Changed the Chi Nai Lou for Cheng Tian Fu, set up 2 counties, set up the Pacification Division in Penghu, garrisoned with heavy troops, always called Taiwan as the East Capital. In order to commemorate the homeland, it was renamed Jelanchau Castle as Anping Town. At the same time the implementation of cantonment policy, so that tens of thousands of military dependents to go with the army to reclaim the land, in the south and west of Taiwan, Luang, Changhua, Yunlin, Hsinchu and other places to form a large number of villages and towns.
But Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan soon, that is, unfortunately in 1662 on the eighth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, contracted a disease and died at the age of 39. Later, his son Zheng Jing, grandson Zheng Keshuang before and after the governance of Taiwan for 22 years. The three generations of Zheng's ancestors and grandchildren governed Taiwan, rewarding sugar and salt production, organizing industry and commerce, developing trade, opening schools, and improving the agricultural production methods of the Gaoshan people. These measures promoted the rapid development of Taiwan's economy and culture. This was an important period of development and growth in Taiwan's history, known as the "Ming and Zheng Era".
In 1683 (the twenty-second year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty), the Qing government sent an army to attack Taiwan, and Zheng Keshuang led a group of people to submit. Since then Taiwan was under the direct rule of the Qing government.
After the unification of Taiwan in 1683, the Qing government set up one prefecture and three counties in Taiwan in the following year, under the Fujian Province. Taiwan was reintegrated under the unified jurisdiction of the Chinese central government, and became more closely connected to the mainland in political, economic, and cultural aspects, becoming an inseparable part of the unified whole of the country.
From 1760 (the 25th year of the Qianlong reign in the Qing Dynasty) onwards, there was a climax of large-scale migration of mainland residents to Taiwan once again, and by 1811 (the 16th year of the Jiaqing reign in the Qing Dynasty), excluding compatriots of the Gaoshan ethnic group in mountainous areas, the number of Taiwan residents had already exceeded two million people, an increase of nearly ten times compared with that during the rule of the Zheng father and son. With the development of production and population growth, the Qing government successively established additional administrative institutions in Taiwan, and in 1885 (Qing Guangxu 11), Taiwan was established as a province, sending Liu Mingchuan as the first governor. Liu Mingchuan recruited Fujian, Guangdong and other residents to move to Taiwan, large-scale development, has set up Fukien General Administration, General Administration of Telegraph, General Administration of Railways, Ordnance Bureau, Bureau of Trade and Commerce, Mining and Oil Bureau, Logging Bureau and other institutions; construction of forts, rectify the defense; erected wires, the founding of the postal and telecommunications; laying railroads, open mines, build merchant ships, the development of industry and commerce; the construction of the Chinese and Western schools, the development of culture and education, etc. Some of these construction projects, at that time, the whole country. Some of these construction projects, at that time the country was still a first. For example, the Taiwan Railway is not only one of the earliest railroads in the country, but also China's own capital construction
The Qing government ruled Taiwan for more than 200 years, Taiwan's feudal economy has been the rapid development. Many wealthy landlords and merchants emerged in different parts of the province. But at the same time, the people of Taiwan against the tyranny of the Qing dynasty and the exploitation of feudal landlords of the struggle is also rising, and with the mainland people's anti-Qing Dynasty struggle echoed. Facts show that almost all larger insurrectionary organizations were imported from the mainland. For example, in 1786, the largest peasant uprising in the history of Taiwan, is the mainland people's anti-Qing secret society "Tiandihui" imported into Taiwan, Taiwan "Tiandihui" leader Lin Shuangwen, Zhuang Daitian leadership. The army of the uprising amounted to more than 100,000 people. The Qing government mobilized troops from Zhejiang, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces to suppress the uprising, which lasted one year and two months before it was pacified. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom before and after the capital of Nanjing, Taiwan Tiandihui, the Dagger Society, and echoed, many uprisings.
Taiwanese compatriots have a high degree of national patriotism. While resisting the reactionary rule at home, they fought bravely against the foreign invaders and united with the people of the country. From the Opium War in 1840 onwards, Taiwan and the provinces bordering the mainland became the forefront of China's anti-imperialist struggle, directly bearing the sorrows of the Chinese nation. During the Opium War, Taiwan compatriots mobilized and organized anti-British militia groups twice the size of the local garrisons, and donated money and silver to **** the national tragedy. Together with the officers and soldiers, they repelled the invading British troops, crushed the enemy's plot to invade Taiwan, and won the victory in the anti-British struggle. At that time, the Taiwan military reserve Yao Ying in his "caught into the capital don't Liu Zhongcheng book" wrote: "Taiwan home armor of the soil, unremittingly on the parapet, good and righteous people, salty to kill the enemy ...... pawns to conserve the rocky frontier, and be safe, did not bother the mainland a Zhen a vector, all rely on the civil and military soldiers and people's strength also! ". After the Opium War, Taiwan compatriots also repelled a number of invasions by the United States, France and Japan.
As early as the 16th and 17th centuries, Japan had several times sent troops to spy on Taiwan. the second half of the 19th century, Japan after the "Meiji Restoration" embarked on the road of capitalist development, trying to be among the Great Powers, and intensified aggression against China. in 1894, it launched the Sino-Japanese War (Sino-Japanese War), and in March of the following year, it captured Penghu. The corrupt Qing government signed the humiliating Treaty of Shimonoseki with Japan on April 17, 1895, ceding Taiwan and the Penghu Islands to Japan. Taiwan thus became a Japanese colony and began a 50-year period of Japanese occupation.
After Japan occupied Taiwan, it set up a governor's office in Taipei as the highest organization to rule Taiwan. It also set up township offices in various places, implemented the police and bail system, and carried out colonial rule and "imperialization" education on Taiwan. At the same time, based on the need to develop its own economy, it initially used Taiwan as a base for the development of agriculture and processing of agricultural products, which led to the gradual development of Taiwan's processing industry and transportation. During the Second World War, Japan, in line with its militaristic policy of advancing southward, further developed various types of military-related industries in Taiwan, expanding the proportion of industry in the island's gross domestic product (GDP), and gradually transforming Taiwan from a traditional society based on the agricultural economy to a semi-capitalist, semi-feudal society based on industry and commerce. According to statistics, on the eve of the end of the war, the share of Taiwan's industrial output in the gross national product had risen from about 7 percent in the early 20th century to about 18 percent. At the same time, Taiwan's labor class also gradually sprouted and developed during this transformation. in 1920, there were about 40,000 laborers in Taiwan; by 1937, when Japan launched a full-scale war of aggression against China, the number had increased to more than 80,000; and by 1943, Taiwan's labor force had already reached more than 200,000 people.
From the fall of Taiwan in 1895 to the restoration of the whole half-century in 1945, the compatriots in Taiwan, who could not bear the life of slaves, in order to safeguard the dignity of the Chinese nation, to protect the border and the country, and to recover the lost territory, with the Japanese invaders carried out a long, indomitable and heroic struggle, so that in the history of the Chinese people's resistance to the war, wrote a glorious and magnificent chapter.
Struggle against the cession of Taiwan and peace After the news of the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which ceded Taiwan in 1895, the country was in an uproar, and everyone was "heartbroken" and indignant. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao gathered more than 1,000 scholars from 18 provinces to write a petition on a bus, opposing the cession of Taiwan for peace and advocating a change in the law to make it stronger. In Beijing to participate in the examination in Taiwan, the jinshi, jurors, a joint petition to the Qing government, the Academy, painfully: "thousands of millions of living beings are northward mourn, the village women and children do not want to eat Japanese meat, each harboring a not * * * heavenly hatred, who would be willing to surrender to the enemy!" "To the whole of Taiwan's land to make the war and fall, the whole of Taiwan's people to make the war and die ...... although the liver and gall and no regrets." Qing court officials at all levels have also written, stating that Taiwan for China's southeast seven provinces fences, "today no Taiwan, tomorrow can be no Nanyang; although China is large, although one day, can be dissected and stand up all". Tan Sitong angrily rebuked the Qing court "once to save themselves", the territory and gift to the people, "its regard for the Chinese family, had to make a set of not as". Taiwan gentry telegram to the Qing court: "cut off the peace, the whole Taiwan shock. ...... I am the land of the people, righteousness and survival; willing to defend with the Fudanwei sworn to death. If the war is not won, please wait for me to die, and then talk about cession ......."
The day after the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the province's compatriots cried out, the grief and indignation of the Taipei people can not be suppressed gongs and strikes, the people crowded around the Fudanwei Department, opposed to the cession of Taiwan, and demanded that the rates are not allowed to be transported out of the Ordnance Manufacturing Bureau is not allowed to stop work, the tax revenue is all set aside for the fight against the Japanese invaders. Qiu Fengjia and a number of Taiwan gentry also tried to "independent" way to resist the Japanese occupation, the establishment of "Taiwan democracy", and to ask the government Taiwan governor Tang Jingsong as president. The Declaration of Autonomy, said: "Push forward the wise, the right to take over the Taiwan government; after the matter is calm, when again asked to hit the dynasty, what to do." But as Tang Jingsong fled back to the mainland, 12 days later, the "democratic country" was dissolved.
Armed resistance to the Japanese occupation After the Japanese invaded Taiwan, the Qing government ordered its governor Tang Jingsong and other officials to leave Taiwan. Taiwan compatriots have taken up arms and organized their own anti-Japanese militia to defend the motherland. They continued the armed struggle for seven years.
In the beginning, Taiwan compatriots in various places with once refused to obey the imperial edict of the Black Flag Army leader Liu Yongfu and other Qing army officers and soldiers in Hsinchu, Dajia Creek, Changhua, Chiayi and Tainan area and the Japanese invaders fight to the death. With claymores and spears in their hands, they went forward and backward to pounce on the invaders with the drive of flesh and blood. Especially Changhua and Chiayi defense battle is the most intense, tragic, anti-Japanese people's army leader Xu Chang and others, the Black Flag Army generals and Liu Yongfu's new army of the Seven Stars team of the majority of the martyrdom. A Japanese recorded at the time: "Whenever our army (Japanese army) was defeated, the villagers in the neighborhood immediately became our enemies. Everyone, even the young women, took up arms, shouting and fighting at the same time. Our opponents were very tenacious and not at all afraid of death. They hid in the village houses, and when one house was destroyed by artillery fire, they calmly moved to another and waited for the first opportunity to attack."
The final phase of Tainan's resistance was extremely grueling. The Qing government repeatedly and strictly prohibited all parts of the mainland to support Taiwan, the Black Flag Army and the people's ordnance food and pay are all cut off, the team can not get up from starvation. In this case, Liu Yongfu adhere to the anti-Japanese 5 months later, had to be forced to board the wheel back to the mainland. Tainan fell on October 20, 1895, then. To the end of the loss of Tainan, Taiwan's military and civilian total **** killed and wounded more than 32,000 people, accounting for more than half of the Japanese invasion of the initial strength.
After the fall of Tainan, people all over Taiwan continued to insist on armed resistance against the Japanese. They successively established anti-Japanese strongholds in Taipei's Shenkeng and Yunlin's Tieguo Mountain, and in the mountainous areas between Chiayi and Tainan, near Panzai Mountain and Fengshan, and in Pingtung's Chaozhou. The anti-Japanese militia groups numbered from a few hundred to thousands. They attacked the Japanese barracks, attacked the Japanese official offices, and fought against the enemy's crazy sweeps again and again, and many heroic figures emerged. One of the leaders of the anti-Japanese forces of the peasants in Taipei was Jian Dashi, who on New Year's Day in 1896 led a direct attack on Taipei together with other popular forces and stormed the city. Afterward, Jane moved to Xiamen. The Japanese killed his wife to vent their anger and demanded him from the Qing government. Jane before the uprising of the generous speech: "I Jane Dashi, is the people of Taiwan of the Qing Dynasty. Although the Japanese see me as a bandit, the Qing people should see me as a righteous citizen. Since the return of Taiwan, the size of the officials within the ferry a empty, no one dares to go out of the first to create a righteous act, only I am a small people, but also to win more than ten thousand people, the bloody battle for a hundred times. Since I said no negative in the Qing. ...... would like to be born for the people of the Qing Dynasty, die for the ghost of the Qing Dynasty."
Armed uprisings before and after the Xinhai Revolution Under the brutal suppression of the Japanese invaders, the armed struggle of the Taiwanese people against the Japanese experienced a brief period of low ebb. 1906 onwards, under the influence of the bourgeois revolutionary movement that emerged in the motherland, the compatriots in Taiwan again and again held patriotic armed uprisings against the Japanese colonial rule. Famous ones include: the Beipu Uprising in Hsinchu in 1907; the Linpipu Uprising in Nantou in 1912; the Miaoli Uprising in 1913; and the Xilaiyan Uprising in Tainan in 915. Among them, the Miaoli Uprising was one of the larger patriotic anti-Japanese struggles under the direct influence of the Xinhai Revolution. The leader, Luo Fuxing, was one of those sent to Taiwan by Mr. Sun Yat-sen's League. Using his hometown of Miaoli as a base, Luo established the Taiwan branch of the Chinese Revolutionary Party and developed organizations in Taipei, Keelung, Taoyuan and Tainan to propagate the revolution and plan the uprising. After the failure, nearly 1,000 people were arrested and more than 20 were brutally killed. Luo Fuxing's poem of death before the uprising said: "Overseas smoke atmosphere suddenly an island, our people today endowed with the same hatred, sacrifice of flesh and blood is an ordinary thing, do not be afraid of life and love of freedom. ...... leave their homes to go to Yingzhou, sweeping the East Court between the fingers, the world should be cleansed of the stink, the men do not miss the big knife still. Projectiles like rain guns like thunder, trumpets sound war drums, good head who take, why need to horse grams wrapped body back." Xilai'an Uprising was organized by patriotic volunteers Bach Ching-fang, Jiang Ding, Luo Jun and others. They take Tainan Xilai-an and other places as a stronghold, training cadres, planning for the uprising, calling on compatriots in the province "to fight bravely, loyalty to the country, the restoration of Taiwan". Participants in Taipei, Taichung, Nantou, Chiayi, Pingtung and other places. Because of the opportunity for the Japanese police was informed, Yu, Jiang and other rates of more than 1,000 people temporary action, bloody battle for seven days and nights. After the failure of the uprising eight Qingfang and other more than 900 people were put to death, by the Japanese invaders indiscriminately killed tens of thousands of people, caused the world shock.
The national liberation movement after May 4 After the First World War, under the influence of the October Revolution in Russia and the great trend of the national democratic revolution in the motherland, the compatriots in Taiwan further set off the climax of the national liberation movement in an organized way, and closely linked with the revolutionary struggle in the motherland, becoming an important part of the national liberation movement in China. In January 1920, under the direct influence of the May Fourth Movement, young Taiwanese students in Japan first founded the "New People's Association" in Tokyo and published the magazine "Taiwan Youth" modeled on the "New Youth" in Beijing to promote the enlightenment and propaganda of nationalist ideology. The magazine "Taiwan Youth" was modeled after the "New Youth" in Beijing to publicize the enlightenment of nationalist ideology. Subsequently, Taiwanese students who stayed in Japan and lived in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Xiamen, Nanjing and other places successively set up organizations such as the "Taiwan Youth Association", "Taiwan Students' Association" and "China-Taiwan Comrades' Association", etc. In 1921, the "Taiwan Youth Association" was founded in Tokyo and was modeled on the "New Youth" in Beijing. In October 1921, Chiang Wei-shui, together with Lin Hsien-tang and others, set up the bourgeois nationalist enlightenment group "Taiwan Cultural Association" in Taipei, aiming to "arouse the consciousness of the Han Chinese nation and oppose the oppression of the Japanese nation". "They put forward slogans such as "opposing ethnic differences", "opposing slavery education", and "obtaining suffrage". Under the influence of Guo Moruo and others, Taiwanese students at Sun Yat-sen University and other schools in Guangdong established the "Guangdong-Taiwan Revolutionary Youth League". In the "Letter to Compatriots in China" published by the group, they called for "Don't forget Taiwan" and "Taiwan is China's Taiwan, the nation is China's nation, and the land is China's land". At the same time, farmers' associations and various trade union organizations sprang up all over Taiwan, and in April 1928, Taiwanese members of the Chinese ****productivity party on the mainland and ****productivists studying in Japan, with the help of the Chinese ****productivity party, set up a party organization in Taiwan in Shanghai, namely, the Taiwan national branch of the Japanese ****productivity party. The Popular Party, the political representative of the emerging national bourgeoisie in Taiwan, also entered the political arena. The political forces of the various factions were rapidly combined. For the first time in Taiwan's history, the peasant and workers' movements flourished. By the end of the same year, there were more than 30,000 members under the leadership of the "Taiwan Peasants' Federation". Various labor movements were taking place, and the class consciousness of the workers was rapidly rising. They combined their own economic interests with the interests of the national class, and put forward such distinctive slogans as "Support China's labor-peasant revolution," "Oppose the imperialist war," and "Down with Japanese imperialism! "Down with Japanese imperialism" and other distinctive battle slogans.
Under the encouragement of the soaring national liberation movement in Taiwan, the compatriots of the Gaoshan ethnic group who lived in the upper reaches of Taichung's Turbid Water Creek, Wushe, were unable to withstand the enslavement and oppression of the Japanese invaders, and held an armed insurrection on October 27, 1930, which was a shock to the world and to the people. This was the Wushe Uprising that shook China and abroad. After destroying a dozen Japanese police stations, they retreated into the mountains and fought for more than 20 days against more than 6,000 Japanese soldiers and police. Many alpine women jumped off the cliffs collectively to motivate their husbands to kill the enemy without worries. In the end, they ran out of ammunition and food, and the leaders of the uprising killed themselves.
The upsurge of the national democratic movement violently impacted the Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan. in the summer of 1931, the Japanese colonial rulers began a comprehensive crackdown on Taiwan compatriots, practicing white terror. Countless Taiwanese compatriots and patriotic progressives were imprisoned and persecuted. However, the people of Taiwan were not overcome by the fascist atrocities, and they continued to struggle in various forms until they achieved the final victory in the war against Japan.
Based on the facts of history, international agreements during World War II reaffirmed Taiwan as an inseparable part of China's territory. the Cairo Declaration, signed by China, the U.S. and Britain*** on Dec. 1, 1943, stipulated that "the territories stolen by Japan from China, such as Manchuria, Taiwan, the Pescadores, and so on, are to be returned to China". "On July 26, 1945, the Potsdam Proclamation, signed by China, the United States, Britain and later the Soviet Union, reaffirmed that "the conditions of the Cairo Declaration will be implemented".
On August 15, 1945, Japan announced that it had accepted the terms of the Potsdam Declaration and surrendered unconditionally. The Chinese people after eight years of hard war, paid great sacrifices, and finally with the people of the world, defeated the Japanese invaders, so that Taiwan back to the embrace of the motherland, the end of Taiwan compatriots subjected to the humiliation of the history of the enslavement of Japanese imperialism. On October 25 of the same year, the Chinese government held a ceremony in Taipei to accept the surrender of Japanese troops in Taiwan Province. After the meeting, the Taiwan Provincial Administrator on behalf of the Chinese government formally announced: from now on, Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands belonging to all the land, people, political affairs are placed under Chinese sovereignty. Taiwan's compatriots in the province were overjoyed, and every house was decorated with lanterns and colors, offering prayers to ancestors and drinking all night long. Tens of thousands of people from all walks of life in Taipei City held a parade around the city, hailed back to the embrace of the motherland, to celebrate the great victory of the Chinese people's war of resistance against Japan.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the people of the whole country longed for peace, the realization of democracy, and the construction of an independent, autonomous and strong new China; but the KMT government, which was dependent on the United States, launched a nationwide anti-**** civil war. On the one hand, it attacked the vast liberated areas under the leadership of the Chinese ****anization Party, and on the other hand, it raided and persecuted the people in the areas ruled by the Kuomintang in a frenzy, attempting to drag China back into the darkness of the world. This could not but enrage the people of the whole country, forcing them to rise up and fight resolutely against it. on February 28, 1947, at the climax of the national democratic revolution, the people of the whole province of Taiwan staged an armed insurrection against the KMT regime. The "February 28th Uprising" was y sympathized by people from all walks of life. The Central Committee of the People's Republic of China warmly supported the uprising, stating that "the armed self-defense of the people of Taiwan is forced, necessary, just, and correct"; and declaring that "the army and people of the liberated areas will certainly stand in solidarity with you with their own struggles and help you." Although the "February 28th Uprising" failed under the bloody suppression of the Kuomintang government, it once again demonstrated the indomitable spirit of Taiwan compatriots.
On October 1, 1949, the people of China, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, overthrew the Kuomintang government, and a new China was born. Chinese history has since entered a new era. On the eve of the liberation of the motherland, Chiang Kai-shek, as well as some of the military and political personnel of the Kuomintang ran to Taiwan, where they relied on the shelter and support of the United States to maintain the situation of parochialism, so that Taiwan and the motherland is once again in a state of division.