Early stage of colorectal cancer is asymptomatic, or the symptoms are not obvious, only discomfort, indigestion, fecal occult blood, etc. With the development of colorectal cancer, the symptoms gradually appear. With the development of cancer, symptoms gradually appear, such as change of bowel habit, abdominal pain, blood in stool, abdominal mass, intestinal obstruction, etc., accompanied or not accompanied by systemic symptoms such as anemia, fever and emaciation. Metastasis and infiltration of the tumor may cause changes in the affected organs. Colorectal cancer shows different clinical symptoms and signs due to different sites of occurrence.

Colorectal cancer is usually detected through these methods.

I. Endoscopy

Colonoscopy is to extend the fiber colonoscope into the ileocecal part of the starting part of the colon to check the intestinal lumen of the colon and rectum, and to perform biopsy and treatment in the process of examination. Colonoscopy is more accurate than barium enema x-rays, especially for small polyps of the colon, which are removed by colonoscopy and pathologically confirmed. Removal of benign polyps can prevent them from turning into colorectal cancer, and cancerous polyps can help clarify the diagnosis and treatment.

Second, laboratory tests

Blood tests, biochemistry (liver and kidney function + serum iron), stool routine + fecal occult blood and other laboratory tests can help to understand whether the patient has iron deficiency anemia, liver and kidney function and other basic conditions. Blood tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test is performed to help diagnose the tumor. In colorectal cancer patients, high level of CEA does not indicate the presence of distant metastasis; there are a few patients with metastatic tumors, CEA is not increased.

Three biopsy and exfoliative cytology

Biopsy has decisive significance in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, especially early stage cancer and polyp cancer, and differential diagnosis of lesions, which can clarify the nature of the tumor, histological type and degree of malignancy, determine the prognosis, and guide clinical treatment. Although the accuracy of exfoliative cytology is high, it is not easy to obtain satisfactory specimens because it is cumbersome, so it is rarely used in clinical practice.

These are the screening tests for colorectal cancer, now you should understand what the doctor's basis is, so there is no need for you not to understand, and after you are diagnosed with the disease, you have to receive treatment immediately. Don't be discouraged, the earlier the treatment, the greater the hope. Finally, I wish you a speedy recovery.