Artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis mainly depends on the preparation of strains and insect species. The biggest difficulty is the source of insects. At present, insects mainly rely on field collection, and there are still some difficulties in raising this kind of insects artificially, which restricts the progress of artificial cultivation.
1, strain:
The cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis should first have excellent pure strains. At present, there are many varieties in China. First, we must choose strains with high purity, no miscellaneous bacteria and no aging; Second, we should choose varieties with strong infectivity and vitality, which can quickly infect insects and get sick and die; Third, we should choose varieties with wide adaptability, especially those with certain resistance to environmental humidity changes and other miscellaneous bacterial infections.
2. Insects: Insects mainly use moth larvae as hosts of Cordyceps sinensis, and can also use silkworms and tussahs as hosts. Larvae must be alive, large and obese, and the number depends on their own breeding. Generally, they need 65,438+0,000 grams of larvae per square meter, one mother species and 50 liters of fine sand.
3. Environment: Artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis can not consider altitude, but depends on temperature. Cordyceps sinensis is a medium-low temperature fungus. The suitable temperature for mycelium growth and propagation is 5~32℃, the most suitable is 12~ 18℃, and the suitable temperature for sclerotia and matrix formation is 10~25℃. As long as it can reach this temperature range, it can be cultivated.
4. Cultivation season: It can be planted twice a year by using natural temperature, from March to May in spring and from 9- 165438+ 10 in autumn. If the indoor temperature is controlled, it can be cultivated all year round. Making full use of natural temperature and grasping the cultivation season can shorten the growth period and reduce the production cost.
Second, there are many cultivation methods of Cordyceps sinensis. One is to cultivate Cordyceps sinensis with insects, and the other is to directly cultivate grass with rice, PDA medium or other solid medium. This kind of grass has the same function as Cordyceps sinensis. During cultivation, indoor bottle cultivation, box cultivation, bed cultivation and open field cultivation can be carried out. , and choose any method according to your own conditions. Either way, bacteria and insects should be cultured before culture, so that insects can be infected with this "virus" bacterial solution before entering the soil, and they will be seriously ill when entering the soil, which is not suitable for crawling everywhere, and is conducive to early death, rapid emergence and orderly growth. The cultivation method of bacteria and insects is to spray the prepared liquid strain on the larvae with a sprayer, or spray the bacterial liquid on the mulberry leaves and infect the bacteria after eating. The spraying amount should be twice a day for each wetting. Three days later, this bacterial liquid infects worms, infects germs, makes the larvae move slowly, is in a coma, and then can be cultured.
1. Bottle cultivation: Bottle cultivation is suitable for home cultivation. After ordinary canned bottles are washed, 2.5-3 cm of fine sand should be put in the bottles first, and the soil water content will reach 60%. Then put the larvae infected with the bacterial liquid on it, and it is advisable to put two in each bottle. It is required that the two larvae do not get close to each other, with their ventral faces downward and fine sand spreading, and the surface is covered with 3cm fine sand to make the surface slightly flat.
2. Box cultivation: Box cultivation is also suitable for family cultivation, and can be cultivated in large and small wooden boxes, wooden pots and plastic pots. There should be plastic film at the bottom and around the wooden case to prevent water loss. First, spread fine sand with a thickness of 5-7cm, then evenly put bacteria and insects with a spacing of 2-3cm, and then cover them with sand for 3-5cm. The surface of the wooden box is arched with plastic film to keep moisture. In order to save space, wooden cases can be stacked.
3. Bed frame cultivation: Bed frame cultivation is a development mode of mass production, which is generally suitable for indoor use and can make full use of indoor and outdoor shelf cultivation to save space. The width of the bedstead is 1 m, and it is made of bamboo and wood according to the design of its own room. The four sides of each floor are 12cm high, which is used for retaining soil. When cultivating, first spread a layer of plastic film, and then pour 5-7cm of fine sand.
4. Open planting: Open planting refers to outdoor planting. The key to outdoor cultivation is to choose a good site. First of all, we should avoid direct sunlight and rain erosion, and achieve an environment that can shade, drain, prevent drought, keep warm and prevent people and animals from trampling. The cultivation method can be flat cultivation or border cultivation; Flat land cultivation is to shovel out the topsoil of general flat land, sloping land and wasteland, with a width of 1cm and unlimited length, then fill in sand with a thickness of 5cm, put in bacteria and insects according to the above method, and then cover the fine sand with plastic film for 5-7cm. There should be a drainage ditch around it, and there should be trees or shade sheds on it. Ridge farming: Ridge farming can avoid light and high temperature, prevent drought and keep moisture, and is suitable for rural cultivation. Ridge farming 100cm wide and 50cm deep, with unlimited length, can also drain water around. When cultivating, spread fine sand with a thickness of 5cm on the border, then put in the bacteria and insects according to the above method, and then cover with fine sand.
Third, management technology The management technology of Cordyceps sinensis after cultivation is very simple, mainly in terms of temperature, humidity, light and air.
1, temperature: Cordyceps sinensis requires high temperature, generally low first and then high, but it would rather be too low to grow slowly than too high to be affected. The mycelium grows well at 12~ 18℃, with low temperature and slow growth trend, but there are few mixed bacteria and high survival rate. Generally, it won't freeze to death at MINUS 40℃, but it will die when it is higher than 32℃. The daughter needs 20~25℃ in the later growth stage to be favorable for growth.
2. Humidity: Humidity management is the key to the growth and development of Cordyceps sinensis. The nutrition and humidity in the worm can basically meet its growth requirements, and no external nutrition and humidity are needed. Only foreign objects are needed to keep the worms moist and not easy to dry, so it is advisable to keep the sand moist at any time, and the water content should reach 60%. If it is dry, you can spray a small amount of water to keep it moist.
3. Illumination: Cordyceps sinensis cultivation does not need strong light, and it is better to avoid light. In the later stage of development, scattered light is better, but direct sunlight cannot be allowed. Especially for outdoor cultivation, shade forests, artificial shade sheds and grass lotus mulch should be used for shading.
4. Air: The growth stage of Cordyceps sinensis mycelium is not important to air. When the substrate is about to be unearthed, the plastic film should be removed immediately, and air should be added to facilitate the growth of the substrate. The relative humidity of the air should be kept at about 75-95%, and it will grow and mature 10-20 days after excavation. 4. Under natural conditions, the growth period of Cordyceps sinensis is generally 9 months. If it is cultivated in September this year-165438+ 10, it can grow in May-June next year, or if it is cultivated indoors in March-April, it will grow in September of that year -65438+ 10, and the growth rate determines the variety properties and environmental temperature. The maturity standard of Cordyceps sinensis is unearthed from the base.
Harvest method: gently dig sand with bamboo poles and wooden poles, pick out Cordyceps sinensis and put it in the basket. Be careful not to damage the insect body and the auxiliary seat, let alone scratch the insect body or the auxiliary seat. Rinse the sand with water after harvesting, and expose it to the sun or dry it in time.
Preservation: Cordyceps sinensis is easy to get wet and must be fully dried. After drying, it should be put into plastic bags or bottles, sealed and moisture-proof, stored and sold.