The basic source is Litchi chinensis of Sapindaceae.

lychee

Fruit.

Alias Li Zhi, Li Zhi, Dan Li and Le Li.

It is mild in taste, sweet and slightly sour.

Function of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, invigorating spleen and benefiting blood [1].

73% of the ingredients are edible. Every 100g contains 293KJ of energy, 8 1.9g of water, 0.9g of protein, 0.2g of fat, 0.5g of dietary fiber, 0/6.lg of carbohydrate, 0/0μ g of carotene/kloc-0, 2μg of retinol equivalent, and 0 .. . 1mg, vitamin C 4 1 mg, potassium 15 1mg, sodium 1.7mg, calcium 2mg, magnesium 12mg, iron 0.4mg, manganese 0.09mg and manganese 0.09 mg. Vitamin e was not detected. [2]

Chinese Pinyin: [lì zhì] [3]

English explanation: Litchi chinensis；; leechee

"Litchi chinensis is a subtropical fruit tree produced in southern China. Litchi is an important fruit crop in South China, with an annual output of more than one million tons. "

lychee

Litchi is a valuable fruit in the south of China. Litchi is bright purple in color, thin and flat in shell, clear in aroma, thick and bright in flesh, so almost all the writers of past dynasties have left famous poems praising litchi. Litchi is a tropical fruit. In the past, only southerners had the luck to eat. With the development of transportation, North Renye Fang can enjoy the treatment of Yang Guifei.

1.2 Explanation of Name

Also known as branching. Trees are tall, leaves don't fall all year round, and fruits mature in May and June. The poet Bai Juyi once described: "If this fruit leaves the trunk, it will change color one day, smell on the second day, and taste on the third day. After four or five days, the color, fragrance and taste have disappeared, so the name leaves the branch." 　

1.3 acquisition and processing

The fruit is white when fresh and red after drying. Baked in the sun and fire, marinated in honey and fried, it can be transported far away. The drying of blossoming litchi fruits is called litchi cotton.

1.4 Efficacy indication

Eating fresh litchi can produce body fluid to quench thirst, and regulate stomach; Dried lychee can be eaten by decocting in water or cooking porridge.

lychee

The effects of liver and kidney, spleen and stomach, qi and blood are nourishing fruits for patients with physical weakness, old and weak, anemia, palpitation and insomnia after illness. Litchi is rich in iron and vitamin C. Iron can increase the content of hemoglobin and make people rosy, while vitamin C can make the skin delicate and elastic. [3]

Quench thirst, benefit people's color, refresh their brains. It can be used for treating dizziness, stuffy heart, dysphoria, back discomfort, tuberculosis of cervical lymph nodes, abscess and furuncle, and acne in children.

Li Shizhen said: Litchi smells pure yang. Eating too much fresh litchi will cause gum swelling, mouth pain or nosebleeds. Therefore, patients with dental diseases and excessive internal heat should not eat. [1] Litchi is rich in sugar, which can supplement energy and increase nutrition. Studies have proved that litchi can nourish brain tissue and obviously improve insomnia, forgetfulness and mental fatigue. Litchi meat is rich in vitamin C and protein, which helps to enhance the immune function and improve the disease resistance. Litchi has the functions of detumescence, detoxification, hemostasis and pain relief; Litchi is rich in vitamins, which can promote blood circulation of tiny blood vessels, prevent freckles and make skin smoother.

1.5 Edible

Litchi is suitable for people with weak constitution, insufficient body fluid and anemia after illness; Suitable for diarrhea due to spleen deficiency or diarrhea due to five changes in the elderly and stomach cold pain; It is also suitable for people with bad breath.

1.6 No food.

Don't eat a lot of litchi continuously, but drink a little salt water or herbal tea before and after eating litchi, and mung bean water, wax gourd water and radix rehmanniae soup also have good curative effects. For children, litchi is the same as mango, longan and other fruits. Children with heavy internal fire had better not eat it, while normal children should eat as little as possible. For the elderly, elderly people with constipation should not eat as much as possible; In particular, patients with liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes and gastrointestinal diseases should be cautious about litchi fever, and patients with hemorrhagic disease, pregnant women and children should not eat. Anyone who belongs to the constitution of yin deficiency and fire hyperactivity is forbidden to eat; People with diabetes should not eat. Litchi should not eat more, eat more fever; Eating more lychee in the elderly can aggravate constipation. Litchi is not suitable for people with acne, sores, colds or acute inflammation, otherwise it will aggravate the disease. [3]

2 flowering characteristics edit this paragraph

The length of the bud-bearing period from the flowering of litchi flowers to the flowering is related to many factors, but the temperature in winter and spring (1~ March) has the greatest influence, which is generally 30 ~ 40 days, while the length of the flowering period is related to the variety, climate, early or late flowering, etc. The short one is only 15 days, and the long one can reach 86 days.

2. 1 flowering sequence

Litchi is a monoecious tree species with different flowers. Female flowers and male flowers are planted on the same ear.

lychee

The flowering sequence is different due to the location and sex of the spike. Generally, the single flower between two spikelets blooms first, followed by the central flower of each spikelet, and finally the small flowers on both sides. Most of these flowers bloom first. The opening sequence of male and female flowers can be roughly divided into three types: unisexual heteromature type, single simultaneous mature type and multiple simultaneous mature type. Parthenocarpy refers to the situation that the female and male flowers are open separately, which leads to the failure of the male and female, while the latter two flowers are both open at the same time or meet the male and female, such as the flowering of March Red, Feizixiao, Huaizhi, Fraxinus pekinensis and Guiwei.

2.2 flowering time and process

Litchi flowers have no petals. When the male flowers open, the top of the flower bud splits longitudinally, from bud cracking to filament exposure for about 4-5 days, and then it reaches full bloom in 2-3 days. At full bloom, the anthers crack and emit pollen, and then it withers completely in 2 days. When the female flower is not in bloom, the stigma has been protruding outside, and it gradually turns from dark green to white. After 4-5 days, the ovary and style are elongated, and after 4-5 days, the stigma cracks and branches, secreting mucus is the blooming period of the female flower, which is the most timely opportunity to receive pollen. After 2-3 days, the stigma turns from white to yellowish brown and withers, which is the flowering period.

2.3 the proportion of male and female flowers

The ratio of male and female flowers in litchi has a great relationship with fruit setting, which is influenced by many factors such as variety, tree potential, climate, fruiting mother branch status, cultivation management and so on. According to previous statistical observation, the varieties with high female flower ratio include March Red, glutinous rice paste and black leaf, which can reach 27% ~ 33%, while the female flower ratio of Gualv and Guiwei is13% ~15%. In addition, the female flower ratio of young fruit trees is lower than that of adult fruit trees, and it is later in the same variety.

2.4 requirements for environmental conditions

The heading period and flowering period of litchi are greatly influenced by temperature, which is negatively correlated. The flowering temperature of litchi varies from variety to variety. Early-maturing variety Sanyuehong can bloom when the temperature is 7 ~10℃, while most middle and late-maturing varieties require about18 ~ 24℃ for flowering, and the flowering will decrease above 29℃. 22 ~ 26℃ is the most suitable temperature for pollen germination. Below 18℃, pollen and insect pollination will be affected. Above 30℃, the flowering period will be shortened, the stigma will be easy to dry, and pollen germination and pollen tube elongation will be affected, which is unfavorable for pollination and fertilization. Rain is taboo in litchi flowering period, especially continuous rain or low temperature rain, which is more harmful. If it rains more, the flowers will rot, and the water accumulated on the flower spike will lead to "retting". [ 1]

3 litchi pulp edit this paragraph

3. 1 litchi efficacy

1. Replenish energy, improve intelligence and brain. Litchi pulp is rich in glucose and sucrose, and the total sugar content is above 70%, ranking first among many fruits, which has the functions of supplementing energy and increasing nutrition. Studies have proved that litchi can nourish brain tissue.

lychee

, can significantly improve insomnia, forgetfulness, mental fatigue and other symptoms.

2. Enhance immune function. It has always been regarded as a precious tonic.

3. Detumescence and detoxification, hemostasis and pain relief.

4. Stop hiccups and diarrhea. It is a good dietotherapy for patients with intractable hiccups and diarrhea.

nucleus

Sweet, warm, astringent and non-toxic.

Efficacy can be used to treat stomach pain, intestinal gas pain and women's blood gas tingling. The method is to simmer a nuclear, grind it into powder and take it with wine.

shell

Efficacy is mainly used to treat children's sores and acne, and decoction is taken. Also relieve litchi fever, soak in water and drink.

Flowers, skin and roots

Efficacy is mainly used to treat sore throat. Boil the juice with water and carefully contain the throat.

3.2 Method of making breast enhancement litchi juice

Materials needed to make this summer litchi honey pear juice: about 200 grams of fresh litchi, 2 fresh honey pears, boiled water 1 cup, and some sugar or honey. In order to make litchi honey pear taste better, it is best to use honey as seasoning, and the litchi must be fresh, and the litchi will taste bad overnight.

method of work

Step one

Peel the fresh litchi, wash it, cut it into small pieces, put it in a blender and pour it into a bowl for later use. Then, peel the two honey pears separately and cut them into thin strips with basically the same size. Cut into shreds and put them in a bowl filled with water for a few minutes. [4]

Step 2

Then put the shredded honey pear and papaya paste into a wok and cook them in hot water for several minutes until they are cooked into sauce. Boil ginger, put it in a bowl, let it cool slightly, then add honey and stir well. Then put it in a funnel and pour boiling water to leak the juice, and then pour the leaked juice into the funnel and leak it repeatedly until the juice is thick.

Step 3

Filtered juice can be added with a small amount of tea or tea powder according to personal taste, or it can be frozen directly in the refrigerator without adding it. The cool feeling makes it taste better. In this way, a delicious breast enhancement juice that combines the crispness of fragrant pear and the sweetness of litchi is ready.

3.3 attachment

Litchi honey can not cure chickenpox: litchi meat is soaked in wine and eaten. Avoid being cold.

Treatment of furuncle and swelling: Use three or five lychees, without even numbers, and wash them out as the end, grind them into paste with glutinous rice porridge and spread them on paper. Leave a hole for poisonous gas. Or use three pieces of litchi meat and three pieces of hoarfrost plum, and pound them into cakes. Stick it on the sore to eliminate the root cause.

Treatment of hiccups is not limited to: seven lychees are used, and even the skin and core are burned with ash, and they are ground into powder, and the white soup is taken.

Treatment of hernia: Litchi kernel, green orange peel and fennel are divided into equal parts, and the ash is fried and studied. Take two yuan with wine three times a day.

Treatment of women's blood gas stabbing pain, stomach pain, low back pain: use litchi seed to burn, take half two; Stir-fry Cyperus rotundus for one or two, grind it into powder, and take 220 yuan each time, and mix it with salt soup or rice soup.

Treatment of dysentery (red and white dysentery): litchi shell, oak bucket shell, pomegranate peel and licorice root are respectively fried and decocted.

Nasal congestion: dry seven lychees and add 50 ml of vinegar to boil and take. [ 1]

3.4 How to choose

Look. Look at the head of litchi, the head of immature litchi is pointed, and the "nails" on the epidermis are dense. Secondly, it depends on the shell. If you want to choose sweet litchi, choose those with flat cracks and obvious suture lines on the shell. In addition, the shell color of fresh litchi should be dark red with a little green. Touch. Fresh litchi is hard but elastic in your hand. After the peel is removed, the pulp inside is white. Otherwise, it is stale litchi. Smell. Fresh litchi has a faint scent of fruit. If you smell sour or other peculiar smell, then this litchi is not fresh, so don't buy it. Taste it. Peel a litchi and taste it. The fresh litchi should be sweet and sour, with delicious and elastic pulp. [5]

4 plant properties edit this paragraph

4. 1 morphological characteristics

Evergreen trees. The crown is broad and the branches are tortuous. The height usually does not exceed 10 m, and sometimes it can reach 15 m or more, and the bark is gray-black; Branchlets are cylindrical, maroon, and densely white lenticels. Leaf stalk length10 ~ 25 cm or more; 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, less than 4 pairs, thin leathery or leathery, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, sometimes elliptic-lanceolate, 6 ~15 cm long and 2 ~ 4 cm wide, with a sharp tip or a short tapering tail, the whole margin, dark green ventral surface, luster, green back flour and no hair on both sides; Lateral veins are often slender, not obvious on the ventral surface, obvious or slightly convex on the dorsal surface; Petiole is 7 ~ 8 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, broad and multi-branched; Pedicel slender, 2 ~ 4 mm long, sometimes thick and short; Calyx covered with golden yellow short villi; Stamens 6 ~ 7, sometimes 8, filaments about 4 mm long; The ovary is densely covered with small tumors and bristles. Fruit ovoid to nearly spherical, 2 ~ 3.5 cm long, usually dark red to bright red when mature; The seeds are all wrapped by fleshy aril. Flowering in spring and fruiting in summer.

The height of wild trees can reach 30m, and the DBH1m. Bark grayish brown, undivided. Even pinnate compound leaves alternate, with 2 ~ 4 pairs of leaflets, long elliptic-lanceolate, and 6 ~12 cm long. Flowers are small, apetalous and form terminal panicles. The fruit is spherical or ovoid, red when ripe, with obvious protuberance on the pericarp, brownish red seeds, flowering from March to April, and fruit ripening from May to August. I like light, warm and humid climate and deep and acidic soil rich in humus, and I am afraid of frost.

Litchi [5] originated in China and is a beautiful fruit in Lingnan, China. It is beautiful in color, fragrance and taste.

lychee

At home and abroad, it is known as the "fruit king". Litchi is a subtropical fruit tree, evergreen trees, up to 20 meters high, even pinnate compound leaves, round panicles, small flowers, no petals, green and white or light yellow, and fragrant. Orchard-shaped, the peel is mostly scaly, bright red and purple. When the pulp is fresh, it is translucent and fat-like, and it tastes delicious. It belongs to the family Sapindaceae. Take your own high-definition pictures (27)

Litchi is rich in nutrition. According to the analysis, every 100 ml of fruit juice contains vitamin C13.20 ~ 71.72 mg, and soluble solids12.9 ~ 21%,which is a nutritional product for improving health. According to [6], litchi can "quench thirst, benefit people's color, soothe the mind, improve intelligence, strengthen qi (nourish the brain and keep fit), treat scrofula, tumor and other diseases".

Litchi has the characteristics of extensive cultivation and long life, and the management of litchi has the advantages of less labor consumption, low cost and high income. Its output value plays an important role in fruit tree production. Fresh litchi and dried litchi are exported at home and abroad. Litchi is not only eaten fresh and dried, but also can be canned, pickled, brewed and made into other processed products, which is an important raw material for developing food industry. Litchi kernel contains 57% starch, which can also be used to make wine, and it can make more than ten kilograms of wine per hundred kilograms. Flowers are fragrant and full of honey, which provides a good honey source for the development of beekeeping industry.

Peels, barks and roots contain a lot of tannins, which are raw materials for pharmacy and seeds can also be used as medicine. Litchi trunk is fine and solid, resistant to moisture and corrosion, and is an excellent wood for building houses, boats, bridges and making furniture. Branches and leaves can be used as fuel. Therefore, litchi is a treasure, which can be comprehensively utilized. It is a fruit tree with broad development prospects and high practical value.

4.2 Eating Taboos

1. Litchi should not be eaten on an empty stomach

Fresh litchi litchi has a high sugar content. Eating it on an empty stomach will stimulate the gastric mucosa and cause stomach pain and bloating. Moreover, eating too much on an empty stomach will lead to a "hyperosmotic coma" due to the sudden addition of too much high sugar in the body. [7]

2. It is not advisable to eat too much litchi.

Eating more is easy to get angry, and it is also easy to get litchi disease. If you eat too much lychee at a time and eat too much fructose, the blood sugar (blood sugar refers to the concentration of glucose in the blood) is much lower than normal, which leads to hypoglycemia. Children, in particular, should pay more attention not to eat more, otherwise it will seriously affect their health.