Classification of salt

sea salt

The salt made by drying seawater can produce 27 kilograms of salt per 1000 kilograms of seawater on average. The eastern coastal areas of China, Taiwan Province Province and Hainan Province are rich in sea salt, which has been the main source of salt production in China. At present, China's sea salt production ranks first in the world, accounting for about 80% of the national salt production.

lake salt

Also known as "pool salt", it is formed by evaporation of inland salt lake or salt lake water. Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Jilin provinces (regions) have a large number of salt lakes; The salt reserves of Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province exceed 50 billion tons.

well salt

It is made of shallow surface or underground natural brine by open caisson method. These wells are generally tens of meters or even hundreds of meters deep, but the wellhead is only as big as a rice bowl. What was taken out of the well was not massive salt, but dark and thick brine. Boil this brine in a large pot to get the glistening salt.

rock salt

Mineral salt is extracted by mining rock salt deposits. Because those rock salt deposits sometimes coexist with natural brine salt deposits, drilling water solution method is mainly used in mining, so there is also a general term for well salt and mineral salt-well salt. Huai 'an, Jiangsu Province has the largest salt mine in the world, with a reserve of over 200 billion tons.

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Because rock salt deposits sometimes coexist with natural brine salt deposits, and because of the advent of drilling water solution method for mining rock salt deposits, the combination of "well salt" and "mineral salt" is generally called "well salt" or "mineral salt". Well salt is mainly produced in Sichuan, Hubei, Yunnan, Chongqing and Jiangxi provinces and cities.

Which is better, lake salt or sea salt? Lake salt or sea salt?

From the point of view of nutrition, the main component of salt is sodium, so there is no difference between lake salt and sea salt.

Sea salt is made from seawater by natural evaporation. As for the color, most of the sea salt is white, but also yellowish brown, taupe, reddish and dark white.

Lake salt, also known as "pool salt", is formed by evaporation of inland saltwater lake or salt lake water. Lake salt has cyan, white, red, blue and black, much like a rainbow shining in the crystal.

Most salt lakes are surrounded by deserts and Gobi. Affected by natural and man-made factors for a long time, the natural ecology around the lake is unbalanced, desertification intensifies, and quicksand constantly invades the lake. Therefore, while developing the salt lake, we must plant trees and grass around the lake and expand vegetation to prevent sand damage, create green homes and make contributions. Salt lakes are generally located in arid areas. After the salt cover is uncovered in the mining process, the intercrystalline brine is exposed and evaporation is accelerated. If the water supply is insufficient, the water level of the lake will drop, which will affect the long-term development. In-depth study of water replenishment technology and consideration of reasonable mining scale are important topics for lake salt development.

What is the difference between well salt and sea salt?

From the point of view of nutrition, the main component of salt is sodium, so there is no difference between well salt and sea salt.

In terms of quality, well salt is better than sea salt.

First of all, well salt is purer and better in quality than sea salt, because all the raw materials of well salt come from natural brine and rock salt deposits in Jurassic geological age below a thousand meters deep well, which are rich in various natural mineral elements and have few impurities;

Secondly, the refining principle of well mineral salt is refined by fully sealed vacuum process, which hardly destroys its original substance and is pure natural. Well mineral salt is superior to sea salt in color and shape.

Finally, with the development of modern industry, the pollution of harmful chemicals to sea salt raw material-seawater is becoming more and more serious, but the raw material of well salt is not affected.

Is coarse salt better or refined salt better? The difference between crude salt and refined salt

The production process of raw salt has long crystallization time and low labor intensity. Let the saturated brine crystallize from entering the pool to drying salt until the sodium chloride in the saturated brine completely precipitates, drain the mother brine, and then add the saturated brine again to promote crystallization. Repeated several times, after three or four months, or even longer (no salt was collected during the period), sea salt with coarse particles and slow dissolution rate was finally formed.

Refined salt, also known as refined salt, is the salt after processing and impurity removal. The appearance particles of fine salt are smaller and finer. The production process of fine salt is characterized by short crystallization time (usually five or six days is a salt precipitation cycle), intensive cultivation and high labor intensity. The produced salt is white in appearance, fine in particles, fast in dissolution and good in quality.

In addition to sodium chloride, the crude salt also contains trace compounds such as water, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium sulfate and iodine. These compounds are essential substances for human body, which exist in a certain amount in the crude salt, but are removed in the refined salt processing.

Generally, the raw salt contains 85% ~ 90% sodium chloride, and the refined salt is above 96%. However, in addition to sodium chloride, the crude salt also contains trace compounds such as water, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium sulfate and iodine. These compounds are essential substances for human body. They exist in a certain amount in crude salt, but they are removed in refined salt processing.

However, raw salt is easily polluted by harmful substances, and some crude sea salt contains heavy metal elements harmful to human body. The nutrients in the raw salt may help to supplement the corresponding trace elements, but the effect may not be good. Because there is so much salt to eat every day, it is unlikely to supplement nutrition by eating salt. If there are problems such as calcium deficiency, it is necessary to change the total diet.

By place of origin

Classification of salt

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Luyan (produced in Tianjin and Hebei), Huaiyan (produced in Jiangsu), Fujian (produced in Fujian), Guangdong (produced in Guangdong), Xiangheng (produced in Hunan), Yayan (produced in Inner Mongolia), Daqing (produced in Inner Mongolia) and Sichuan (produced in Sichuan).

Lu Yan: Luchang Yantian is one of the four largest Yantian in China and the largest Yantian in China, mainly distributed along the Bohai Sea in Hebei and Tianjin. With a total length of 370 kilometers, * * * owns more than 2.3 million mu of salt fields, with an annual output of more than 3 million tons of sea salt, accounting for a quarter of the total national sea salt output. It consists of Luchang Hangu saltworks, Luchang Haijing Group, Luchang Daqing saltworks and Luchang Nanbao saltworks. The salt produced by Luchang Salt Field is famous at home and abroad for its large quantity, good quality, uniform particles and white color.

Huaiyan: Huaiyan is named after Huaihe River crossing Jiangsu saltworks. Jiangsu saltworks are distributed in the embroidered needle estuary at the junction of Sulu and Shandong in the north, and the inclined long coastal zone at the Yangtze River estuary in the south, spanning Lianyungang, Yancheng, Huai 'an and Nantong 13 counties, covering an area of 653 square kilometers. It has the reputation of "the benefit of cooking the sea, the most important thing is the Huaihe River", "the library of East China" and "the white grain is dry".

Yan Min: Fujian Salt Industry Company takes iodized salt as its own responsibility, organizes and implements the salt monopoly policy, establishes a standardized salt production and circulation order, and establishes a salt sales network covering the whole province; Adhere to the principle of "salt-based, diversified development and all-round development" and set up various entities with strong economic strength.

Guangdong Salt Industry: Guangdong Salt Industry Group Co., Ltd. is a state-owned quasi-public monopoly enterprise supervised by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Guangdong Province, and its brand is Guangdong Salt Bureau. It is the only legal salt monopoly entity in Guangdong Province, which bears the economic responsibility of maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned assets and the social responsibility of supplying qualified iodized salt and eliminating iodine deficiency disorders.

Xiangheng Salt: Hunan Xiangheng Salt Chemical Co., Ltd. is located in Chashan 'ao, Zhuhui District, Hengyang City. Its products mainly include iodized salt, green salt, low sodium salt, seaweed salt, industrial salt, casing salt, Nanyue longevity salt, feed additive, industrial refined brine and mirabilite. Products sell well in Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Chongqing, Guizhou, Shanghai, Hainan, Zhejiang and other domestic markets, and are also exported.

Yayan: Inner Mongolia Jaboulay Salt Chemical Group Co., Ltd. is located in the hinterland of Badain Jaran Desert in Inner Mongolia. Is a state-owned medium-sized salt chemical production enterprise with a history of more than 60 years, which is based on the production of lake salt and mainly produces salt and nitrate chemical products. The resources that the enterprise relies on are Jaboulay Salt Lake and Zhongquanzi Nitrate Lake. Accompanied by minerals such as potassium chloride and magnesium chloride. Raw salt is famous for its high sodium chloride content and excellent quality.

Daqingyan: distributed in Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet, Sichuan and other places. Has the effects of purging heat, cooling blood, improving eyesight and moistening dryness. Commonly used for hematuria, hematemesis, bloody teeth and tongue, red eyes, swelling and pain, broken string due to wind eye, toothache and constipation.

Sichuan salt: The salt commonly used in Sichuan cuisine is well salt (Sichuan salt). Its sodium chloride content is as high as over 99%. Pure taste, white color, small crystal, loose and not caking. Well salt produced in Zigong, Sichuan Province is the most ideal condiment in salt, which can fix the taste, refresh the taste, relieve boredom and remove fishy smell. It is one of the essential products of Sichuan cuisine.

Depending on the purity used

Classification of salt

Common edible salt

Salt making, vacuum salt making, powder salt washing, refined sea salt, sun refined salt. Generally, these salts cannot be directly sold in the market, and can only be used as the "mother salt" of iodized salt.

Raw salt: particles baked under natural conditions, with dense structure, gray color and purity of about 94%. This salt is mainly used to pickle pickles, fish and meat.

Refined salt: raw salt is purified by brine, evaporated in vacuum, dehydrated and dried. The color is white, and the content of sodium chloride is above 99.6%, which is suitable for cooking and seasoning.

Medical and medicinal nutrients

Low sodium salt: Low sodium salt has a reasonable proportion of sodium and potassium, which can reduce blood cholesterol and is suitable for patients with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The content of sodium chloride, the main component of common iodized salt we usually eat, is as high as 95%. Sodium ions can enhance the surface tension of human blood vessels, which easily leads to the increase of blood flow and blood pressure. Low sodium salt is a new type of salt which can appropriately reduce the sodium content and increase the potassium and magnesium content according to the needs of human body. Low sodium salt is made from iodized salt, but the content of sodium chloride is reduced to below 65%, and a certain amount of potassium chloride and magnesium sulfate are added, mainly for special people who need to limit sodium salt, such as kidney disease, hypertension and heart disease. Low sodium salt can regulate the balance of sodium, potassium and magnesium ions in the body, and has certain curative effect on preventing and treating hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Because potassium chloride and magnesium sulfate are also a little salty, and potassium and magnesium are also essential macro elements for human body, which is of great significance to the health of the heart.

Iodized salt: In order to prevent iodine deficiency, a certain dose of potassium iodide and potassium iodate is added to table salt. This is the most scientific, direct, effective, simple and economical method to supplement iodine for the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders. It is mainly developed to supplement iodine for residents in iodine-deficient areas, and can prevent endemic goiter and cretinism. Edible iodized salt The concentration of iodized salt in iodine-deficient areas in China is1/50000 ~1/20000; The United Nations World Health Organization recommended1100000 concentration of iodized salt to wards; The iodine content of iodized salt in the Federal Republic of Germany is 1/250000, which is the lowest in the world. The concentration of iodized salt in America is110000, which is the highest in the world.

Adding selenium salt: it has certain curative effect on preventing Keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease. It is made by adding a certain amount of sodium selenite on the basis of iodized salt. Selenium is the "king of anticancer" among trace elements in human body, which has important functions such as anti-oxidation, delaying cell aging, protecting cardiovascular health and improving human immunity. At the same time, selenium is also an antidote to harmful heavy metals in the body. Middle-aged and elderly people, patients with cardiovascular diseases and people with small appetite can choose to add selenium salt. Add a certain proportion of selenium salt. The selenium salt produced in China contains sodium selenite15100000.

Haizu crude salt: salt mixed with Haizu crude powder in a certain proportion. Has the function of preventing and treating filariasis.

Adding zinc salt: it can treat children's developmental retardation, short stature, mental retardation, loss of appetite and accelerated aging caused by zinc deficiency. Adding zinc salt is based on iodized salt, and then adding a certain amount of zinc sulfate or zinc gluconate according to national standards, which is beneficial to children's brain strengthening, memory improvement and physical development, and has a good effect on preventing various diseases caused by zinc deficiency. Suitable for children with rapid physical development, pregnant women, elderly people who eat less, vegetarians and other people.

Fluoride-added anti-caries salt: it is suitable for low-fluorine areas and has a certain effect on preventing dental caries. Fluoride such as sodium fluoride is added to table salt to make the fluorine element reach 100 ~ 250 ppm. Suitable for children and teenagers.

Mebendazole medicinal salt: Its function is to prevent human parasites, such as hookworm, roundworm and whipworm.

Blood-enriching salt: that is, adding iron salt. Salt with an iron content of about 8000ppm. It is usually obtained by adding an appropriate amount of iron enhancer such as ferrous sulfate to salt. Iron salt is added to patients with iron deficiency anemia. It is made of iron fortifier and refined salt. The incidence of iron deficiency anemia is very high in China. A certain amount of iron-containing compounds are added to the fortified iron salt, which can be used to prevent iron-deficiency anemia caused by human iron deficiency, improve children's learning attention, memory and human immunity, and is suitable for iron-deficient people, especially to meet the iron needs of infants, teenagers, women and the elderly. The main components of iron salt are: iron content is 600- 1000mg/kg, and iodine content is not less than 40mg/kg.

Vitamin B2 salt: A certain amount of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is added to refined salt, which is orange in color and tastes the same as ordinary salt. Regular consumption can prevent and treat vitamin B2 deficiency. People who often suffer from oral ulcers may lack vitamin B2. Eating riboflavin salt (vitamin B2 salt) can improve this situation. Riboflavin in riboflavin salt is also of great significance to the process of human energy metabolism and can promote growth and development.

Calcium addition: calcium addition is made by adding calcium compounds in proportion on the basis of common iodized salt, which is suitable for all kinds of people who need calcium supplementation, and can prevent osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis, adjust the balance of other minerals and activate enzymes. The main components of the added calcium salt are: the calcium content is 6000- 10000 mg/kg, and the iodine content is not less than 40 mg/kg.

Seasoning salt: add sesame, pepper, spiced noodles, shrimp powder, pepper noodles, etc. The refined salt is made into spiced spicy salt, spicy salt, sesame salt, shrimp salt, etc. Increase appetite with unique flavor.

Balanced bodybuilding salt: the proportion of inorganic salts potassium and sodium in seawater is basically the same as that in human blood, and it contains a certain amount of magnesium. Extracting these beneficial substances from seawater and adding them to refined salt can meet the needs of human body for various minerals, so as to achieve the purpose of balancing nutrition, strengthening the body and eliminating diseases.

Rock crystal salt: rock crystal salt is made of sea salt, which keeps the components closest to human body in the ocean, especially rich in inorganic salts such as potassium, sodium, magnesium and iodine and marine biological elements. And the particles are crystals, which are more suitable for people in coastal areas to eat. With the approval of the state, Guangdong is one of the two provinces approved to produce natural crystalline salt, which was welcomed by consumers in some coastal areas in the early years.

Snowflake salt: It is made of high-quality sea salt with the most advanced special technology in the world. The salt is natural, pure, loose, instant and white in color, and contains many minerals and nutrients necessary for human body. It is the highest grade of common iodized salt. At present, snowflake salt is popular in developed countries such as the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea and Australia.

Nutrient salt: It is made by adding calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and essential trace elements to refined salt. It is an edible salt for supplementing trace elements such as copper, zinc and manganese, and has the function of promoting children's growth and development.

What kind of salt is good? What salt is good to eat?

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At present, there are roughly the following kinds of salt sold in the market: iodized salt is the most common variety in the market, which is suitable for the needs of ordinary citizens; Non-iodized salt is suitable for people who don't need to add iodine, and patients with no iodine or low iodine. Pickle salt is used to pickle food; Nutritional components include calcium, zinc, iron, selenium and other elements, which are suitable for people who lack these elements.

Most people should eat iodized salt. Iodine deficiency in human body will not only lead to goiter and other diseases. Iodine can help children and adolescents grow up healthily, and adults also need iodine for their metabolism, so it is very important for everyone to eat iodized salt. However, adults should consume less than 5 grams of iodized salt every day. There is another misunderstanding here. Some people put little salt in their cooking, but a lot of soy sauce. In fact, 5mL soy sauce is equivalent to 1 g salt. In our daily life, we should not eat too much salt. Eating too much salt will raise blood pressure and significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Eating too much salt will also increase the risk of stomach diseases, osteoporosis, obesity and other diseases.

For people with hypertension, nephropathy, hyperthyroidism and goiter, low sodium salt, deep well non-iodized salt or potassium salt can be used. In short, if you are sick, you must see a doctor in time. Be sure to follow the doctor's advice about the amount of salt.

No matter what quality salt it is, it looks white; The crystal is uniform, hard, smooth, transparent or translucent; No caking, no anti-halogen moisture absorption phenomenon, no impurities; Tasteless and salty.

Advantages and disadvantages of salt

The benefits of salt

Salt is not only an indispensable condiment in people's diet, but also an indispensable substance for human body. Its main component is sodium chloride, which is a neutral inorganic salt. It is salty in taste and cold in nature, and enters the stomach, kidney and large intestine. Has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood, moistening dryness, invigorating kidney, relaxing bowels, killing parasites, diminishing inflammation, inducing vomiting and stopping diarrhea. Salt is suitable for patients with acute gastroenteritis, vomiting and diarrhea, heatstroke, sweating and drinking in summer, sore throat, oral inflammation, gingival bleeding, indigestion caused by gastric acid deficiency, dry stool, habitual constipation and so on.

From a physiological point of view, salt is of great significance for maintaining human health: salt can help people digest food. The salty taste of salt can stimulate people's taste and increase oral saliva secretion, thus increasing appetite and improving food digestibility. Salt can participate in body fluid metabolism. Salt is an important component of body fluids. People who work in high temperature sweat too much and need to supplement salty drinks. People with excessive vomiting and diarrhea should be given normal saline; People with excessive blood loss should also drink warm salt water urgently, because salt can maintain the osmotic pressure and acid-base balance of the human body.

However, excessive salt can cause many diseases. In China, people generally eat too much salt. According to the national nutrition survey, the salt consumption from south to north ranges from 12g to 15g, while the World Health Organization stipulates that it is 6g. Excessive salt intake has a direct impact on health, so we control the amount of salt and eat scientifically.

Disadvantages of salt

Cough to quench thirst, edema patients should not eat; Patients with hypertension, nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases should limit their intake, and it is best to use salt (potassium chloride) or salt-free soy sauce instead of salt to promote appetite.

1. Too much salt can lead to hypertension.

According to experts' investigation, there is a certain relationship between salt intake and the incidence of hypertension. The more salt you eat, the higher the incidence of hypertension. This is because under the action of some endocrine hormones, salt can increase the sensitivity of blood vessels to various antihypertensive substances, cause arteriolar spasm, raise blood pressure, and may also accelerate the hardening process of renal arterioles. At the same time, salt also absorbs water. If the salt accumulates too much, the water content will increase greatly and the blood volume will increase accordingly. In addition, the imbalance of potassium and sodium inside and outside the cell will damage the function of red blood cells, and the blood flow will be viscous and slow, which will increase the workload of blood circulation and lead to further increase of blood pressure.

2. Too much salt can cause edema.

Because there is too much salt, sodium accumulates in the body, and sodium is hydrophilic, which will cause edema and increase the burden on the kidneys.

Too much salt can cause a cold.

High concentration of sodium salt has strong osmotic effect, which will affect the disease resistance of human cells. Excessive salt, one is to reduce saliva secretion, so that lysozyme in the mouth is also reduced accordingly, so that the virus has the opportunity to implant in the mouth. Second, due to the infiltration of sodium salt, the defense function of epithelial cells was inhibited and the disease resistance was greatly lost. Cold virus can easily invade the human body through cells that have lost barrier function, so people are prone to catch a cold, and upper respiratory tract inflammation such as pharyngitis and tonsillitis often occurs.

4. Too much salt will damage the heart.

There is such a record in Neijing: "More salt makes the pulse thick and discolored". "The taste is too salty, which hurts the bones and depresses the heart." How sad salt is. Too salty makes arterioles contract, which is harmful to the heart. For example, the death rate of heart disease among Hunan residents is four percentage points higher than that of the whole country, which is closely related to the large consumption of pork and salt.

5. Too much salt can lead to gastric cancer.

There is no carcinogen in salt, but it is easy to destroy gastric mucosa and help carcinogens. In addition, kidney disease and stroke are also closely related to excessive salt.

6. Excessive salt can lead to cataracts.

The researchers found that if the salt content in food is too high, the possibility of developing cataracts will increase.