1 Biological Characteristics
Bitter ginseng is wild in hillside meadows, plains, hills, roadsides, sandy and red loamy land to the sun. It likes warm climate. The soil requirements are not strict, general soil can be cultivated; but to deep soil, fertile, convenient drainage and irrigation of loamy soil or sandy loam is preferred.
2 Cultivation
2.1 Land selection, land preparation and fertilization Bitter ginseng is a deep-rooted plant, it is advisable to choose deep, fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, sunny clay loam, sandy loam or clay loam cultivation. Each acre of fully rotted compost or stable fertilizer 3000kg, pounded fine and spread evenly, turned over 40 ~ 50cm deep, rake flat and fine, made into 1.3m wide raised beds.
2.2 Reproduction Methods
2.2.1 Seed Reproduction In July to September, when the bitter ginseng pods become dark brown, harvested and dried, threshed, cleaned of impurities, and placed in a dry place for spare. Seed treatment should be carried out before sowing. Methods: soak the seeds in 40～50℃ warm water for 10～12 hours, take them out and drain them a little before sowing; or use wet sand to layer (seeds and wet sand mixed at 1∶3) for 20～30 days before sowing. In addition, with 95% to 98% of the concentrated sulfuric acid treatment for 60 minutes, can also improve the seed germination rate. In late March to early April, in the rectified raised beds, according to the row spacing 50 ~ 60cm, plant spacing 30 ~ 40cm open 2 ~ 3cm deep hole, each hole sowing 4 ~ 5 treated seeds, covered with fine soil mixed with grass ash, to keep the soil moist, 15 ~ 20 days of seedling. Seedling height 5 ~ 10cm time seedlings, each hole to stay strong seedlings 2. Seedlings can also be transplanted.
2.2.2 Split-root reproduction can be carried out in spring and fall. Fall cultivation is carried out after the fall of the leaves, and spring cultivation is carried out before budding. Spring and fall cultivation are combined with the bitter ginseng harvest. Dig out the mother plant, cut off the thick roots for medicinal use, and then according to the number of buds and roots on the mother plant, cut into several plants with a knife, each plant must have roots and buds 2 to 3. Plant seedlings according to the above plant, row spacing, 1 plant per hole. After planting, cover the soil, water thoroughly.
3 Field management
3.1 Reasonable drainage and irrigation Drought and fertilization should be timely irrigation to keep the soil moist. Pay attention to flooding in the rainy season to prevent waterlogging and root rot.
3.2 Plowing and weeding Plowing and weeding should be carried out during the seedling period to keep the field free of weeds and the soil loose and moist, so as to facilitate the growth of bitter ginseng.
3.3 Fertilizer On the basis of sufficient base fertilizer, fertilization is done twice a year: the first time in mid- and late May, 2000kg of dilute manure per mu; the second time in early and mid-August, with phosphorus and potash as the main fertilizer. Barren plots should be appropriate to increase the number of fertilizer.
3.4 Flower plucking In addition to the retention of the land, it is necessary to cut the flower shoots in time to avoid the consumption of nutrients.
4 Harvesting and processing
Roots can be planted 2 to 3 years later in August to September after the withering of stems and leaves or in March to April before the emergence of seedlings. Plane out the whole plant, according to the natural growth of the root, divided into single roots, remove the reed head, fibrous roots, wash the sediment, sun dry or drying that is. The fresh root is cut into 1cm thick round or oblique slices, dried in the sun or dried into bitter ginseng slices.